With the aim of identifying and prioritizing the needs of the young elites and the typology of this group, the current research identified the needs of the elites in the framework of the Q method, while conducting in-depth interviews with the elites and examining the available resources. In the second part, 62 young university elites completed the final questionnaire. Then, four mental patterns were obtained. According to the findings, the "supportive elites" are mostly looking for support and facilities for livelihood, research, recruitment etc., and they adapt themselves well to quantitative criteria to obtain support and facilities. "Participating elites" believe that the existing support should be appropriate to the dignity and special conditions of each elite. This group needs to provide the basis for their influence through interaction with different levels of governance and with other elites. "Individual elites" seek public support in the fields of livelihood, research, and equipment, and prefer short-term and economic support to long-term and targeted facilities. "Operational elites" are also mainly looking for specific and targeted support such as commercialization of products, creation of knowledge-based businesses and application of research. Finally, operational and policy proposals were presented to meet these needs.

Objectives Older adults have different needs and receive different supports. Community-dwelling older adults in Iran often do not receive organized psycho-social support. This study aimed to investigate the psycho-social needs of community-dwelling older adults in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Methods & Materials This is a qualitative study conducted in 2023 using the conventional content analysis method. Twenty-five people (16 community-dwelling older adults and 9 experts) in Kerman were interviewed, who were selected purposefully with maximum variation. Data analysis was done using the conventional content analysis method. To assess the trustworthiness of the data, Guba and Lincoln’s four criteria were used.   Results Data analysis led to the extraction of five main themes and 25 sub-themes. The main themes were social inclusion and aging excellence, safe and peaceful life, reduced structural problems, age-conscious society, and attention to the double problems of aging. Conclusion Community-dwelling older adults in Kerman have psychosocial needs that have not been adequately addressed. Meeting these needs can improve their quality of life and psycho-social health.

This explorative study tries to explore the concept of human needs from the Quran's perspective. Human needs is an important issue in personality psychology and theoreticians like H. Murray, K. D. Horney, and A. Mazlow have paid considerable attention to the issue. The author be lives that in a long and continual process of criticizing and reorganizing such studies, gradually different parts of psychology from an Islamic perspective, could be provided. Therefore, if researchers start to explore different aspects of psychology with the same perspective, then in long term it would be possible to create a gestalt of the Islamic psychology.

Objective(s): To investigate the characteristics of an appropriate need assessment model and also to determine the most applicable need assessment models according to the viewpoints of health directors and experts in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Methods: In this descriptive-qualitative research 40 health directors and their assistants and 40 staff experts of health and Therapeutic Network in Isfahan were studied .The data were collected through a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by content validity and its reliability by test-retest. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS software using frequency distribution and ch2 test. Results: The proper patterns for need assessment of the staff organization needs have the following characteristic: They define need as the distance between the existing and the desired situations, consider appointment, employees and goals as need assessment sources, use questionnaire and direct observation as need assessment tools, recognize need in district level and job, consider the participation rate of employees as the criterion for determination of the model, apply need assessment timing in several steps, gather people representatives at special places as the most suitable location, use Delphi methods as the most suitable executive method, apply compositional patterns and purpose axis patterns as the most applicable models. Conclusion: Educational need assessment is the first and most steps in educational planning in medical education and health system. Determining the needs based on precise patterns and techniques can increase the effectiveness and quality of planning in this system.

Background and aim: To establish an appropriate dental preventive program, relevant data should be collected from all over the country. The aim of the present study was to find out the care index, treatment needs and DMFT score and its related factors in 12 year – old male and females students studying in Karaj middle schools in 2004.materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross sectional surrey in 4 educational districts of Karaj on 768 students. Study samples were chosen through multi stage random sampling from public and private schools. The questionnaire and study forms were filled through inter view with students and their dental examination. All the examinations were carried out in a well – lit classroom with sterile packed instruments, mask and glove DMFT was calculated by the WHO criteria Some of the related factors were frequency of dental examination, the number ofthe students siblings, mouth breathing, socio economic status of the family the prevalence at problem in samples established and confidence in terval in society was estimated. The role of the related factors was statistically analyzed with chi squarettest.Results: Total samples were 768 people (384 male and 384 female). DMFT was 2.67±2.2 in girls and 3.59±2.59 in boys. Treatment needs and care index was %85/74 and %11/8 in girls and %93.54 and%5.94 in boys respectively.%21.9 girls and%13.55 boys were caries free in this study mothers occupation (P<0/03 in girls and P<0/005 in boys), birth rank (P<0/025 in boys), mouth breathing (p< 0/025), frequency of dental examination (P<0/008 in girls), were significantly related to DMFT. In girls a significant relation ship was found between the type of school and DMFT (P<0/0011).Conclusions: DMFT score was high er than WHO goals specially in boys and education in preventive and treatment fields is recommended. Also, more re search is recommended in the related factors field.

Background and objective: Not satisfying needs of organizations’ staff has direct relationship with their low output, poor profitability and failure in materializing their objective. As a result, personnel needs should be considered to motivate them. The present research aims at reviewing the needs of police officers working for IRIPU.Method: The research was of applied type, and method used in it was of survey and analytical type. The theoretical basis of the research was Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Statistical population has been all police officers working for IRIPU in 2008. Of these 140 were randomly selected based on Cochran formula. Standard questionnaire was used for collecting data.SPSS was used for analyzing data; moreover, McNemar’s test, c2 , and Mann–Whitney U techniques, as well.Finding: IRIPU police officers’ needs priorities were as follows: IRIPU police officers and male police officers: 1-self-actualization, 2-respect, 3-social, 4-safety, 5-physiological. Female police officers: 1-respect, 2- social, 3- self-actualization, 4-safety, 5-physiological. Police officers with MA degrees and higher: 1-self-actualization, 2- respect, 3- social, 4-safety, 5- physiological. Police officer with associate degree and lower: 1-respect, 2- self- actualization, 3-social, 4- safety, 5- physiological.Conclusion: Priority of IRIPU police officers’needs levels are completely unlike Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.