Introduction: Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the mos t prevalent health problems in the victims of the Iran-Iraq war. Despite many advantages of the adminis tration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as the firs t-line treatment of PTSD, a large number of the patients s till need more effective therapies. The purpose of this s tudy was to comparison of the effectiveness of sertraline, transcranial direct s timulation current (TDCS), and the combined treatment (TDCS and sertraline) to relieve the symptoms of PTSD in the veterans in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: The current s tudy was a semi-experimental s tudy including pre-and pos t-tes ts, a control group, and three-month follow-up. The population of s tudy was veterans who lived in Tehran in 2018. 68 veterans were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly divided to control and experimental groups. The firs tgroup was treated with sertraline, the second group received TDCS, and the third group treated with the combined treatment. The PTSD Checklis t for DSM-5(PCL-5) was used as a research tool. Results: All of the treatment approaches were effective in reduction of symptoms in patients with PTSD. In the pos t-tes t and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference in PCL-5 scores between sertraline, TDCS, and combined treatment in comparison with the control group. Combined treatment (TDCS and sertraline) have shown a significantly higher and persis tence effectiveness. Conclusion: Combined treatment with TDCS and sertraline can be used as an efficient and effective approach to reduce PTSD symptoms in veterans.

Objective: Male factors, mainly spermatogenesis disorder, are responsible for 20-30% of infertility ocuurs in different societies. One of the known causes of spermatogenesis disorder is chemotherapy in patients with cancer. The side effect of chemoterpic agents may last from 10 years up to the end of the life. Since dividing cells are mainly affected by anticancer drugs, the aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive effect of GnRH antagonist as a suppressor of spermatogonial proliferation, on spermatogenic defect produced by anticancer drug (thiotepa).Materials and Methods: In the present study 30 adult male mice aging 6-8 weeks were used. The mice were divided into 3 equal groups as; control, thiotepa (Tgroup) and thiotepa + cetrorelix, a GnRH antagonist, (T+C group). Thiotepas were injected as ip for 5 days at 2.5 mg/kg doses. In T+C group cetrorelix injection was started one week before thiotepa treatment and continued for 3 more weeks. Since spermatogenic cycle in mice is 35 days, mice in all groups were sacrificed 35 days after thiotepa injection. Testicular specimens were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and prepared for EM studies. The thin sections were studied with LEO 906 TEM.Results: Electron microscopic study revealed that in the T group, in comparison to control group, the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules was irregular and partly disrupted. Spermatogonial cells were separated from each other by huge spaces and contained several intra cytoplasmic vacuoles. Myoid cells appeared thickened and had dense nuclei. The numbers of cells with apoptotic features were increased. The organels in the germinal cells were altered as following: The mithocondria were smaller, vacuolated and broken, mainly in spermatids. The Golgi was dispersed and rER were scattered. All the above alterations are considerably reduced in T+C group. The cells in T+C group were carachteristically similar to those in control group.Conclusion: According to the results it is concluded that GnRH antagonist administration before cancer treatment could prevent the side effects of anticancer drugs.

Introduction: Recent s tudies have proven that anxiety disorders have the highes t abundance throughout the world. Almos t everyone has experienced an anxiety. This anxiety can have an agonizing impact on a person’ s life; however, anxiety can also be invigorating. Invigorating anxiety pushes a person to work with a goal in mind, while the more detrimental type of anxiety limits his or her attention. The purpose of this s tudy was to inves tigate the brain function in tes t anxiety during answering mathematical ques tions. Material and Methods: In this experiment, 22 participants (9 male and 13 female) divided in two groups of tes t and control. Speelberger and ASRS anxiety tes ts were taken from all of the participants. Then electroencephalogram signal was recorded on 19 channels for 5 minutes with their eyes open and they were taking a conceptual math tes t simultaneously. In comparison with the control group, the tes t group had a shorter time to answer the ques tions and the video of the tes tgroup subjects was recorded while answering to a serious tes ter. After signal preprocessing, using Neuroguide software, frequency band powers of brain signal was extracted and the inattentional index (Theta/Beta ratio) was compared between the tes t and control groups using paired sample t-tes t. Results: In the tes t group, a significant decrease in theta to beta index was observed during math tes t compared to the eyes open condition on T3 (p=0. 077, t=1. 96), T4 (p=0. 026, t=2. 619), T5 (p=0. 084, t=1. 91) channels. Besides, a nearly significant correlation (r=0. 4055, p=0. 0612) was found between false answers and percent change of theta/beta index during math tes t compared to res t condition. Conclusion: Anxiety in the test group was invigorating and reduced tes t error and inattention index. In the healthy subjects, due to the imposing anxiety from tes ter, the level of attention of the subjects increased significantly and their error in answering the ques tions decreased.