The main purpose of this paper is to explore the phonotactic structure of the Turkish phonological system on the basis of an extensive Turkish linguistic corpus. In a descriptive study, the distribution of Turkish consonants in onset and coda positions as well as consonantal sequences across syllable boundary (in c. c) and coda clusters (in cvcc syllable were examined. Results showed that stops and affricates in syllable onset position are most frequent, which is in line with the hierarchy of sonority scale assumed by the constraint *ONSET/X (Selkirk, 1984). Furthermore, the study of sound sequences in various syllable structures revealed that sonorants are more frequent than stops in coda position (in cvc), and also closer to syllable head than stops in coda clusters (in cvcc). This finding contradicts the predictions assumed by the constraint *CODA/X. Further results indicated that the distribution of Turkish consonants in coda clusters (in cvcc) are in conformity with the Sonority Sequencing Principle with the least marked phonotactic structure. However, the distribution of consonants across syllable boundary (in c. c) involves various consonantal sequences including those which belong to the same or similar natural class of consonants.

This essay is an attempt to study the literature devices in Khaghani"s Divan which are used widely and repetition of the morpheme is its major constructive element. At first, the issue which is put on the sharp focus is that all the issues regarded as literature devices are in deed some kinds of artistic repetition or phonetics because their common aspect is only the repetition of the voice used by the poets widely, with especial skills. In the distribution and repetition order, the poet repeats the morphemes freely when he / she sees it appropriate in any part of the poetry but, the voices are repeated based on the specified order in any parts of the poets in homophony, inversion, derivation, epanalepsis etc… .In homophony, for example, the voices are repeated in parallel words. In derivation or inversion the voices are interchanged. In epanalepsis, the specified voices are used in especial places as the particular words. Khaghani, with his skillfulness in language and words, have use all the styles and skills in order to create the meaning and apparent arrangement widely and skillfully. It should be said that the coordination of most of these methods and total structure in considerable. The internal and figurative music can boost it.

The study aimed at exploring phonotactics in Sistani Balouchi dialect based on Generative Phonology. A corpus was collected from a number of Sistani Balouch speakers. The results showed that there are consonant clusters both in onset and coda. These consonant clusters include constraints in onset and coda. Therefore, consonants which have [-sonorant] feature cannot occur as the second member of the onset in simple and compound words. Also, two consonants with the same place of articulation cannot make cluster in onset. [r] and [w] as the second member of onset and [n] and [r] as the first member of coda are the most frequent consonants, respectively. The low and front vowel [a] is the most frequent as the nucleus of syllables which have cluster in onset and coda. Obstruents, nasals and liquids are the most frequent as the second member in coda. Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is verified in consonant clusters of the onset and the codas which have long vowels of [i, e: , u, o: , ɑ ] as the nucleus but SSP may be rejected in consonant clusters of the codas which have short vowels of [a, ɩ , ʊ ] as the nucleus.

In the first part of the article, we looked at the distribution of nasals in Persian (: m & n) to determine how they are distributed in consonant clusters. The results suggest that there is a strong tendency among nasals to be complementarily distributed in the consonant clusters of etymologically Persian words. In the second part of the article, we asked, what are the distributional-phonological characteristics of loanwords in Persian? The results suggest that the distribution of phonological features of loanwords tends to be more dispersed and more balanced than the corresponding features in etymologically Persian words. However, if in the process of borrowing new words, a specific morphological structure of the donor language has been extensively borrowed by the recipient language, such distinctions have been weakening. Furthermore, we suggested that multiple donor languages and the randomness of the borrowing process are two reasons why phonological features of loanwords are more dispersed and more balanced. We also explained why the nC cluster is the most frequent nasal cluster in Persian. We suggested that the reason lies in the fact that n has an oral stop stricture, a property that has been ignored in the description of nasals, which makes it a proper candidate to co-occur with 16 obstruent consonants of Persian. Our data came from a lemmatized corpus-driven list of words, which contains 55000 words.

In this paper, past stem of a number of Persian verbs which seem to be irregular have been investigated in OT theory based on Persian phonotactics.The research questions include: 1) How Persian phonotactics rules are applied to analyze past stems' segment sequences? 2) What phonological processes are applicable to preserve Persian phonotactics patterns after adding past morpheme? To answer these questions, 36 verbs which their final syllables are heavy (cv: cc) are taken into consideration according to syllable structure and phonotactics. In sum, the findings demonstrated that: a) these cases are completely regular and entirely consistent with the Persian phonotactic rules; b) there is a close relation between the nucleus of thec v: cc syllables and their final cluster; c) initial and final consonants play an indispensable role in cv: cc syllable and d) these stems obey sound sonority principle (SSP).

The present article aims at studying the vowels of Persian Language and their phonotactic differences. Many Iranian linguists divide the vowels of Persian into two categories, the long vowels, which have two time-values, and the short ones which have one time-value. The long vowels are twice the short vowels in time of articulation. However, vowel duration is not sensed clearly in written or spoken Farsi. It is just noticed when scanning meter and rhythm of classical poems like that of, say, Hafiz, Sa’di, and Mowlavi. Dividing a line of a poem is done based on the length and duration of the syllables. The present article investigates the binarity (phonotactically) of the vowel classes in Farsi. We studied the consonantal clusters following the six vowels in different structures. According to the findings of the research, the vowels, and the vowels make two natural classes.

Native speakers represent new concepts by semantic expansion or by creating new lexemes based on their language intuition. Usually unconscious word-formation is phonologically unmarked; therefore, there is a direct relation between the unmarkedness of the phonological structure of the lexemes and their frequencies. Based on the statistical analysis of 500000 Persian words, this study tries to give the spectrum of markedness in phonological structure and phonotactics of the lexemes. The findings of this study illustrate that in conscious word-formation if the newly formed word benefits an unmarked phonological structure, the native speakers will welcome it. Otherwise, conscious word-formation, at least phonologically, will not be successful.

Comparative analysis of succession of genitives between Arabic and Persian succession of genitives means mentioned consecutive words. Some Arabic rhetoricians have mentioned it causes disruption and some other rhetoricians believes it causes the elegant in the text. But today, in Persian literature, there is aesthetic theory to succession of genitives, and it makes the text beauty. This article tries to determine the reasons defferent views Arabic rhetoricians with persian rhetoricians about succession of genitives, using rhetorical-comparative method, and determining differences and similarities of its in both languages. Grammatical features in Arabic and Persian are not the same, so it is affective in disruption Or beauty. Obvious difference in succession of genitives in Arabic compared with Persian, repeat of kasreh and its musical. Also diversity consecutive words in Persian language more than Arabic language, for example, detached pronoun for firs person and demonstratives can be seen among the evidences of Persian succession of genitives, but we cant find them in Arabic succession of genitives, so it(succession of genitives) seams more applications in Persian.

Phonotactics of consonant cluster has been concerned in phonology by some linguist in last decades. In some studies sonority has been focused and in some others, other features like voice or continuance. Since the consonants may not come together because of some place of articulation feature, manner of articulation or voice features, The study is concerned with homogeneity in voice or continuance feature in Persian final cluster. In the present study 625 mono syllable Persian words with CVCC syllable structure (more than 90% of the Persian words with such structure), have been studied to extract rules and constraints in this regard. The study shows Persian has a tendency to have final consonant cluster with heterogeneity in voice in general and voice homogeneity in particular. The study has also showed there is significant difference in frequency of consonants where they appear in normal spoken or written Persian, or in consonant clusters. The study has also counted and indicated the frequency of each consonant in first and second placement of the clusters as well as their relationship with each vowel in the studied syllable.

This research aims to study the phonotactics of Old Persian, based on Kent (1953) studies and verify the syllable structure in this language. Then sonority sequencing principle is being verified. For this purpose, all the consonant sequences in Old Persian texts in different positions of the words were extracted. According to syllabification principles, consonant clusters are identified and compared with sonority sequencing principle. Based on the data obtained, except when each of s and ŝ is present in the clusters, data are confirmed to the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable structure in Old Persian is (c)(c)(c) v (c)(c).