The present article criticizes the book “ Phenomenology and Mysticism” by Anthony J. Steinbock. The writer has tried to identify religious and mystical experiences by the use of phenomenological’ s style and helping from concepts such as “ evidence” , “ phenomenological’ s reduction” and “ intention” . Steinbock’ s main concern is to consider the reaction between the Phenomenology and theology to make a connection and relation among the vast range of religious beliefs with philosophical problems such as “ evidence” , “ selfhood” , and “ otherness” . Lack of stability in his point of view, inability in sufficient analysis, contradiction in terms, etc. weaken his attitude in this book. Furthermore, this book contains problems in content and writing considered as a serious downsides of the book.

In this paper I return to the familiar territory of the Lord-Bondsman "dialectic" in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in order to raise the question of the relation of Hegel's use of the theme of recognition there to Fichte's. Fichte had introduced the notion of recognition in his Foundations of Natural Right, to "deduce" the social existence of humans within relations of mutual recognition as a necessary condition of their very self-consciousness. However, there it also functioned as part of a solution to a problem within the work on which the theory of rights was meant to be based, the earlier Foundation of the Complete Wissenschaftslehre of 1794-5. In Hegel's classic account in chapter 4 of the Phenomenology we find recognition offered as a solution to a problem within an account of "self-consciousness" that has a number of clearly Fichtean features. But I suggest that to the degree that the lord-bondsman episode there expresses any "theory of recognition", it is not Hegel’s own theory but rather his interpretation of Fichte's, a theory of which he is critical. Freed from this misleading assumption that the "lord-bondsman dialectic" represents something deep about Hegel's own philosophy, we might then be more able to get clearer about Hegel's actual views about recognition and the role it plays in his own philosophy.

Two traps currently ensnare Heideggerian scholarship: the “language trap” and the “being trap”. To avoid them, the text argues we should follow Heidegger’s important indication that movement (aka ex-sistential becoming or Zeit) determines all forms of meaning (aka the significance of things or Sein). This requires a radical rewriting of the terminology and the structure of Zeitlichkeit in § 65 of Sein und Zeit. The text also argues for moving beyond Heidegger’s early and late formulations of fundamental ontology and into a meta- ontological ethics that would apply to the economic, social, and political worlds in which we live our daily lives.

Phenomenology is a way to understand your perceptions without the slightest judgment. This method was born of the reflections of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl, which was modified by thinkers such as Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau Ponty. It was also criticized by later thinkers and critics and used in various fields, including theology. The book "Introduction to Phenomenology" (2010), which is an educational text, clearly and in detail describes the development of this way of thinking, which was considered a rebellion against positivism and tried to save the humanities from the domination of the physical attitude. This book, focusing on the four main thinkers of Phenomenology, follows the development of this knowledge and its dimensions to this day.

Today’s Housing designs, despite of their positive values and ignorance to its concepts, are in contrast with the real life and environment. In the ideal situation to overcome the deficiencies and defects is through real experiments. While today’s architecture is going in this direction, the indigenous housing rather than disregarding life needs and struggle with geographical variables, is very well aware of originality of life and potential environment which have been form in harmony. Good example of this architecture can be seen in rural houses. This kind of architecture which has relatively fixed and sustainable principles did not change easily. Their changes were often slowly from inside and among the long period time. One of the most important features of the rural architecture is considering the design consistent with people’s natural needs, environment and their routine activities, such as type of livelihood spaces. This type of housing which include the living and working spaces present the attention of the architecture to the people’s life, their needs and the physical space which have been created harmony with the life story of the rural residence. Having consider their life, needs and harmony with the natural environment, has resulted to form different kinds of housing, such as tent, arbor, temporary seasonal and permanent houses. Rural architecture, which include housing or public spaces such as cisterns, refrigerators, wind and water mills, pigeon-house (for plants fertility and growth) reservoir and … are clear instances of people’s life. This is similar to a great encyclopedia showing its builder’s worldviews and knowledge. Paying attention to the villages, rural housing and the architecture which is resulted from the human temperament and natural environment around it, could be an appropriate guide for today’s architects to design rural housing. But to start such an approach needs the knowledge on rural housing Phenomenology and a new reference to its essence and identity. Such process is an important step towards understanding and cognition of the total subject and could be conducted to achieve the suitable rural housing principles.

We do not need to reject the “ method” to assert the thesis that we cannot achieve the truth by any method. Our study, which traces the phenomenological method in Gadamer's work called Truth and Method, unveiled his connection with Husserl and Heidegger. Because convertion and changes of the phenomenological method until it came to Gadamer took a new form in Truth and Method. In our article, although the convertion and change experienced by the phenomenological method is examined, it has been shown that Gadamer’ s connection with this method in Truth and Method and how it applies it. Truth and Method work of Gadamer, which describes the state(s) of the human being exposed to the experience of truth using the phenomenological method, has also been approached from the phenomenological projection. With Husserl, the “ truth” , which started to cease to be the thing standing in front of the subject, began to be semi-hidden in Heidegger's thought and concealed as much as it reveals itself. In both Husserl and Heidegger, the phenomenological method provides our connection with the truth. For Gadamer, “ truth” radically escapes from being the thing standing in front of the subject because he does not have the idea of the subject, but it has taken a structure that is different from the semimystical nature like Heidegger, one foot is in the past and the other is in the present and in the future, which is constantly living and dialogic. Which method did Gadamer adopt in reaching such an idea in his work titled Truth and Method, which mentions the manifestations of this “ truth” in different fields, especially in fields such as art and language, and how did that method reflect in his work? Our study, which put the question to the center, started with Husserl, continued with Heidegger and reached Gadamer. Taking Heidegger’ s philosophy as the mediator it opens the horizon to look at Husserl to Gadamer, from Gadamer to Husserl.

The phenomenological movement is one of the most important philosophical movements of the twentieth century, which arose as a result of a growing disillusionment with scientific philosophies (Shariati Mazinani, 1394).Globalization of health care has led to the formation of a new type of tourism called Health Tourism (Nemati et al., 1395). Given the fact that the city of Hamedan in the western part of the country is fast growing in terms of health care, it is prone to becoming a city attracting health tourism. This study is a qualitative descriptive study of the phenomenological type in the broader way.The research environment in this study was the Heart Hospital of Hamedan, in which 9 patients were interviewed for information saturation. The findings from the interview with the participants were the result of an attempt to explain and interpret patients' experiences of the health tourism phenomenon in order to gain a deep insight into this phenomenon. The results of the study provide a profound understanding of the cause of patients' travel, how they feel, the challenges in the strange city and how they treat them, and states that attention to the host community in the tourist environments and their satisfaction and satisfaction with these activities Health tourism development is effective.

  Application of qualitative research methods in consumer behavior is carried out through the methods such as experimental surveys, protocol interviewing, projective techniques, role-playing interview, in-depth interview, and focus groups. However, these methods only cover part of the qualitative research process. In fact, they are mostly data gathering approaches. Rigorous Understanding of qualitative and quantitative methodologies should be considered regarding their philosophical fundamentals and logical relation should exist between questions and research methodology. In case of reducing paradigm disturbance, if researcher seek experiences, meanings and insights of consumer behavior, qualitative methods should be applied (included various related schemes) such as Phenomenology and grounded theory. In this research, previous research and related literature in Phenomenology have been reviewed, in the next step, existential-Phenomenology as an alternative paradigm and purely qualitative approach for conceptualized consumer experiences have been presented. This research would result in a rigorous understanding of consumer experiences by providing a philosophical framework and qualitative methodology in marketing for marketing academic and practical managers.

In this study, interpretation of artworks in hermeneutical Phenomenology is introduced while the advantages of its methodology over current, competing commonplace viewpoints such as Structuralism, are manifested and emphasized. To this end, Ahmed Shamlou’s celebrated poem “The Wall” has been analyzed and examined. The new analysis has delved into phenomenological order, mythological, temporal, historical, and finally intersubjective domains of the meaning of the poem in a cyclic manner. Every cycle has shed some light on the meaningfulness of parts in the totality of the poem and cumulative nature of the meaning of the whole in terms of the parts in the unity and integrity of the poem. Moreover, the interplay of signifier and signified in Saussurian terms has been put into question and elevated beyond the so-called one to one relationship or correspondence between signifier and signified.