The basis of the Ohmic Heating process is the transmission of alternating electric current through multi-phase solutions that is followed by heat generation due to particle resistance to the transmitted electric current. Throughout the present study, simultaneous transfer of heat and electricity was modeled in a two-phase system of solid-liquid food to investigate the critical factors affecting the process. A three-dimensional simulation was employed in the modeling to investigate the effect of particle distribution, salt diffusion as well as electrical conductivity. The results revealed that there existed a good agreement between the results of the modeling with the experimental results. It was also revealed that with increase in the concentration of salts and electrical conductivity, heating rate increased. In total, it can be concluded that heat and electricity diffusion throughout the product is faster than that in conventional heating methods and proceed similarly and almost with equal speed in both liquid and solid phases.

In this study, the thermal characteristics of an individual room in a building are measured by making use of environmental data. Subsequently, the target heat capacity consumption by the air-conditioning system can be calculated and controlled, depending on the environmental target. By establishing the relationship between a change in the room environment (environmental evaluation index) and the heat capacity consumption of the room (the amount of change of the enthalpy) by the air conditioning, we can calculate the target heat capacity consumption feasible as an environmental target. Relying on an environmental target in calculating the target heat capacity consumption enables setting suitable targets to avert the risk of heat exhaustion or even heatstroke to the residents of the building. In addition, a useful room heat capacity model is suggested that includes a management method using a heat capacity consumption target, with an administration table for evaluating the target.

Although two-phase flow is frequently encountered in various locations of the process plants, there is no a generally accepted and verified twophase flow model that may be used to size lines for such conditions. An obvious example is condensate water return lines. The API method used in this study is based on the homogeneous equilibrium flow assumption, that is, equal velocity and equal temperature in both liquid and vapor phases. Moreover, DIERS method was used to verify and clarify the HEM approach to calculating the pressure drop in twophase regimes. The objective of this study is to introduce a solution for process lines design during different flashing scenarios. Applying API method, this study can find the two-phase line pressure drop and upstream pressure, while, by using DIERS method, one could realize that for a specified length of pipe how much two-phase flow could pass through when the pressure drop is just the same as that in the API model.

Hospitals are one of the most important centers of medical service. At the time of the occurrence of natural and abnormal disasters, the demand for these centers may increase and some of these hospitals will be damaged and lose their functionality. On the other hand, in order to protect the lives of the injured, the distance and time of their transfer to hospitals is of particular importance. The proposed problem addressed simultaneously the crisis and normal conditions and tried to determine the location of hospitals in such a way that with limited resources in hand and the normal capacity and extra that can be used in times of crisis, the minimum distances Have Taking into account the decisions of the hardening of existing hospitals and the location of new hospitals simultaneously, post-abandonment distances are reduced compared to when the location is taken regardless of disability and rehabilitation, and this can be an e, ective step in crisis management. The capacity of hospitals in normal conditions and in the event of a crisis is limited and considering this in the model gives more realistic results. In this research, the problem of locating new hospitals and hardening a number of existing hospitals with limited available budget has been discussed. First, the potential locations to build a hospital are speci, ed. Then, using the proposed mathematical model, the optimal locations for the construction of new hospitals were determined, as well as decisions regarding the hardening of a number of existing hospitals. In order to solve the model due to its bi-objective function, the Epsilonconstraint Method (II) are used. To evaluate the validity of the model, a case study was carried out based on demographic and geographical information of Yazd city. Regarding the possibility of applying the model to large-scale applications and operating issues as well as NP-hardness of the model, an innovative multi-objective two-phase algorithm is proposed and evaluated based on some numerical examples.

In this work, the effects of injection initial conditions on displacement and rotation of flammable region in a twophase fuel–air cloud in open atmosphere have been studied numerically. Investigating the internal conditions of the cloud, we recognize the flammable region and study the effects of injection velocity, droplet initial size, and temperature on the behavior of this region. This study can designate the proper position for successful ignition. Validation was made by comparing the numerical and experimental results. Results show increasing injection velocity and initial size of droplet decreasing droplet initial temperature, increase the rotation of flammable region.

Growing applications of phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) enzyme in the medical and pharmaceutical industries encourages researchers to seek simple, fast and economical alternative purification methods. With goal of finding a new technique, the extraction and purification of recombinant Bacillus badius PheDH in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) and ammonium sulfate aqueous twophase systems (ATPS) was studied. Investigation on the effects of PEG molecular weight (MW) and concentration, (NH4)2SO4 concentration, pH, temperature and NaCl addition on partition behavior was also performed. The optimized system was 8.5% (w/w) PEG-6000, 17.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 13% (w/w) NaCl at pH 8.0. The specific activity, yield, purification factor, recovery and partition coefficient were obtained 10424.97 U/mg, 95.85%, 474.3, 141% and 92.57, respectively. Briefly, we described the application of ATPS as an interesting and powerful technique for purifying and recovery of recombinant PheDH.

This paper examined a warranty model where after the end of the twophase warranty period, an extra warranty period is provided to the customer. The two-phase warranty period is split into two sections; the first period is free replacement / repair warranty (FRRW) period and the other is period of Pro-Rata Warranty (PRW). If the product failure occurs during the FRRW period, the damaged product is repaired by the manufacturer free or replaced by a new product. If this failure occurs in PRW period, the manufacturer and the customer are both responsible for paying for the repair costs; and if the failure happens during the extended warranty period, only minimal repairs is made. As customer consumption rate differs in a given period, it is advisable to classify customers based on their rate of consumption before determining the type of warranty policy, which will reduce the cost of warranties. Then, for each type of customer, a maintenance policy are supplied. In addition, the percentage of low consuming customer (high-consumption) will be effective in the overall costs.

Two incompressible SPH numerical solvers, including a modified explicit method and a new implicit method have been developed to simulate the sediment-laden free surface flow problems. Using consistent discretization schemes, the proposed explicit method improves somewhat the accuracy of the usual explicit ISPH methods. The implicit method additionally guarantees the incompressibility condition completely. In the presented methods, the liquid phase is modeled using Navier-Stokes equations and to predict the non-Newtonian behavior of the sediment phase, the Bingham plastic rheological model is used. The accuracy and capabilities of the developed incompressible SPH methods is first validated in comparison with available experimental and numerical results of a single-phase water-sediment mixture flow generated by unsteady dam break problem. Then, they are applied to simulate an eroding dam break problem with a twophase flow sediment transport. Comparison of the obtained results with the results in the literature shows that the developed methods particularly the implicit one, are very powerful tools for simulation of the problems including sediment transport induced by violent free surface flow, with interactions between flow and sediment and morphological changes in bed.