Background and Objective: Hairdressing is one of the important occupations influencing population health especially women. This research has been done to determine the degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Damghan women hairdressers in the field of personal and general hygiene.Method: This analytical descriptive research was performed on 87 female hair dressers in Damghan. Data were collected using a questionnaire arranged in four fields (i.e. personal and vocational sanitation, Measuring the attitude and tendency to apply it, hygienic function, and compliance with article 13 of Iranian code of practice on beauty salons). The data were analyzed using SPSS soft ware version 16.Results: The average age for the subjects was 31.92 with standard deviation of 7.6. 20.7 percent of cases had academic education, 65.5 percent had diploma and the remaining with lower than high school degree. Only 8 percent of them had good hygienic information. The main source of information for 54 percents of subjects was health care workers. 69 percent of hairdressers had suitable personal hygienic condition. Only 46 percents had a complete vaccination certificate for hepatitis B and 87.3 percent believed that they are at risk of infectious diseases and 62 percents were concerned about Hepatitis. There was a significant relationship between work experience and correctly antisepticising methods of instruments (p<0.05).Conclusion: Lack of the comprehensive health knowledge and practice, highlight the need for promotion of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hairdressers through training courses.

Background: Success of contraceptive methods depends on correct usage of them. Objective: To investigate the degree of knowledge, attitude and practice of OCP users. Methods: In an analytic- descriptive study, 488 women who had referred to health and treatment centers of Qazvin city were randomly chosen. The subjects filled a questionnaire containing 34 questions. Findings: The findings indicated that the duration of OCP using was between 1 month to 17 years. 3.5% of women had become pregnant despite using OCP. Only 10% of the subjects had the proper knowledge. Most of them (91.2%) had positive attitude toward OCP and their practice was at moderate and proper revel. Research findings showed statistical meaningful relationship between knowledge and practice; knowledge and revel of education; attitude and duration of OCP using; and attitude and pregnancy along with OCP using. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge about OCP using among women demands the improvement of educational programs in family planning centers and accomplishment of continuous educational programs.      

Background: Smoking is one of the major health problems worldwide and health politicians, especially medical doctors can play a key role in preventing and controlling of this global epidemic among their patients. Objective: To evaluate the physicians' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards smoking. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study in which the target population included all general physicians employed in state-run or private sectors. A total of 5140 GPs in 20 provinces of the country were randomly chosen based on available information from health care organization. Data were collected using questionnaires completed by educated questioners. Findings: The prevalence of smoking among general physicians was 7.43% (9.7% in males and 0.8% in females). Regular smoking was found in 1.79% of women and 10.37% of men and the average of cigarettes used by smokers was 6.6 per day. The average age to start smoking was 23.04±5.7 years. Most doctors (90%) believed in necessity of education to quit smoking manners. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of smoking among GPs found to be less than the general population, regarding the important of their roles, inclusion of extra educational sessions on tobacco control and prevention methods in universities seems to be of prime necessity. This will eventually cause a decrease in prevalence of smoking among this important shell of the society.  

Background and Objectives: The campaign to eliminate measles and rubella (MR) is one of the most important current health projects in Iran. One of the basic requirements of this program is the creation of an efficient system for collecting data on MR morbidity and mortality, people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding MR prevention, and people's participation in the eradication drive. The present study was done to assess people's knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to the current anti-MR campaign.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out fur months after the mass (anti-MR campaign (performed in May 2004). The target population included at the people aged 20-25y who lived in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. The calculated sample size was 384, using a 2-stage sampling procedure. We used X2 tests, odds ratios and confidence intervals to detect relationships between various categorical variables. We also performed Cronbach's alpha test to assess questionnaire reliability, and principal component analysis to ensure construct validity.Results: Data were collected on 390 individuals. The percentages of people with an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practice were 63.3%, 53.6% and 93.1% respectively. After controlling for confounders in, a logistic regression model, it became apparent that knowledge concerning the mass immunization campaign was related to the individual's own education and that of his/her mother. Attitude was found to be affected by factors such as education, marital status and the family's main income level. The practice component, on the other hand; was not significantly related to any of the variables included in this study.Conclusion: The positive achievements of this program should be used in planning any future immunization campaigns. Particular attention should be paid to factors that affect overall coverage. These include human resources, equipment, vaccines and other materials, service uality, the cold chain, information provided to the public, and people's as well as providers' knowledge of the immunization program, the target diseases (s) and the vaccines.

Introduction: Diabetesis one of the most common chronic conditions and a major public health concern in Iran. Increasing awareness regarding diabetes can reduce mortality and economic burden on health systems. Objective: To determine the level of diabetes related health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among diabetic patients residing in west of Mazandaran Province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the patients with type-2 diabetes, referredto Ramsar 13Aban Pharmacy and Shafa outpatient clinic from May 2016 to Feb 2017. 240 patients were enrolled in the study and a questionnaire was filled through face-to-face interview. Level of KAP was evaluated by calculating the scores and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 58. 27 (159 females and 81 males). The level of patients’ Knowledge, attitude and performance about diabetes were 59. 36%, 38. 5% and 51. 35%, respectively. There was a positive significant relationship between patients’ level of knowledge and their educational level. The attitude score was lower in patients without family history. Moreover, better performance level was observed in females and in patients treated with insulin plus oral antidiabetic agents. Conclusion: Results of the present study indicat ethe low level of KAP among diabetic patients about self-care and proper education of diabetic patients by regular programs can lead to better control, prevention of disease progress and decrease in health system costs.

Background and Aim: Conflict and mismatching in employee's opinion in national organizations is component of their nature and conflict management is one of the hardest as well as the most important duties of a manager that can increase efficiency and revenue of organization. Presented research has been done in this point of view; Study of knowledge, attitude and performance of managers with conflict management background in faculty of medical sciences of Shahroud (2006). Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional and applical studies. Paying attention to limitation of research substrade and essential need to adequate data, all data have studied in the way of capitation and a questionnaire consist of 6 general questions and 51 professional questions about knowledge, attitude and performance of managers connected to conflict, and have been prepared and given to managers. To analyse data SPSS and INSTAT soft wares was used, and conclusions displayed through diagrams and tables. Results: Paying attention to conclusions of analysed data I found that 7.6% of research substrade are major managers, 30.3% are median managers and 62.1% are basis managers as well as 39.4% of them are females and 60.6% the rest are males.16.7% of managers have degrees under bachelor and 83.3% have upper than it.27.3%of manager have management experience lower than 10 years and the rest have more than 10 years. Just 6.1% of the managers passed didactic session and 93.9% had not tutorial terms. Knowledge grade of managers is 14.18/20 (intermediate level), their attitude grade is 45.62/55 (positive) and the average grade of performance is 110.76/150 that is normal and near good level.Conclusion: Paying attention to essential knowledge and positive attitude to conflict and its role on conscious performance of managers in this field can represent that holding didactic sessions for managers and creating essential skills in usage of conflict management techniques improve efficiency and revenue of organizations.