From the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Ferulago Bernardii (Apiaceae) four coumarins, namely prantschimgin 1, oxypeucedanin 2, psoralen 3 and umbelliferone 4; β-sitosterol 5; and nonacosane 6 were isolated by Column Chromatography (CC), Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) and crystallization. The structures were elucidated by melting point, UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR spectra. The presence of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 in some others Ferulago species could be used as chemotaxonomic marker in genus Ferulago. This is the first report on phytochemical analysis of Ferulago Bernardii Tomk. & M. Pimen.  

Background: Euphorbiaceae family is a large family of medical plants, containing over 800 species. This rather important family of plants could be used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and neuralgia. Euphorbia microsciada has not yet undergone phytochemical studies, thus, the present study was achieved. Materials and methods: It was an exploratory study. The plant was obtained form Kohak region in Qom-Kashan road. Extraction was performed by maceration in methanol. Extracts was finally dried and using silica gel column chromatography and various solvents, separation and then identification of constitutes were carried out. Techniques of NMR, Mass, IR and UV were employed for this purpose. Results: Four fractions were obtained from the extract, which were Ma7, MgIII, MgIV, and Md70. Structural determination showed the presence of linear alkane, nonacosane in fraction Ma7. In fraction MgIII, the terpenoid β-sitosterol was identified and in fraction MgIV, cycloclarkeanol was isolated. Nothing was identified from Md70 fraction. Conclusion: For the first time nonacosane, terpenoid β-sitosterol, and cycloclarkeanol were isolated from Euphorbia microsciada

Hydrocarbons and hydroxy-fatty acids are two main components of wax in Euphorbia larica The major hydrocarbons compounds of the wax are including pentacosane, heptacosane and nonacosane. The fatty acid fraction of the wax are consisted of hydroxy-acids such as 2-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,1- (2-hydroxy)-1-propanoic acid and 2-methyl -1,3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylene propanoic acid.

Purpose: Marrubium crassidens, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, was studied for its volatile components present in the aerial parts of the plant during the flowering stage.Methods: The essential oil of the plant obtained through hydrodistillation of the dried plant material was assessed for its chemical composition by GC/MS and GC-FID analyses.Results: Twenty-five compounds were identified, which constituted 94.3% of the total oil composition. The major components were identified as, m-tolualdehyde (23.3%), acetophenone (15.8%), nonacosane (13.1%), docosane (7.2%), o-tolualdehyde (4.1%), b-caryophyllene (3.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.4%). Non-terpenoids with 75.7% were the most abundant components of the essential oil.Conclusion: Overall, M. crassidens essential oil revealed to include rather higher proportions of non-terpenoid compounds compared with other species of genus Marrubium.

Solubility of high molecular weight n-paraffins in supercritical carbon dioxide has been a matter of interest to many researchers. However, not sufficient solubility experimental data are available although the methods by which the experimental data are obtained have many varieties. Utilizing cubic equations of state is an effective method for solubility prediction of  n-paraffin's in supercritical fluids. In this work, five cubic equations of state (EOS) are employed to predict the solubility of six high molecular weight n-paraffins: n-tetracosane, n-pentacosane, n-hexacosane, n-heptacosane, n-octacosane and n-nonacosane, in supercritical carbon dioxide. The EOSs used are van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong and MohsenNia-Modarress-Mansoori (MMM) as two-parameter EOSs and Soave and Peng-Robinson as three-parameter EOSs. The results show that the two-parameter MMM EOS is more accurate in solubility prediction than the other EOSs.

Background and Objectives: Essential and minor components of the goat milk are unique ingredients in production of various food products. In this study, characteristics of Nodooshan goat milk were investigated and volatile compounds were identified in traditional Nodooshan goat cheese during ripening. Materials & Methods: Physicochemical tests were carried out on raw milk, fresh cheese and ripened cheese in brine. Moreover, lipolysis and analysis of the fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of the various cheese samples were carried out using GC-MS. Results: Results of the physicochemical tests on fresh raw milk, fresh cheese and ripened cheeses in brine (1 and 2 months) showed that sample appearance, color, smell and taste were according to National Iranian Standards ripened cheese samples were rich in fat, protein, moisture and salt. Analysis of the fatty acid composition demonstrated that the predominant saturated fatty acid content in all samples was palmitic acid (C16: 0) and the dominant unsaturated fatty acid in all samples was oleic acid (C18: 1). Furthermore, the major volatile components in fresh and ripened cheeses in brine were detected using GC/MS. Conclusion: Based on results from this study, fatty acid profile of the cheese changes during the ripening. Moreover, variety of the volatile compounds in ripening increases but the number of these compounds decreases.