Water quality is one of the most important factors that should be considered when evaluating the development of a region. Underground waters play an important role in the present and future functions and position of Shush country. The quality of the groundwater resources of the study area has not been evaluated so far, thus this study evaluated the groundwater resources quality of Shush country-Khuzestan province. In this study sodium, chloride, sulfate, total soluble solids, acidity, magnesium and calcium as parameters of the resources quality index contained in the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidebook were evaluated. For this purpose, after normalizing the data and plotting of variograms, spatial distribution map of these parameters were provided using Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods and the results of these methods were compared. The results showed that in all parameters the accuracy of the Kriging method was highest. In the next step, the prepared maps were combined and the groundwater quality map of the study area was prepared based on water quality standards for drinking (WHO). The results showed that 23. 67% of the groundwater in the study area was at the optimum level and 15. 29% had a quality level for drinking.

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Hemodialysis patients are at higher risk for the toxoplasmosis than healthy people and a rapid and definitive diagnosis is important in these individuals. Thus, the aim of the research was to investigate the toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis and healthy individuals in Shush County, southwest of Iran in 2016. Methods: In the research of cross-sectional, 82 hemodialysis patients (the test group) and 82 healthy individuals (the control group) were randomly selected. IgG and IgM of T. gondii were measured by the ELISA method. Results: Of 82 control group, 46 (56. 1%) and 36 (43. 9%) were males and females, respectively that of 82, 25 (30. 48%) were positive for IgG (15 (60%) and 10 (40%) for males and females, respectively). In the test group, 46 (56. 1%) and 36 (43. 9%) were males and females, respectively. Of 82, 42 (51. 21%) was positive for IgG (21 (50%) for both males and females). IgM of T. gondii was negative in both test and control groups. A significant difference was found between the test and control groups for IgG (P =0. 007) but, no significant differences were between the gender and/or the age with IgG in both test and control groups (P >. 05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of T. gondii was higher in hemodialysis patients than healthy persons. Since, hemodialysis patients have immunodeficiency; so, the health authorities of the city must pay more attention to control of the infection, especially in hemodialysis patients.

Among the many factors influencing the wheat production, environmental conditions and climate are the most important variables that need to be scrutinized. According to the talents and capacities of wheat production in the city of Shush, according to the 12 year comprehensive review of climatic and environmental factors were identified. Then based on Boolean logic in GIS environment between any of the environmental and climatic parameters were studied in wheat. Finally, wheat prone areas were identified in the city of Shush. The results indicate that the city of Wheat cultivation, favorable conditions and has the talent is, But culture is made of wheat and wheat growing areas of the north and northeast of the city, the best place for you is.

The AquaCrop model is one of the crop models for wheat yield simulation, which is used by many researchers around the world. This model is sensitive to the input parameters, and knowing the level of this sensitivity helps users to use it faster and more accurately. Considering that the sensitivity analysis of the AquaCrop model to the input parameters has so far been limited by the use of data from experimental pilots; not enough information is available to extend it to real conditions in farmers' fields. To solve this problem, the present research was conducted using data collected during four consecutive years (2020 to 2023) in Shush and Ahvaz cities, Iran. The results showed that the AquaCrop model has a high sensitivity to changes in normalized water productivity, harvest index and maximum crop coefficient for transpiration (0.2

Background: Approximately, one-third of the worlds population are in the influence of intestinal parasite infections (IPIs). The infections can cause a whole range of clinical symptoms such as watery or mucoid diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and nausea, abdominal pains, as well as a fever.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate IPIs in Shush County, southwest Iran, during 2014 - 2016.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 15132 stool samples were collected during 2014 - 2016. The stool samples were evaluated microscopically for the presence of parasite trophozoites, cysts, and eggs using direct and formalin-ether concentration methods. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and statistical Chi-square test.Results: Of the 15132 stool samples, 778 (5.14%) were positive for IPIs, where 429 (55.14%) were female and 349 (44.85%) were males, respectively.Entamoeba histolitica/dispar was detected as the most common parasite in 313 (2.06%) specimens (172 females, 141 males).Other parasites were included, 158 (1.04%) Giardia lamblia (83 females, 75 males), 150 (0.99%) Blastocystis hominis (84 females, 66 males), and 155 (1.02%) Entamoeba coli (90 females, 65 males). Furthermore, 2 (.0.013%) Trichuris trichiura were detected only in males.Conclusions: The results show that a relatively high prevalence of intestinal parasite infections were observed among individuals.Since the parasitic infections can cause malabsorption, severe diarrhea, paralytic ileum, intestinal obstruction, cholecystitis, liver inflammation, pulmonary, as well as renal complications, the health authorities of Shush County must pay more attention to control and prevent the transmission of intestinal parasites to individuals.

Background: Scorpionism is one of the unpleasant topics for people. The Shush County has a suitable living environment for scorpions. This research was conducted to monitor scorpionism in Shush to provide documents to health system decision-makers.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all cases of scorpion stings were investigated who were referred to medical centers in Shush County in 2019. The data obtained from the amount of scorpion stings were classified according to gender, age groups, months of the year, type of region (urban or rural) and member exposed to scorpion stings and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test.Findings: The scorpion sting rates among women (50.3%) were higher than among men (49.7%). The highest and lowest scorpion sting rates were observed in the age groups under 15 years (30.4%) and over 65 years (1.5%), and in September (23.6%) and April (6.9%), respectively. The scorpioism rates were higher in rural areas (79.7%) compared to urban areas (20.3%). Hands (43.2%) were more likely to be stung by scorpions than legs (32.2%) and trunks (24.6%). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test did not show significant differences between scorpionism rates related to gender, age groups, urban or rural type, and organs exposed to scorpion stings. But it showed a significant difference between the scorpionism rates among months.Conclusion: The scorpionism trend gradually increased from April to September to reach its highest peak in September. Moreover, by increasing the age, scorpionism tends from its peak in the age group under 15 years, gradually achieving its minimum in the age group over 65.

Introduction Agriculture is the essential sector for promoting food security. Crop area estimation (CAE) can meet the requirements of the crop monitoring plan. The organizing basis of the cultivation pattern is recognizing the types of crops and examining the condition of their crop area. Shush county in Khuzestan Province has 300, 000 hectares of the crop area. It is one of the agricultural hubs of Iran because it has a record annual production of more than two million tons of strategic crops such as wheat, sugar beet, and corn. CAE affects the amount of net production and shortage or surplus of produce for market steadiness. Traditional approaches for CAE are time-consuming and costly and are not widely enforceable. Remote sensing (RS) data provide good information for decision-makers by determining the crop type and the crop area. RS data has made it possible to avoid continuous reference to agricultural lands with less time and cost than another usual method and accurate CAE. Also, the use of multi-time images during the growing season of agricultural products allows the use of spectral curves when related to the crop calendar of each crop. This spectral curve is almost separate for each product and increases the ability to distinguish between products. Therefore, multi-temporal images support segregation based on multispectral images of products. The current study follows a speedy method with appropriate accuracy established on satellite image classification algorithms and spectral indices to identify and separate crops with RS data in Shush County. Materials and Methods Landsat-8 data with path/row coordinates 166/38 extracted from the USGS website were used to identify and separate the cultivated lands of the region. The reason for choosing Landsat images is the relatively suitable temporal and spatial resolution, availability, and the appropriate time distribution with the product growth period. The Landsat 8 carries 2-sensors, OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor). The OLI sensor with a spatial resolution of 30 meters has 8-bands in the visible spectrum, near-infrared (NIR), short-wavelength infrared (SWIR), and a panchromatic band with a spatial resolution of 15 meters. The TIRS sensor can record thermal infrared radiation with a spatial resolution of 100 meters with the help of 2-bands in atmospheric windows of 10. 6 to 11. 2 micrometers for band 10 and 11. 5 to 12. 5 micrometers for band 11. This research used bands 1-7 of the Landsat-8 OLI sensor with a spatial resolution of 30 meters after the initial corrections of satellite images. The spectral similarity between the region's dominant crops has made it impossible to select a single image to differentiate and extract the cultivation pattern. Wheat and barley have a high spectral similarity. The peak of the greenness of these products is in the first four months of the year, which has high NDVI values at this time. Therefore, choosing a good time to separate the crops was feasible by referring to the Khuzestan Organization Agriculture-Jihad (KOAJ) and receiving the regional crops calendar in 2018-19. Then, the low-level cloud cover images on April 24, June 27, and August 30, 2019, were selected for classification based on the crop calendar. Planting, harvesting, maximum greenness, and ripening information of the dominant crops in the area were pivotal in obtaining image dates. In dates selected related to the images were considered planting, harvesting, maximum greenery, and ripening information of the region's dominant crops. Results and Discussion According to the results, from total crop area in Shush county (163313. 7 hectares) is allocated about 103513. 2 hectares (63. 4% of the county's crop area) to the ANN, about 102875. 1 hectares (63. 0% of the county's crop area) to the SVM, and about 102, 277. 3 hectares (62. 6% of the county's crop area) to the NDVI, which in comparison with the KOAJ statistics, has an error of 0. 11, 6. 2 and 1. 8%, respectively. This difference is the similarity of the reflective spectrum in some places, which affects the separability and recognition of phenomena and increases the error in estimating the area under cultivation of different crops. The highest and lowest errors in estimating the area under cultivation in the artificial neural network method were in barley and rice crops, respectively, in the support vector machine method were in wheat and rice crops, respectively, and in NDVI index were in wheat and barley crops, respectively. The difference between the cropped area obtained from classification methods and NDVI index with cropped area statistics of Agricultural-Jihad Organization may be due to the following: First, the cultivation history of different has caused problems such as reflections of diverse agricultural lands in one image. Second, the agricultural lands in this area are small. Most of them are under one hectare. Also, the crops in this area are diverse. Third, the smallest region that the image used in the present study can distinguish is about 900 square meters, which is a large number for the agricultural lands of the study area and causes errors. Conclusion The study results showed that the support vector machine method had the lowest error in CAE than the artificial neural network method, which indicates the higher accuracy of the support vector method in identifying and separating crops in the region. Comparing the area obtained from the NDVI index with the statistics of the Agricultural-Jihad Organization of Khuzestan province and evaluating the accuracy of this method indicated the higher efficiency of spectral indices in CAE for the region compared to classification methods. The NDVI index minimizes the error values of the results due to having a threshold and better identification of vegetation density. Therefore, based on the accuracy assessment results and comparing the cropped area with the KOAJ statistics, the utilization of the NDVI index provides the best CAE in the region.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. T. gondii can cause serious pathological effects in the fetus of infected women.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM among pregnant women of Shush county, southwest of Iran.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 276 pregnant women. IgG and IgM antibodies of T. gondii were measured by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. SPSS version 21 statistical software was used for data analysis and Chi-square test for significant differences.Results: Of 276 women, 85 (30.8%) and 2 (0.7%) were positive for IgG and IgM, respectively. Of 146 urban women, 43 (29.5%) were positive for IgG and of 130 rural women, 42 (32.3%) were positive for IgG. There was no significant difference between rural and urban women for IgG antibody (P>0.05). Also, 2 (1.4%) out of 146 urban women were positive for IgM. All of the 130 rural women were negative for IgM. No significant difference was found between rural and urban women for IgM antibody (P>0.05).Conclusions: The findings indicated there is a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii in the study pregnant women. Therefore, evaluation ofT. gondii before marriage and pregnancy is important for women and the health authorities of Shush County must pay more attention to control and prevention of the transmission of the parasite to individuals.

Today, tourism is one of the most important assets of any country. Water-centric tourism is one of the most important types of tourism that has been welcomed due to its water attractions and water recreation. Three permanent rivers, Karkheh, Dez and Shavar, flow in the city of Shush in the north of Khuzestan province. It has been suggested that the city has a good opportunity for river tourism. But the presence of tourists in the natural environment also destroys it. The present study was conducted with the aim of locating river tourism sites in Shush city and by survey method. Data collection and location criteria were performed through library and field studies. Therefore, a number of questionnaires were distributed among the employees of different departments of Shush. The sites were selected through field research. Of the 19 sites introduced, only four had the capabilities. Weighing the criteria using the Shannon entropy method and the Topsis model were used to analyze the data. Finally, among the four mentioned sites, Najian territory in the western coast of Karkheh river has the best potential to build the river base center of river tourism in shush.