aIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1, 2]. AIDS is among the major challenges to the health system in all countries. . .

Wheat is one of the important food staff in consumption pattern of each country. More than 50% of human energy is supplied from bread in the developing country. Combine losses is less than 2-3% in developed countries, while in developing country is about 15-20% in different regions and circumstances of harvesting seasons and field conditions. In this research project that effect of combine type and wheat variety to grain losses and waists were investigated. Experimental design was split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Wheat variety in two levels of Sardari and Omid as a main plot and combines type in two levels of John Deere (JD) 1055 and JD 955 as a sub plot. Field experiments were carried out in the farmers field with 5 ha area. The results showed that higher amount of losses were in the Omid variety and JD 955 with totally 5.97% (306.3 kg ha-1) that 14.75% of them attributed on the combine back, 41.6% on Header, 5.4% on Drum and 24.45% on impurity and 13.8% on grain breakage. The lowest losses related to JD 1055 and Sardari variety with 3.12 % (160.05 kg ha-1) that 14.65% of them attributed on the combine back, 35.7% on Header, 4.5% on Drum, 26.15% on impurity and 19% on grain breakage.

In many countries increasing agricultural sustainability is one of the proposed approaches to help Problems solving such as hunger, poverty and disability. In this regard, people and especially farmers are in need of education as a driving force for the country's economy. However, few studies have particularly addressed the obstacles to agricultural education in sustainable development. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing educational barriers in sustainable agricultural development. The statistical population of this study composed of all learners and educators in Lordegan County Agricultural Education Center participating in the educational programs. 112 ones were selected using Krejcie and Morgan table and random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. In this research 7 factors were extracted using Exploratory factor analysis. These factors consist of. managerialsupportive., . quality of education., . communicational-informational., . infrastructure., . cultural., . psychological., and. environmental. factors, respectively according to their importance; which explained 67. 69% of the total variances. Each of these factors should be considered according to their significance in order to obviate educational barriers in sustainable agricultural development. In addition, the results of independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups including educators and learners in terms of. managerial-supportive., . communicational-informational., . quality of education., . infrastructure. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the. environmental. and. cultural. factors.

Introduction: An important aspect of water quality is the potential for scaling and corrosion. The occurrence of either of these two phenomena can increase maintenance costs and shorten the lifespan of the water supply and distribution systems as well as impair water hygiene and aesthetics. Materials and methods: The main goals of this study were to evaluate the potential for corrosion and/or scaling of the groundwater of the Lordegan aquifer, and to map relevant indices. For this purpose, data from 32 wells, five qanats and five springs, all located in the Lordegan plain, were used to calculate Langelier saturation and Ryznar stability indices. Kriging interpolation method was used to create maps of the stability indices.Results and Discussion: Based on the Langelier index, 93 percent of samples had low to moderate potential for scaling and only 7 percent of the samples had high potential for scaling. Based on the Ryznar index, 6 percent of samples had less to moderate corrosion potential and 38 percent of the samples had a high potential for corrosion. In general, due to the presence of carbonatic geological formations, the scaling potential of this groundwater is dominant over its corrosion potential. Based on the Langelier index, 76 percent of the Lordegan aquifer area (i.e. 4500 ha) has low scaling potential and based on the Ryznar index 84 percent of the Lordegan aquifer area (i.e. 5040 ha) has low to moderate corrosion potential. Overall, scaling or corrosion in drinking water and drip irrigation systems does not seem to be a significant problem. These results, however, only pertain to normal water temperature.

Karst is the result of different processes in limestone terrains, under climatic, geological and hydrological conditions. At the region under survey which is a part of Zagross Karst phonemena is the result of internal (geological structure and litology) and external morphodynamic (climate, beigbt, vegetation and time) process. In this article, the researcher has put his attention on study of effective factors of region karstification, he also introduced the major karst morphic landscapes and their foie on absorbtion and convection of meteoric water and water table feed has been discussed. Karst features and landscapes at the region have an important role in absorbtion of meteoric water and water penetration, so they are very imp rot ant in estimation of underground water resources and balance of water of the zone. The results indicate that wherever karst forms have developed in Lordegan basin, penetration water and underground water resources especially in case of springs have increased. In fact it is the karst surface forms that justify the level of the water amount of region springs. So it is very important to have detail recognition of karst features in the region to prepare a better or even optimal utilization plan for water resources of the region.

Tarbur Formation in the east of Lordegan includes mainly limestone, 182m thickness.Tarbur Formation lower contact with Gurpi Formation is disconformity and Upper contact with Pabdeh Formation, graded. Age of Tarbur Formation based on index fossil is Middle to Upper Mastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous). Microfacies include grainstone, wackestone to packstone and wackestone that shows open marine, bar (reef) and lagoon environment in the study area. Tarbur Formation in the study area deposited in Epicontinental platform.

Soil-dwelling mites and especially Gamasina (Mesostigmata) are very important to soil ecosystems. They are one of the major groups rich in species and abundance. In order to study mesostigmatic mite fauna, soil samples were collected from different oak forests of Lordegan region. The mites were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels and then cleared in Lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's medium. This study reports on the distribution of soil mesostigmatids in Iran and world-wide. Twenty species belonging to 13 genera of five families were collected and identified. Species are listed as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918), Antennoseius (Antennoseius) bacatus Athias-Henriot, 1961, Antennoseius (Antennoseius) masoviae (Sellnick, 1943). Blattisociidae: Lasioseius youcefiAthias-Henriot, 1959. Laelapidae: Cosmolaelaps rectangularisSheals, 1962, Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903), Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883), Gaeolaelaps minor (Costa, 1968), Gaeolaelaps oreithyiae(Walter & Oliver, 1989), Haemolaelaps fenilis (Megnin, 1875), Haemolaelaps shealsi (Costa, 1968), Haemolaelaps schusteri (Hirschmann, 1966), Laelaspis kamalii Joharchi and Halliday, 2012, Laelaspis missouriensis(Ewing, 1904), Gymnolaelaps canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Gymnolaelaps obscuroides(Costa, 1968). Ologamasidae: Sessiluncus hungaricusKarg, 1964, Allogamasellus sp.; Veigaiidae: Veigaia planicola Berlese, 1882.The genusAllogamasellus and Haemolaelaps schusteri are reported for the first time for Iranian mite fauna and the male ofLaelaspis kamalii is reported for the first time for world fauna.

Introduction: Scorpion sting is one of the major health risks in many countries around the world.. Lordegan is one of the areas where several reports of scorpion stings occur. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of selected scorpions for preventive measures.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information about all the scorpion patients in Lordegan city health center during 2014-2017 Results: The results showed that the total number of scorpion stings was 2, 422, of which 1, 124 cases were female (46.4%) and 1, 298 cases were male (53.6%).Of the total number of stings, 2 deaths occurred. Death rate of the cases in this area is about.01 % in 1000 people. It’s worth noting that 2, 060 of the cases were rural (85.1%) and 362 were urban (14.9%).764 (31.5%) people’s visits to the hospital lasted less than 1 hour and 30 minutes, and 749 people (31%) stayed between 1 hour and 30 minutes to 3 hours and 909 people (37.5%) stayed more than three hours.39% of victims were stung on the leg, 35% on their arms, 20% on their trunks, 6% on their head and necks.99.9% of victims recovered from the stings, and 0.01% died from the stings. The majority of recorded stings took place from April to October. The 15- to 24-year-old age group suffered the highest number of stings, and the 65-year-old and older age group suffered the lowest number.80.6% of stings were by yellow scorpions and 19.4% by black scorpions.Conclusion: Scorpion stings are common in Lordegan, especially in the summer months. Public education, as well as the risk-reduction strategies of individuals can prevent scorpion stings.

Background and objectives: Today، collective quarrel، as a social harm، is considered as an important indicator of the existence of violence in society، which occurs between individuals and groups and threatens social security and prevents social development. Therefore، the present study was conducted aiming at investigating the social factors affecting the tendency towards collective quarrel in Lordegan city. Methodology: Research method in this study was of a survey type and the research tool was a standard questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of all 18-60-year-old individuals in Lordegan city. 384 individuals were selected using the Cochran formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method. Findings: The results of this research indicate that the relationship between the variables of aggression، civil disputes، kinship، objective experience of quarrel and gender with dependent variable is significant. Also، the results of regression analysis showed that the aggression variables and civil disputes had the highest effect on the tendency toward the collective quarrel with the beta coefficients of. 554 and. 135، respectively. Results: With increasing civil disputes، kinship، objective experience and aggression، the degree of tendency towards collective quarrel also increases.