With respect to uncertainties in projects and the need to optimum allocation of resources, Risk management (RM) is considered as an important phase of the project management (PM) process. As well, ranking risk’s (RR) of the project is the critical step of the risk analysis phase in a RM. Risk ranking is the process of prioritizing the risks with the use of some criterions. In most standard methods only two indexes, probability of occurrence and consequence of risks, are being used in the risk analysis and risk ranking. Some other indexes such as “uncertainty of estimates” and “ability to response” have been used by some other researchers. There are both qualitative and quantitative methods to rank different risks of a project. Within this article, various MADM methodologies, as quantitative approaches, are studied in order to rank the risks of the projects. Each MADM methodology has its own limitations and attributes, and the decision maker cannot use them in all decision-making problems. Using MADM methodology to priority different alternatives of a decision problem needs to consider both the characteristics of the chosen methodology and attributes of the problem itself. Despite, reaching to wrong priorities of the alternatives would be unavoidable. Therefore, different MADM methods are studied from point of using them in a RR problem. Appropriate MADM methods for this purpose are discussed in this paper. It is shown that only compensatory methods can be used in a RR problem. Finally, a real world case study, ranking risks of a power plant renovation project, is presented. To solve the problem, four criteria are considered; including probability of occurrence, consequence of risk, ability to response, and uncertainty of estimates. The TOPSIS algorithm is implemented to solve the problem in the case study. It is suggested to implement more studies to find the most suitable MADM method for the purpose of ranking project risks.

Today, the quality of measurement data is more important than ever. It depends on the statistical characteristics of repeated measurements performed under stable conditions in a measurement system. In other words, the quality of the measurement system is of particular importance because it can even overshadow the uctuations of the production process. If the quality of the measurement system and the resulting sampling gures are low, the process analysis will not be valid and the correct decision cannot be made to increase the quality. In this respect, the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) technique can be used to make proper decision along with using the new and hybrid method of analysis and guidance systems. One of the basic principles of any organization is to ensure that the data are obtained from measuring its products. If the quality of the measurement system is poor and, as a result, the quality of the resulting data is poor, the analysis of the process will not be valid and there may be incorrect decisions about whether or not to accept it and the costs involved will obviously be high. Numerous models have been developed to support decision-making processes over the years. As one of the research areas of operations research and management, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) can be a solution for evaluating and ranking options from the best to the worst. The worst-case conditions under con icting criteria with regard to decision-making priorities should be found. Decision-making is one of the key tasks of management. Comparison of dierent measurement systems can also be very helpful in selecting the contractor to reduce the risk of production or decisionmaking. For this purpose, various MCDM methods in the analysis of measurement systems have been used. The method of this research is descriptive-library type such that by developing basic models collected from articles and reference books, we present a new model and select the best option using MADM technique. These indices were obtained by CRITIC method and then, the options were ranked using fuzzy summing method.

According to commerce ministry management’s foremost need for a model to appraise provincial commerce organizations, creating a quantitative model for appraising and ranking of provincial commerce organizations by compensatory multi attribute decision making (MADM) methods like “SAW, TOPSIS, classic taxonomy and non classic taxonomy” is core goal of this research. Ranking of provincial commerce organizations requires identifying effective attributes. The tasks, the authority’s limit and similar organizations appraisal models were studied and finally based on specialist thoughts, percent of official personnel to all personnel, quantity of personnel’s education, quantity of personnel, percent of explored wrongdoer units to quantity of inspections, percent of explored economic offenses to quantity of inspections, budget figure and quality of website services were preferred as research attributes. The research model was designed based on the soft decision techniques. After model designing, for premise limit time (2003), data was gathered by interviewing, evidence and statistical questionnaire. Aforesaid data situated on the model after doing some process on them. For analyzing research conclusions, “spearman rank correlation test” and “coefficient of variation” were used and recognized that “non classic taxonomy” is the most consistent technique to appraise choices. The aforementioned method, in favor of its instructive knowledge has ranked homogenous provincial commerce organizations with identifying seven non homogenous choices at some point in three stages. Therefore, “Hamedan provincial commerce organization” achieved the first position through homogenous choices.

Introduction: The phenomenon of deforestation is considered seriously by researchers as one of the most important issues in forest management. So far, many efforts have been made to identify the causes of deforestation and effective solutions have been proposed to reduce it. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the causes of deforestation of the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran. The results of this research can provide a basis for understanding the conditions facing Hyrcanian forest management and help managers to make more detailed plans.Material and methods: In this research, group decision making was used to identify and rank the causes of deforestation. For this purpose, two types of questionnaires were designed. The first questionnaire was used to identify causes of deforestation of Hyrcanian forest while the second questionnaire was developed with the aim of Pairwise comparisons. The data obtained from the second questionnaire was used to rank the causes of deforestation in the Hyrcanian forests using the AHP, TOPSIS, ELECTRE III and SAW methods. Finally, to achieve accurate ranking, the final ranking was done using integration methods.Results and discussion: The results showed that the weight of anthropogenic deforestation causes is much greater than the weight of natural deforestation causes; the weight of anthropogenic destruction factors was much more than natural factors. This shows that a large percentage of forest destruction in Hyrcanian forest is result of mismanagement of this forest and many human destruction factors can be stopped or modified and, while the natural factors are lower and under control, those effects can also be modified. Among the human causes of deforestation, illegal timber harvesting, invasion of forests, livestock grazing in forests and timber harvesting were the most important causes of deforestation according to forestry projects. After these factors, harvesting of wood for fuel, arson or spontaneous fires, early replacement of management and non-systematic exploitation of forests and construction development activities (road construction) were the main causes of deforestation in Hyrcanian forests.The most important of these deforestation causes were pests and spontaneous fires, respectively. In all four ranking methods (AHP, TOPSIS, ELECTRE III and SAW) ranked first to fourth respectively invasion of forested areas, The presence of livestock in the forest, illegally harvesting of wood from the forest and harvest wood as fuel, respectively. This indicates that these factors’ ranks have high stability and the total weight of each of these factors is high compared to the next factor, which means the impact of these factors on the destruction of the Hyrcanian forest is important.Conclusion: The results showed that success in the Hyrcanian forest protection plans depends on the cooperation of local and indigenous communities; because many of the environmental threats that cause destruction of the forests are the result of human activities, the success in most natural resource-related and the environmental projects depends on economic and social situations associated with the local and indigenous community living in the region.

The VIKOR method was developed for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). It determines the compromise ranking list and the compromise solution obtained with the initial weights. This method focuses on ranking and selecting from a set of alternatives in the presence of conflicting criteria. It introduces the multi-criteria ranking index based on the particular measure of ‘ ‘ closeness” to the “ Ideal” solution. The aim of this paper is to extend the VIKOR method for decision making problems with interval number. The extended VIKOR method’ s ranking is obtained through comparison of interval numbers and for doing the comparisons between intervals. In the end, a numerical example illustrates and clarifies the main results developed in this paper.

Assessment of risks is a key task in the project management. In this process, Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) approach can be utilized to identify project relevant risks. In the previous classical method, only Limited number of attributes is considered in the evaluation that can cause unreliable results. In this paper, an attempt has been made to introduce and involve a relatively comprehensive set of attributes for applying in Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) techniques. Using this model, the risks of tunneling construction in the Seimareh dam project, located in South-West of Iran, are assessed and ranked. For the collection of experts' judgments, group decision making method by conducting various decision panels was applied. Also for the risk ranking, Linear Assignment (LA), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Simple Additive Weighted (SAW) methods were considered. Final ranking of the risks was computed using integration methods. It was concluded that the risks economical factors and guarantee are the project most and least critical risks, respectively.

Introduction: Oil and gas industry with respect to the quality and quantity of raw materials, intermediate and final products, as well as having three properties of high complexity, low flexibility and high vulnerability are critical industries and occurrence of an event in aspects of human, environmental and economic can be disaster. The overall benefits of this research could be defined as assessing the HSE performance quantitatively based on the multi attributes decision making method in order to create a motivation for different gas companies to make them improve themselves.Material and method: This work started with observing the processes of the sites of 4 groups of companies in the Iran National Gas Company namely: Provincial Gas, Development & Engineering, Gas Distribution and Refinery, gathering and classifying the effective parameters on HSE management system along with hard-work parameters too. Then the data was analyzed with TOPSIS method.Results: Analyzing gathered data and indexes by TOPSIS was resulted to ranking the studied companies as follow: with the final score of 0.74, 0.55, 0.40 and 0.19 from 1 respectively. Conclusion: In this study to compare the performance of the gas companies, 29 indicators (23 HSE indicators, and 6 indicators of hard work) were developed and TOPSIS method were used to rank mentioned companies.