Background Foreign body ingestion is a relatively common in children. Most ingested foreign bodies spontaneously pass out of the body via the gastrointestinal (GI) system but sharp materials may perforate the GI tract and need to surgical intervention. Case Presentation The patient was a 9-year-old girl with progressive abdominal pain for one month and admitted with acute abdomen impression. She underwent esogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) due to severe epigastric tenderness. Upper GI endoscopy revealed duodenal ulceration and perforation by a toothpick while she had no history of foreign body ingestion. Toothpick was removed by endoscopy. She was successfully managed conservatively and had no abdominal pain during the one month follow-up period. Conclusion We recommend the endoscopic approach as the preferable method for the extraction of duodenal foreign bodies in children, even in the case of intestinal perforation.

The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain is a challenging task for medical doctors working in the department of gastroenterology. It is clear that acute abdominal pain may be associated with a number of pathologic conditions. We report an unusual case of an unnoticed swallowed wooden toothpick stuck in the ileocecal area of a young man with right lower abdominal pain who was misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis. However, an abdominal computed tomography scan showed an elongated foreign body stuck in the ileocecal area. The elongated foreign body was identified as a wooden toothpick, which was then grasped with a foreign body forceps and successfully removed through colonoscopy. The patient’ s abdominal pain was significantly relieved within 2 days following treatment. On the basis of the case report, we suggest the importance of abdominal computed tomography scans for the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain and highlight the need for extra vigilance in excluding the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with acute abdominal pain.

Four methods of maize ear inoculation (silk channel injection, silk spray, toothpick, nail punch) and one control (without inoculation), and three opaque-2 maize lines, has been compared for determination of susceptibility to ear rot, in 1997, in Karaj. A randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement (methods as main and lines as subplots) with three replications was used. According to the results, effects of methods were significant at 1% level of probability for both disease incidence and severity, but, the effects of lines were significant only for disease severity. Comparing the methods and method X line interaction, showed that the disease severity should by better index for determination of susceptible germplasms and effective method of inoculation when compared to disease incidence. Nail punch method provided the highest disease severity and was much better than others for determination of susceptible lines to ear rot.

To identify and determine susceptibility and resistance of some commercial cultivars of Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrids of Vilis to crown gall, 3 years experiments were conducted. Twenty commercial cultivars of grapevines and 6 interspecific hybrids were compared against inoculation with Agrobacterium vitis (isolated from grapevine sap and cultured on modified RS media). The nursery soil was contaminated with the bacterial suspension (5×108 cfu ml-1 10kg-1 nursery soil). After root regeneration, cuttings were inoculated to the bacterium crown gall agent by injection of bacterial suspension (5×108 cfu ml-1) (1ml in 2nd internodes of green stem). Also, speared with sterile toothpick on to stem at the end of 3rd year, the percentage of infected plants were recorded. Results showed that all studied European grapevine cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible, but hybrids showed strong or good resistance behavior, specially hybrids 4 and 6.

Stalk rot is one of the main diseases of maize, causing stalk lodging and trouble for harvesting. The most effective way for controlling the disease is cultivation of resistant hybrids. In order to determine the susceptibility of maize hybrids, to stalk rot, an experiment was conducted with 60 hybrids arranged in RCBD at Karaj and Sari Research Stations in 1998. Inoculation was carried out by using Drill/ toothpick method in the first extended internodes of maize plants at teaseling stage. Inoculated Plants were cut at the third internodes after physiological maturity and vertical stalk sections of each hybrid were used for disease assessment using disease severity index based on the discoloration of pith tissue. Significant differences in response to stalk rot were observed among the hybrids. The majority of the hybrids were highly susceptible to stalk rot. The most susceptible hybrids were K1263/14-2  K1264/1 and B73 K12641. A few hybrids such as K3153 KC103/8 and K3153 K582/1-22 were moderately resistant. The overall results demonstrated that, early-maturing hybrids are more susceptible to stalk rot disease compared with late-maturing hybrids.

Karā mat (Divine grace), as an extra-ordinary event, is used by awliya Allah (saints of God) and has a special place in Islamic mysticism. Karā mat is divided into three main species: 1. Predictions of the future, 2. Interpretation of the secrets of hearts 3. Miraculous happenings in the corporeal world (or breaking of the natural order of things) Each of them has several subtypes. One of the subtypes of the third kind is healing patients that occur during the lifetime or after the death of the possessor of karā mat. The diseases usually include congenital and chronic illnesses that all the doctors are unable to cure them. Sometimes, the disease is caused by the curse of a spiritual person (sheikh). The treatment methods are very diverse, among which are the following: reading Surah al-Hamd, praying, hand touching, blowing, rubbing saliva, reading a poem, hugging patient, repenting patient, touching and using the personal belongings of the possessor of karā mat such as clothes, shoes, hat and toothpick. In most of these cases, the patient is treated in such a way that he/she won't catch the disease until the end of his/her life. By using descriptive-analytical method, in the present article, the attempt is made to categorize and analyze the methods of healing as mentioned in the early mystical prose texts.

As the prominent feature of Indian poetic style, theme-creation tends to make or detect a relation and connection between a subjective matter and an objective one that apparently there is no relation between them. The poets' partial views in this era and their meditation on trifles are reasons why they select their surrounding objects as theme-creating elements. Thus Saeb, as the greatest theme-creator of Indian style in Iran, stresses deeply and accurately on the object and its depth and creates new themes by illustrating his ideal world and using literary techniques such as asteimus. He, indirectly, states his inner mood and his pure thoughts within it.Regarding theme-creating by low-frequency objects such as Bahleh (glove of falconer), little pen, Khelal-e-Dandan (toothpick), donbegodaz (a container in which the fat roasted), Shan (beehive), fard (paper), Kajak (a kind of crooked rod), magasran (fly whisk) and etc.; this study tends to find out how Saeb has looked at these objects to make new themes and what style he has used in its creation. And how do these kinds of theme-creating reflect the poet's hidden world and Safavid's social condition? Studying and analyzing these elements indicate asteimus as the best technique of theme-creating and represent artistic value of Saeb's poems and the extent of his imagination as well. Also by stating the poet's subjectivity through theme-creation techniques, especially asteimus, his psychological and learned character are clearly reflected in terms of his beliefs and didactic and mystical thoughts. It also opens the doors to recognize living tools and their usage in Safavid's era.

Background: Studies on diabetes and its associated oral complications indicate that diabetic individuals are more prone to cardiovascular, renal, neurological, eye, and, particularly, oral health issues. Vascular problems, oxidative stress, immune system imbalances, and deficiencies create favorable conditions for the growth of gram-positive and harmful bacteria, as well as various fungi, especially Candida albicans, in the mouth and gums. Objectives: This study was designed and conducted to assess the incidence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital in Urmia, Iran, and included patients admitted to the endocrinology department with glycemic disorders and diabetes. The demographic information of the patients, including age, gender, disease duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, was recorded.To assess periodontal health, the oral symptoms of the patients were evaluated and recorded, including dry mouth, unpleasant taste in the mouth, bad breath, loose teeth, swollen gums, sensitive teeth, gum bleeding, burning mouth and tongue, and a burning sensation in the gums. Additionally, oral and dental hygiene practices were assessed based on the use of a toothbrush, toothpick, dental floss, and mouthwash. Patients were also examined for chronic periodontitis, with the severity classified as mild, moderate, or severe.Results: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 400 diabetic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Among them, 214 patients (53.5%) were male, and 186 (46.5%) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.49 ± 5.73 years, with a minimum age of 37 years and a maximum of 61 years. The frequency of periodontitis among the studied patients was 88.25%.Regarding oral symptoms, the most common symptom was dry mouth, reported by 57.75% of patients, followed by an unpleasant taste in the mouth (22.25%). The least common symptom was a burning sensation in the gums, with a frequency of 11.25%. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the incidence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia is 88.25%. Furthermore, in diabetic patients, there is a direct and significant relationship between glycemic control and the severity of periodontal disease.