Statement of Problem: Total removal of tissues and remnant microorganisms as well as canal shaping is the essential objectives of endodontic therapy. A successful endodontic treatment is obtained through Shilders principals, however; complete observation of this technique using stainless steel files manually is problematic and time-consuming. Modern technology, in order to eliminate such problems, has presented new facilities such as Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) files and engine driven instruments.Purpose: The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the canal debridement efficiency of three engine driven instruments: Rotary, Reciprocal and Vertical.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 mesial roots of human first and second mandibular molars were divided into three groups randomly. In each sample, one canal was considered as case, the other one as control. Files used in Reciprocal and Vertical groups were of handy Ni-Ti type and in rotary group, rotary Ni-Ti files were used. After debridement, the roots were sectioned at 3mm and 5mm from anatomic apex, stained and examined under light microscope. Comparison criteria between case and control groups were based on residual debris and predentin and the level of root canal preparation and shaping after debridement. Data were subjected to kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.Results: There was no significant difference between the efficiency of debridement at 3mm and 5mm sections between all groups. But difference in time consumption was significant ranked from the shortest to the longest as rotary, reciprocal and Vertical.Conclusion: The efficiency of debridement between the three automated instruments was approximately equal, however; the instrumentation time was different between three groups. Rotary system was the fastest one, as compared with reciprocal (second) and Vertical (last). It may be concluded that rotary system has a superiority over the other two groups in conventional root canal therapies.

The upcoming study investigates the design and use of Vertical-axis wind turbines for power extraction in Chahnimeha, Zabol. In Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, due to the vastness and climatic barriers, the use of renewable energy can greatly contribute to the well-being of people. Using the meteorological data of this province, the average wind speed in the Chahnime region is estimated at 6.4 m/s. At first, 4 airfoils with the highest lift-to-drag coefficient have been selected and studied for wind turbine design. By choosing the best airfoil among the four examined ones, a wind turbine with 3 different blade sizes and rotor radius was designed. The wind turbine, which is designed with a blade length of 3 meters and a rotor radius of 1.5 m, has the best performance. The Vertical axis wind turbine has been investigated in 4 models with 3, 5, 7, and 9 blades. The power factor of the 3-bladed turbine is equal to 0.30, and of the 7-bladed wind turbine is equal to 0.45. Among the examined wind turbines, the best wind turbine with 7 blades was chosen. The reduction of wind speed before the blades is influenced by the solidity of the wind turbine. The study of wind turbine exergy was used to investigate the environmental effects such as humidity and temperature on the performance of wind turbines in the climatic region of Zabol. The exergy efficiency of the designed 3-blade and 7-blade wind turbine is equal to 45 and 75%, which shows the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the wind turbine efficiency in a climate region. The results of this study clearly show that it is possible to use a 7-blade Vertical axis wind turbine to provide electricity to areas far from the grid and to produce scattered.

Vertical agreements include those contracts which are entered into between the holders of the valuable commercial right like name, trademark and/or special process of production or distribution and another party in Vertical line in order to cooperate in various commercial levels, and by virtue of which the first party shall grant the license of marketing, sale or other his economic activities to another party. These contracts have involved the most rate of agreements in commercial and economic exchanges and expansion of knowledge and technology, and all are established in a unified principles which one of them is the Goodwill Principle. This was admitted in international law in general and in international commercial law in particular. And, a vast rate of duties and tasks like trusteeship, good performance, accurate information, financial soundness, etc. were inflicted to the both parties of a Vertical agreement. It is herein dealt with the effect of the goodwill on these agreements and outcomes resulting therefrom.

Vertical screens are energy dissipaters that can be used downstream of small hydraulic structures such as Vertical drops. In the present study, the effect of the height of the screens on the downstream of the Vertical drop has been investigated numerically. For this purpose, three relative heights of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 for the screens and the relative critical depth range between 0.12 and 0.42 have been selected. For numerical modeling, Flow-3D software with two turbulence models   and  and three types of meshing has been used. The results showed that the  turbulence model was better performance than    model in comparison with experimental results. Also, the results of using screens with different heights in the downstream of the Vertical drop showed that these plates increase the relative energy dissipation and relative depth of the downstream by 176% and 94% respectively compared to the simple Vertical drop. Investigating of the increase in energy dissipation efficiency, it can be seen that the screens with relative heights of 0.4 and 0.6 dissipates more energy by reducing the immersion rate of the hydraulic jump compared to the overall mesh plate. Finally, the Vertical drop equipped with screen with a relative height of 0.4 with a decrease of 66.3 and 10.3 percent of the Froude number of downstream and an increase of 187 and 2.8 percent relative energy consumption, had the best performance compared to the simple drop and Vertical drop equipped with an overall screen, respectively.

Slab tracks have several benefits respect to traditional tracks especially in high speed tracks. It is necessary to investigate the Vertical stiffness effects of railway tracks on dynamic behavior of slab tracks, because of high importance of Vertical displacement of railway tracks and also its relationship with stiffness of railway track. In this paper, sensitivity of the railway Vertical displacement respect to Vertical stiffness is studied with modeling and numerical analyses of railway structure. The suitable range of railway Vertical stiffness can be evaluated by considering the allowed values of the railway Vertical displacement and the obtained sensitivity analysis diagrams. In this innovative method, maximum and minimum values of railway stiffness are calculated and presented in graphs and tables by using the results of the analyses. According to the obtained results and the allowed values in UIC, the suitable Vertical stiffness diagrams are presented and their numerical values are recommended for design of slab tracks.

Formation of the vortex at the entrance of a dam intake reduces its capacity. One of the common methods for preventing the air entry and reducing the power of the vortex is the use of meshed plates. In this research the effect of dimensions of the meshed plates on the critical submergence in an experimental model of bell-mouth Vertical intake has been studied. The results showed that, using the Vertical meshed plates could reduce the critical submergence up to 35%. At the end, an equation using Froude number and dimensions of the meshed plates was proposed that could predict the relative submergence, accurately.