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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    55-60
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    86
  • Downloads: 

    60
Abstract: 

Introduction: Renal damage can be caused by various causes. One of them is drugs that are toxic to  the  renal,   such  as  cisplatin  (CP).   In  an  attempt  to  find  a  remedy  for  antinephrotoxicity,   several  hydrolyzed  proteins  were  investigated.   This  study  was  conducted  to  find  out  the  effects  of  8  peas  protein  hydrolysates  (PPH)  hydrolyzed  using  simple  procedure  to  renal  organ  indexes  (OIs)  and  histopathological  features  of  CP‑ induced  nephrotoxicity  Wistar  rats.   Materials and Methods: Protein hydrolysates  of  yellow  peas,   gude  beans,   green  peas,   and  pea  protein  isolate  (PPI)  which  hydrolyzed  using  neutrase  or  bromelain  were  administered  to  50  female  Wistar  rats. The  treatments  were  given  for  30  days,   and  on  day  7,   all  groups  of  rats,   except  negative  control  group,   were  injected  CP  intraperitoneal.   Renal  OIs  were  measured  and  kidneys  were  histopathological  analyzed,   which  the  results  were  converted  to  scoring  system.   Data  were  analyzed  using  ANOVA,   LSD,   Kruskal– Wallis,   and  Mann– Whitney  test.   Results: Data of renal OIs were homogenous and normally distributed but  were  not  significantly  different  between  groups  (P  >  0. 05). The  nephrotoxicity  of  CP  were  not  changing the renal OI but worsen the histopathological features of renal tubules in CP-induced rats (P  <  0. 01).   All  protein  hydrolysate  treatment  groups  showed  less  histopathological  score  than CP group. Green PPH hydrolyzed by bromelain-treatment group showed the lowest scores. Conclusion: All PPH hydrolized with neutrase or bromelain improve the CP-induced nephrotoxicity rats. Green PPH with bromelain hydrolyzed had a promising potency as antinephrotoxicity.

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Author(s): 

Journal: 

ALGAL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    65
  • Issue: 

    -
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    34
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    160-169
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1111
  • Downloads: 

    777
Abstract: 

Background and Objective: Chlorella vulgaris is a multi-cellular edible algal species with abundant proteins. Extraction of high value protein fractions for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications can significantly increase the commercial value of microalga biomasses. There is no known report on the anticancer peptides derived from the Chlorella vulgaris abundant protein.Materials and Methods: This study examined the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of peptides from a hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris protein with 62 kDa molecular weight. Protein hydrolysis was done by pepsin as a gastrointestinal protease, and was monitored through protein content measurement, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and high performance liquid chromatography measurements. Inhibitory effect of the produced peptides on Escherichia colicells and breast cancer cell lines was assayed.Results and Conclusion: Hydrolyzed peptides induced a decrease of about 34.1% in the growth of Escherichia coli, and the peptides of 3 to 5 kDa molecular weight had strong impact on the viability of breast cancer cells with IC50 value of 50 mg ml-1. The peptide fractions demonstrating antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities have the potential for use as functional food ingredients for health benefits. These results demonstrate that inexpensive algae proteins could be a new alternative to produce anticancer peptides.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    16
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    158
  • Downloads: 

    60
Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND AIM: ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE RELEASED BY HYDROLYSIS OF FOOD PROTEINS METHODS: ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ULTRAFILTRATION PEPTIDE FRACTIONS (5-10 KD, 3-5 KD, <3 KD) OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES WAS INVESTIGATED.YEAST PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES WERE OBTAINED AFTER PHYSICAL-ENZYMATIC (SONICATION-TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN HYDROLYSIS) AND AUTOLYSIS (USING ENDOGENOUS ENZYMES) TREATMENTS. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY WAS INVESTIGATED AGAINST BACILLUS CEREUS (PTCC 1015), LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES (PTCC1306), STAPHILOCOCCUS AUREUS (PTCC 1112), ESCHERICHIA COLI (PTCC 1330), AND MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS (PTCC 1110)….

Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2017
  • Volume: 

    26
  • Issue: 

    145
  • Pages: 

    371-376
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    807
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and purpose: Biological studies on marine fauna, especially invertebrates, has significantly increased in recent years which led to the identification of many different bioactive compounds. The sea cucumber are echinoderms with a very muscular body wall that contains 70% collagen and is considered a rich source of protein. Based on recent researches on bioactive compounds extracted from sea cucumber, it was found to have cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anticoagulationproperties.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to study the anticoagulant properties of hydrolysates protein in muscles of sea cucumber. Finally, the anticoagulant properties of hydrolysates protein on the human blood plasma was examined by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time anticoagulant test (APTT) in two concentrations (90 and 130 mg/ml), and Prothrombin Time (PT) in different concentrations (220, 440, 670, and 900 mg/ml).Results: The total amount of hydrolysates protein was found to be 55.8 mg/g in wet tissue. The results of anti-coagulation assays showed that the hydrolysates protein of the sea cucumber muscle contains anticoagulant properties on human blood plasma and could prolong the clotting time.Conclusion: Peptides from the hydrolysis in sea cucumber muscle have anticoagulant properties as already reported for heparin-like compounds.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    1-14
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    58
  • Downloads: 

    19
Abstract: 

Yogurt whey contains lactose, lactic acid, soluble proteins, water-soluble vitamins, especially B vitamins, and minerals. Yogurt whey proteins can be a good source of bioactive peptides. In this study, we investigated the effect of enzyme type (pepsin and trypsin), temperature (37 and 50 C) and time (120 and 240 min) of enzymatic hydrolysis on bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates prepared from yogurt whey. The results showed that increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis time from 120 to 240 min, increased the degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity (iron ion chelating activity, FRAP reducing activity and ABTS cation radical inhibitory activity) and antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes). Moreover, increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature from 37 to 50 C increased the degree of hydrolysis and decreased antioxidant activity and antibacterial property against Salmonella typhimurium. The antioxidant activity, antibacterial properties and hydrolysis degree of yogurt whey protein hydrolysates produced by trypsin were higher than those of pepsin. Two hydrolysates, were prepared with trypsin at 37 C and pepsin at 50 C for 240 min, were selected as the best samples in terms of bioactive properties.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    1 (49)
  • Pages: 

    65-74
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1528
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Some synthetic antioxidants namely BHA and BHT are used as food additives in order to improve the quality and shelf life of food. Although these antioxidants exhibit higher antioxidant activity as compared to the natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, but in relation to their safety and related aspects to health, there is a cause for concern. Therefore the use of natural antioxidants to replace the synthetic antioxidants is considered as an important aspect and research concerned with this matter has been regarded quite important. Peptides obtained from proteins hydrolysis are examples of natural antioxidants that have been discussed in recent researches.Materials and Methods: In this study protein hydrolysate was produced from soya protein isolate using Alcalase 2.41 and the effect of different hydrolysis conditions such as temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio, on degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity of the product were investigated in a completely randomized design and then the Fe++ chelating activity and reducing power of protein hydrolysate was evaluated.Results: The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed at 55oC after 210 minutes with the enzyme/substrate ratio of 90 Anson unit/ Kg substrate that was 30.27 %. Under these conditions, the Fe++ chelating activity reached its maximum concentration, whereas the Fe+++ reducing power showed the absorption of 0.15 that indicated lower value as compared to the highest obtained reducing power.Conclusion: The protein hydrolysate obtained from soya can act as a natural antioxidant with a high nutritional value and other biological properties and in appropriate concentrations might act as the synthetic antioxidants.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    26-36
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    166
  • Downloads: 

    147
Abstract: 

Background: Agrowastes like Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) pod husk can be used to prepare bioactive peptides with various bio-functionalities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE) inhibitory peptides contained in Theobroma cacao (cocoa) pod husks – an agro-waste. Methods: Protein isolated from cocoa pod husk was enzymatically digested with alcalase, pepsin, and trypsin. ACE inhibition, kinetics of ACE inhibition, and antioxidant properties of the cocoa pod husks hydrolysates were evaluated in vitro. Results: Trypsin and alcalase hydrolysates displayed higher peptide yields (63. 1% and 61. 2%) than pepsin hydrolysate (61. 2%). However, no significant difference (P>0. 05) was observed in the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the three proteases on cocoa pod husk protein. Methionine, lysine, and cysteine were the amino acid residues presented in cocoa pod husk hydrolysates. A concentration-dependent ACE inhibition by cocoa pod husk hydrolysates was observed. The highest ACE inhibitions of 84. 4%, 81. 5%, and 73. 5% were obtained at 2. 0 mg/mL of pepsin, trypsin, and alcalase hydrolysates, respectively, with the minimum IC50 value of 0. 36 mg/mL obtained for trypsin hydrolysate. An uncompetitive and mixed-type inhibition was obtained from double reciprocal plots of alcalase and pepsin as well as trypsin cocoa pod husk protein hydrolysates. The Ki values of ACE inhibition for pepsin, trypsin, and alcalase hydrolysates were 3. 05, 2. 19, and 3. 57 mg/mL, respectively. A concentration-dependent increase in the scavenging of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power were recorded for the cocoa pod husk hydrolysates. Conclusion: Trypsin and alcalase cocoa pod husk protein hydrolysates could be an effective source of a natural ACE inhibitor and antioxidant.

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Journal: 

FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    123-135
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    159
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Bio-based and nutritive food materials and compounds, especially plant-based ones are increasingly applied in different areas of research including food packaging, nutraceuticals encapsulation, functional foods, or food fortification. Quinoa with scientific name "Chenopodium quinoa Willd", unlike real grains that belong to the family Poaceae, is a pseudocereal belonging to the Amaranthaceae family of dicotyledonous or dual-leaf vegetables, and Its origin is in South America. Quinoa seeds also contain a variety of bioactive components such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and oleic acid, all of them are beneficial to human health. Quinoa, with its essential amino acids, protein content, and high protein bioavailability, can be a good alternative for plant and animal proteins in patients with celiac disease. Seventeen bioactive peptides with potential properties were isolated and identified from quinoa proteins. In recent years, much research has been done on use of quinoa and its bioactive peptides for its functional properties. Nowak et al., (2016) in study of nutrients in quinoa expressed that,Quinoa is an ancient agricultural product and can play an important role in food safety around the world. Fischer et al., (2017). In present study, amino acid sequence is extracted and quinoa protein is hydrolyzed using pancreatin enzyme and its functional properties such as emulsifying, foaming, solubility, antioxidant activity, etc. are investigated, so it can be used as a bioactive compound with nutritional and functional properties in food systems. Material and methods: Quinoa seeds purchased from National Salinity Research Center dependent to Yazd Agricultural investigation organization (Yazd, Iran), Pancreatic enzyme (active at pH of 8. 0 and temperature of 37 °, C ) and DPPH free radical prepared from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Chemical analysis, preparation of sample for protein hydrolysis For preparation from quinoa seeds and defatting by hot method and solvent extraction whole seeds were washed for 4-5 times until there was no foam in the solution that was the sense of saponins, then seeds ovendried at 45+1 ˚, C until being dry, then whole seeds were ground into flour using Miller (Proctor Silex model EI60, UPC) with a sixty-mesh screen (Elsohaimy et al., 2015). Defatting from quinoa flour was performed with Soxhlet technique and by hot solvent of hexan (normal) at a raito of 1: 4 seed flour to solvent in 9 hr. (Sá, nchez-Vioque et al., 1999). Amino acids compositions Protein samples hydrolyzed with HCI 6 N in time of 24 hours at 110 ˚, C. The excitation wavelength was 330 nm and the emission spectra were recorded at 480 nm, The analysis was carried out with a gas flow rate of 1. 3 ml/min at separation temperature of 35 °, C. Obtaining of quinoa protein concentrate at first, defatted quinoa flour was suspended in distilled water in ratio of 1: 10. Then pH of solution was adjusted to 10. 0 using NaOH at a concentration of 1 N and resulted solution was thoroughly stirred at room temperature for 60 min. During this time interval, pH was kept constant at set value to maximize proteins dissolution. The mixture was then mixed for 30 minutes at 9000 rpm at 4°, C in a centrifugal refrigerator (K241R, Pro-Research, Centurion Scientific Ltd, UK), The solid phase was then separated and pH of the supernatant was reduced to 5 using 1 N hydrochloric acid to precipitate quinoa proteins. same centrifuge operation, with above conditions was repeated again. The centrifuge precipitate, which is protein concentrate, was lyophilized with freeze dryer (Christ, Germany). And were stored in freezer at-18 °, C for subsequent experiments )Ž, ivanović,et al., 2011). Preparation of protein hydrolyzate from quinoa protein concentrate To complete enzymatic hydrolysis process, first, protein isolate sample was dispersed and dissolved in 0. 01 M phosphate buffer with pH = 7. 4 for 30 minutes at a concentration of 5% (w/v). And constant stirring at ambient temperature allowed it to be completely hydrated. Then, initial solution of pancreatin enzyme was prepared in 0. 01 M phosphate buffer, This solution was added to the protein isolated solution in ratio of enzyme to protein substrate equal to 2. 5% (w/w). Reaction temperature for pancreatin enzyme was 40 °, C and continuous stirring was performed at 200 rpm for 4 hours. After completion of enzymatic hydrolysis process, sample reaction medium was placed in a 95 °, C water bath for 15 min to inactivate enzyme and stop reaction. After that solution was cooled to ambient temperature, centrifugation was performed for 15 minutes at 9000 rpm, then supernatant solution was separated and lyophilized at a temperature of-20 °, C with an approximate pressure of 0. 1 mB, and then stored at-20 °, C until use. Results and discussion: The results were in a completely randomized design with three replications and a significance level of 5% with a moisture content of 9. 36, ash 2. 29, crude fiber 4. 6, protein 12. 51, fat 5. 36 and carbohydrate 71. 48%. Results of chemical properties, shows quinoa seeds as an excellent potential food source with functional properties and this is due to quinoa essential nutrients content (such as proteins, carbohydrate, lipid and fiber). Result of present study is in agreement with (James, 2009), which in case quinoa seeds had about 11. 2% moisture, 13. 2% protein, 9% crude fiber, 1. 2% total ash, and about 48. 2% carbohydrate, however, this amount of carbohydrate was relatively less compared to present study. previous studies have shown that average protein content in quinoa seeds varies between 12% to 23%. The highest percentage of quinoa amino acids were glutamic acid and lysine, but there was a shortage of sulfur amino acids. The highest degree of hydrolysis (19. 17%) was obtained after 180 minutes. Quinoa peptides had the lowest solubility in the isoelectric pH range and their solubility was increased in pH values below and above the isoelectric range. Quinoa bioactive peptides significantly reduced DPPH radical reduction and had high antioxidant activity (67. 8% after 6 hours of hydrolysis and decreased to 59. 8% after 8 hr). Coclusion: Overall, this study suggests that pancreatin could be employed for hydrolysis of quinoa protein and its hydrolysate with functional properties could be possibly considered for food fortification or production of functional foods. Quinoa with high percentage of protein has favorable physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties and the resulting peptides can be used as bioactive food sources in pragmatic products.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    4 (52)
  • Pages: 

    35-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1075
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: Nitrogen recovery is an important factor to evaluate the function of enzymes in protein hydrolysis and the efficiency of the hydrolysis process, which is regarded economically important. The optimization of nitrogen recovery can save time and cost therefore this research work has aimed on this aspect.Materials and Methods: In the present study, Response Surface Methodology has been employed to optimize the conditions for preparing protein hydrolysate from whey protein using the enzyme alcalase. Temperature of 43-52oC and time of 65-175 minutes and enzyme/substrate ratio of 45-90 (AU/Kg protein) were employed to achieve the maximum nitrogen recovery and experiments were designed according to the central composite design.Results: The results indicated that optimal conditions to achieve the highest nitrogen recovery were at the temperature of 47.1oC and time of 173.2 minutes, with the enzyme/ substrate ratio of 87.98 (AU/Kg protein). Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis was 70.66%. The regression coefficient for the presented model (Quadratic type) was, 0.9747. The values obtained indicated the high accuracy of the model to predict the reaction conditions with regard to different variables.Conclusion: The advances in technology have made the application of protein hydrolysate from unavailable various sources useful and available. Therefore whey protein hydrolysates as a rich source of healthy peptides with various functional properties and other desirable characteristics might be employed in food manufacturing and formulations.

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