Some intellectual and jurisprudential currents in the Islamic world-especially Salafism – believe in the principle of hatred between religions. According to their point of view, the foundation upon which Islamic law is based when dealing with other religions is through the expression of one’ s hatred, which is manifested in being rugged, severe and accompanied by a negation of loyalty. This research has attempted to study this issue from a Qur’ anic angle and has concluded that the notion of hatred does not exist in the Qur’ anic text except towards those who are considered aggressors against the Muslim nations and humans in general, not everyone who simply has a difference in opinion, belief, religion and doctrine. On the contrary, the Qur’ anic text focuses on the principle of distinction in order to preserve one’ s identity, not the principle of hate.

The present article discusses Lermantov"s special viewpoints about hatred, disgrace, and love in his works. These concepts are firstly studied in his poems such as "Poet" and "Ideas". Then, they are reviewed in his prose works such as Vadim, Princess Mary, Princess Ligovskaya, and The Hero of Our Times. Moreover, there is an attempt to show the ideology and evolution of Lermantov"s characters through these concepts. The result of this evolution is the improvement of man from an ignorant and selfish person to an ethical and noble being. The outcome of ethical and philosophical aspects of this topic is that disgrace in human beings causes them not to understand the difference between hatred/non-existence and love/existence. For this reason, it seems that a person who lives in disgrace cannot be effective. In other words he is deprived of the right to choose between "for" and "against".

The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of brand hatred on sportswear users. The research method was descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, it was applied in a field and the users of sportswear were statistically. There were 360 samples selected by simple random sampling. Measuring Tools, Standard Questionnaires for Hateful from Hegener et al. (2017), Questionnaire for to Avoid Romania et al. (2012), Questionnaire for to Reduce or Stop Supporting Gregory and Fisher Brand (2006) The Questionand-Answer Questionnaire was a for Thomson et al. (2012), a questionnaire for Gregory and Fisher brand (2006), and questionnaire for revenge against the Romanian brand et al. (2012). For the validity of the translation, the forward-sonic translation validity method was used. The formal and content validity was confirmed by fifteen sports management professors. The reliability of the desired questionnaire was also estimated. Analysis of the results was performed by structural equation method with LISREL and SPIOSIAS software. The results showed that brand aversion significantly avoids branding, reducing / stopping support, negative word-ofmouth advertising, brand complaints, and brand revenge. general, given that hatred of the brand increases the negative consequences on the brand, it is recommended to managers, managers are advised to take approaches in brand management to consider ways to deal with such crises.

This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying The Causes of Hatred of Sports and Overtraining in Students. The purpose of the research was applied and the research method was qualitative. Theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 experts in a purposeful judgment and using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data was collected using an exploratory approach through the identification process and its analysis using the qualitative software MAXQDA. In the current research, there are 107 indicators in the form of 11 concepts (physical, psychological, educational-cognitive elements, individual experiences, informational-knowledge, transpersonal, teachers' professional weakness, security-safety, beliefs, support and economic-scientific) and 4 categories (intrapersonal, extrapersonal, environmental-physical and structural-organizational factors were identified. The current research emphasizes on the factors of the intra-personal, extra-personal, environmental-physical and structural-organizational levels in preventing students from hating and Overtraining sports. In this context, attention should be paid to factors such as the implementation of the sports fields that students like in schools, making the sports fields attractive in schools, increasing the hours of physical education in schools, providing sports spaces and sufficient facilities to schools, preparing programs on radio and television in order to familiarize students with knowledge. Students with the benefits of sports, reducing the rent of gyms, showing successful sports people who did not interfere with their studies, identifying the sports talent of students by parents and coaches, using experienced and tested teachers, and holding counseling sessions for sports coaches and parents. In order to prevent students from hating and practicing sports, it is suggested.

The purpose of the present study was to investigated the impact of different types of unfavorable news (negative value-related news & negative performance-related news) on sports products brand hatred. The present study was practical. The statistical population of the study consisted of all users of sport products at University of Kurdistan, that statistical sample of 550 people was selected. In order to compare the two types of undesirable news, the research sample was divided into two groups. Simple random sampling method was used for data collection. Questionnaire was used to measure research variables & descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean) & inferential (path analysis) methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that both types of unfavorable (negative) news influenced on the brand hate of sports products, but negative value-related news had a stronger effect. The results also indicated that in both groups, brand hate had a positive& significant effect on all three behavioral outcomes (Brand Avoidance, Negative WOM & Brand Retaliation). Accordingly, it is suggested that corporate executives be sensitive to the news of their products & their company in the media. & prevent the dissemination of undesirable news (especially value-related news) which in most cases may also be false or rumored.

The research method was descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all users of sportswear in Shiraz, of which 360 people were considered as a sample. Measurement tools included a standard six-item questionnaire of brand hatred, a four-item questionnaire of past negative experience, a five-item questionnaire of symbolic incompatibility, and a four-item questionnaire of ideological incompatibility. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 15 professors of sports management; Also, the reliability, divergent and convergent validity of the questionnaires were evaluated as favorable. The analysis of the results, which was performed by structural equation method with PLS and SPSS software, showed that the coefficient of determination for the hatred structure of the brand is 0. 716, which confirms the suitability of the structural model. Also, the values of the effect coefficients show that negative past experience, symbolic incompatibility and ideological incompatibility have an effect on brand hatred. Due to the formation of negative feelings and hatred of the brand due to individual contexts in users of sports brands, managers are advised to adopt approaches to brand management, to consider ways to deal with such crises.

As a matter of fact, the religious antipathy is one of the strongest and most serious types of hatred to the feelings and emotions. And this is generally relating to the nature of every affair related to the religion in various historical, traditional, exegetic and interpretational dimensions. This is so, because religion has an extensive relationship with the history, for religion is the oldest one which has begun in history and continued accompanying it. The human heritage has been affected by it in all its old and modern periods and ages, and in all its variety and difference of its identity, and nature. The human being has had communication and contact with it, and he has interacted with it, in a way which is linked and connected with most of his sides and aspects of his life, and mostly its daily particular details. The religion still preserves its effect, which should be carried on without stoppage or cessation.

Today, we can see increasing problems such as gender-based hate speech and xenophobia, with the spread of social media and the democratization of cyberspace access. The aim of the article is the dominant discourse strategies in reproducing anti-feminist stereotypes on Twitter by Iranian users and to study whether the Twitter space is agonistic or antagonistic. The theoretical framework of The research is "symbolic annihilation of women" with regard to Chantal Muffe’s point of view. The research conducted by the method of discourse analysis of Ruth Wodak and the samples were selected by purposeful sampling way from tweets published on Twitter. The results showed that misogyny occurs in terms of housekeeping, women restraint, abusive sexist remarks, attributing vulgar traits, irrationality, and gender stereotypes about women. Although Twitter has been able to make the space competitive due to its interactivity, the content published in it shows the depth of the antagonistic dimension of politics, which gives politico-gender conflicts a hostile aspect. In fact, Twitter has not only failed to stabilize gender equality and dialogue, but has also strengthened the antagonistic atmosphere that, according to Muff, indicates a failure in the realization of democracy. In other words, this medium is incapable of managing space, and the male / female duality, as the "other", has intensified in it.

Hate speech can be expressed as a hatred expression toward an individual or a group of people-because of the characteristics they share with a group they belong. The social network proliferation has made it easy to spread hatred. This article has been written with the aim of analyzing the hate speech components through comments and posts of Iranian female users on Instagram. Referring to Glirdon’, s views, a theoretical synthesis of hate speech production in cyberspace is presented and critical discourse of twenty female users active in the women filed has been analyzed. In accordance with Van Dayek’, s discourse analysis approach, it has prepared a special work form for recording and extracting information from selected news texts. The results identify four components of hate speech that represent structural hatred of women against women. Women stand against each other in different political, cultural, and social contexts through hateful literature. There are similarities and differences among women about their legal demands and fight against hate speech. While all identified components of violence against women and forced marriage are identical, the secular and political users show the greatest opposition to religious modernist and traditional currents. They emphasize the priority of being a women and reject the family as an ideological and patriarchal institution.

Objective It is important to understand why consumers do not like some brands or even cultivate a sense of hatred for them, because consumers usually tend to evaluate negative information about brands than positive information. The phenomenon of hatred of the brand is still in its infancy, and this research, given its exploratory nature, will help conceptualize this phenomenon and will take a step forward in promoting the theory of brand hatred. This research develops a model of brand hatred including its causes and consequences in the context of Iran. In general, this study seeks two main goals: 1) discovering the causes of brand hatred among Iranian consumers and 2) discovering the consequences of brand hatred in them. This issue significantly helps Iranian producers to pave the way for branding by being aware of these causes and consequences. Methodology The present study is a qualitative research and is grounded in terms of purpose. It is also exploratoryinductive in terms of data collection. The target population of this study includes consumers of Iranian products in Tehran and the data were collected through face-to-face interviews or interactions with the researchers and through self-expression in response to a general question about whether or not to have strong negative feelings about a particular brand or brands. Sampling is carried out through nonprobabilistic judgmental and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data in this study. Qualitative data analysis was performed using theme analysis. After observing the interviews and entering them into the software and reviewing the notes, the key points were codified. It should be noted that all the steps of qualitative data analysis were performed using NVivo10 software. Findings Eventually, two main themes were discovered. The first category includes the main themes that affect brand hatred i. e. the negative factors that cause brand hatred among the consumer or the lack of positive factors that lead to the development of brand hatred. The main themes discovered in this category were "mixed marketing deception", "mixed marketing failure" and "social irresponsibility". The second category was the main themes affected by brand hatred; that is, actions or intentions to negative actions after creating sense of brand hatred among the consumers. The answer to the question that what would the consumers who hate the brand do about their hatred. The main themes discovered in this category were "negative word of mouth advertising", "supporting the competitors" and "breaking the relationship with the brand". Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, costumers who hate Iranian product brands do not develop cases such as "brand revenge", "complaint", "threat" and "damage"-which have been discovered in western researches and are considered as the consequences of brand hatred. The present study discovered some behaviors including negative word of mouth advertising, supporting a competitor, and breaking relationships with a brand.