The present study is extracted from an applied- developmental research in which this basic question is put forward: "Among various factors, what is the role of labour law in Iran's labour market and labour relations?" based on this problem the basic questions are as follows: 1. How flexible is the present law to create equilibrium in Iran's labour market? 2. How successful is the present law in proper regulation of labourrelations and creation of worker and employer satisfaction?In order to respond to these questions, first the data related to theoretical bases and findings of related studies were gathered through library reviews and their contents analysed. Second, standard rigidity indicators of JSL and EPL were used to quantitatively measure the flexibility of Iran's labour law. Third, analytical survey approach was used to evaluate the performance of labour law. The significance of differences were tested by squared x and SPSS. Research findings demonstrate that the rigidity and inflexibility of the current law (ratified in 1980) is much higher than those of the previous law (ratified in 1958) and those of other target countries. Findings of the survey performed among workers and employers prove the failure of law inregulating labour relations and creating satisfaction.It is concluded that the labour law should be amended to make it more flexible and to promote labour relations. Given the fact that any amendment requires a change of attitude towards labour relations and the interests of workers and employers, partnership relation model (PRM) is recommended for labour relations in Iran.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Whereas the labour inspection system is a public function and a responsibility of government, therefore, the necessity dictates that labour inspectors shall be composed of public qualified officials, and they also have executive, regulatory, advisory, corrective, making policy and preventive important duties. Hence, In order to enforce these duties in premises, they, in addition to have certain rights and powers, should enjoy the stability and independence of the employment, so that they exercise their duties and powers in impartial manner and free of undue pressures and constraints from outside the system, in order to protect the manpower, economic sources and environment of work that are, nowadays, considered as essential elements of sustainable developments. Therefore, labour inspectors, as representatives of the State in thr world of work, are empowered considerable rights legal powers that their proper enforcement of these rights and duties constitutes the fundamental to the authority of inspectors and inspection system as a whole. Instead of these rights and powers, labour inspectors also undertake the obligations that consist of: the compliance to the principle of the impartiality in the process of the inspections, preservation of professional secrecies concerned with employers, confidentiality regarding the source of complaints and professionalism and competency.

Background and aim: Using of some methods that regulate uterine contraction and accelerate labor is necessary. One of these methods is mother's position in active phase of labour. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mother's position in active phase of labour on length of active phase, Apgar score and type of delivery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, a total of 200 pregnant women who referred to Emam Khomeyni hospital of Falavarjan were selected using simple method. They subsequently, were randomly divided in 4 groups of lateral, sitting, ambulating, and tree position. (Each group consisted of 50 women). Sampling was done during labor and a questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was descriptive and analytic statistic and the software used in this research was SPSS.Results: The length of active phase in primipara, mulripara, the 5 minute Apgar, the length of the active phase in partial cephalo pelvic disproportion (CPD) and the type of delivery all were 3.57±0.52, 2.23±0.3, 2.46±0.25, and 2.25±0.16 hours, respectively. The length of "active phase in primipara was more than that in 3 others (P<0.01). Also, the mean of the second phase of pregnancy in these two groups was more than the earlier one (P<0.01). There was no difference among the four groups in the case of Apgar. However, Apgar of 8-10 in the fifth minutes in the sleep group was more than that of the other groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Regarding the findings of this research, the mother's position except lateral position can effectively decrease the length of the active phase of labor, improve the 5 minute Apgar score and decrease rate of c/s. Mothers position in labor also improve the length of the active phase of labor in woman with partial cephalo pelvic disproportion (CPD).

Objective: Precise assessment of cervical conditions before labor induction is crucial for predicting the success of normal vaginal delivery. The cervix primary condition has a significant value in determining the succession of induction of labour. Traditionally, assessment of cervix before induction has been based on a cervix digital examination using Bishop's scoring method.This study compares transvaginal ultrasonographic (TVS) cervical assessment with the traditional Bishop score in nulliparous women undergoing labor induction, aiming to evaluate their predictive abilities for labor dystocia. Materials and methods: In a prospective observational study of 200 pregnant women at Al Hussein University Hospital between October 2022 and July 2023, cervical length, funneling, and posterior cervical angle were measured using transvaginal ultrasound. The Bishop score was recorded before induction. Statistical analyses, including Student's "t"-test and ROC curve, were conducted using SPSS. Results: 68% delivered via normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and 32% via cesarean section (CS). The NVD group exhibited significantly higher Bishop scores (6.82±1.36 vs 3.70±0.94), lower cervical length (25.46±3.99 vs 37.34±2.09),and higher cervical angle (121.39±5.70 vs 89.01±6.09), than the CS group. ROC curve analysis revealed that a Bishop score ≥4.5 had 89% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity, a cervical angle ≥ 92.5 had 98.5% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity, and a cervical length ≥31.5 had 96.9% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity for predicting NVD. Conclusion: The posterior cervical angle, alongside cervical length, proves to be a more sensitive indicator for predicting labor dystocia during induction compared to the traditional Bishop score.

Introduction: Starting to work from an early age may have adverse consequences on health. Working children are at risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases due to their occupational hazards. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia of labour children.Methods: This cross-sectional study performed on 83 working children and 91 non-working children in Kermanshah.Anthropometric parameters were measured using standard tools.2 ml fasting blood sample obtained from the participants for measurement of biomarkers such as CBC, ferritin, HIV antigen and HVB. Statistical analysis performed using t-Test between two groups.Results: Ferritin deficiency in working children was more than triple compare to the non-working children (17.5% v.s.5.7% and P=0.04). Most of the working children showed low haemoglobin level and high prevalence of IDA (P=0.5). Prevalence of iron deficiency in working children was more than double in the non-working children (28% vs 11.3%, P=0.01). More than 20% of working children had Lower MCV than normal level. MCHC in 3.7%, and PLT (Platelets) in 1.2% of working children was less than normal level. There was a significant relationship between the economic status of the families and the starting age to work among the working children (P=0.03).Conclusions: Due to high prevalence of anaemia in working children than others, the adverse effects of working in childhood on the health status need more attention.Supporting low-income households is recommended to improve health and well growing as well as preventing children life treating hazardous jobs from an early age.