INTERNATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE COMPETITION CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING SCIENCE IN IRAN | Year:2016 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:5

GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CITY OF TABRIZ IN TERMS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC AS WELL AS PLACING ON THE WAY OF SILK ROAD, NEED TO SECURE THE CITY AND PROPERTIES OF TRADERS, ALL CAUSED THAT THE RULERS OF THAT ERA WOULD BUILD TOWERS AND WALLS FOR THIS CITY IN THREE HISTORICAL PERIODS IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF FOREIGNERS, ABUSERS AND THE SPIES INTO PRIVACY OF THE CITY.THE GATES THAT HAD BEEN CONSIDERED AS THRESHOLD PLACES FOR CROSSING AND PASSAGE IN THE OLD CITY, ARE TRANSFORMED PHYSICALLY BY COLLAPSING FENCES IN THE NEW CITY. BUT, THEIR PLACES ARE CONSTANTLY REMINDING OF COLLECTIVE MEMORIES OF THE CITIZENS AND CAN CAUSE READABILITY OF THE CITY AND EXPRESS THE CIVIC IDENTITY. IN THIS PAPER AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO STUDY THE EVOLUTION OF HISTORICAL GATES AND ROLES OF THOSE ELEMENTS IN OLD URBAN SPACES AND THEIR PLACES IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE.

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM WITH OBJECTIVE SUCH AS MINIMIZING THE LOSS AND SERVICE RECOVERY IN NETWORK, DEVIATION OF THE VOLTAGE AT THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSUMER BE RAISED. THERE ARE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR MULTI-UNIT LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK THERE. THEY CAN INCLUDE: CAPACITOR, THE USE IF DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES, LOAD MANAGEMENT TRANSFORMERS AND NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS MENTIONED. THIS ARTICLE IS DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION ON LOSSES RESULTING FROM CHANGES IN NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS ARE EXAMINED. OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM USED FOR SOLVING OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM TLBO PROBLEMS. TO DO SO THE OPTIMAL SIZE AND LOCATION OF DG IS FIRST DETERMINED, THEN NETWORK RECONFIGURATION FOR THE 33 AND 83 BUS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. LOSS MINIMIZATION, VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND LOAD BALANCING ARE CONSIDERED AS THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS FOR BOTH THE PLACEMENT AND THE RECONFIGURATION PROBLEM. FINALLY, THE RESULTS OBTAINED USING THE PROPOSED METHOD WITH THE RESULTS OF OTHER METHODS ON TWO TEST SYSTEMS COMPARISON AND EVALUATION. THE RESULTS OF THIS SIMULATION ACCURACY VALIDATE THIS MATTER.

STABILITY OF MAJOR STRUCTURES LOCATED ON CLAY FOUNDATION IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT SUBJECTS IN THE CIVIL ENGINEERING. STABILITY OF CLAY FOUNDATION IS DUE TO GROUND WATER PENETRATION THROUGH POROUS MEDIA OF THE SOIL. THEREFORE, WATER LEVEL CONTROL AND SUITABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEM CAN BE SO IMPORTANT TO PROTECT THE FOUNDATION OF SUCH STRUCTURES. LEACHING IN SOILS IS THE IMPORTANT SUBJECT IN THE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING. LEACHING RESULTED IN REMOVAL SALTS OF SOILS AND REDUCTION STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS. LIXIVIATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS CAUSE THE CHANGE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AS UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, ATTERBERG LIMIT, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY. AS A RESULT OF BECOMING LOOSE THE SOIL STRUCTURE, STRENGTH PARAMETERS ARE REDUCED. ONE OF THE EFFECTS OF REDUCTION STRENGTH IN SOILS IS INSTABILITY SLOPES THAT FINALLY CAUSE SLIDING. IN THIS STUDY, FOLLOWING SERIES OF CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND STRENGTH TESTS, THE EFFECT OF LEACHING HAS BEEN APPOINTED AND INVESTIGATED ON THE NORTH IRAN'S CLAY SOILS. THIS STUDY INDICATES THAT AS A RESULT OF LEACHING THE SOIL STRUCTURE HAVE BECOME POROUS AND REMOVAL THE SOLUBLE SALTS AND PART OF THE FINE PARTICLE CHANGE THE DRY UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY. ALSO, LEACHING CAUSE THE REDUCTION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, ELASTICITY OF MODULUS, COHESION AND FRICTION ANGLE IN TWO CONDITION AS DRAINED AND UN-DRAINED CONDITIONS. FINALLY, USING THE RESULT OF LABORATORY TESTS AND COMPARISON WITH THE RESULTS OF A CASE STUDY USING A NUMERICAL APPROACH, THE EFFECT OF LEACHING IN SLIDING HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED.

QAJAR ERA WAS THE BEGINNING OF A MOVEMENT TOWARDS MODERNITY AND CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN IRAN. BEGINNING WITH THE QAJAR ERA AND ARRIVAL OF EUROPEAN TRADERS, TRANSLATION OF WESTERN BOOKS, AS WELL AS IRANIAN STUDENTS SENT TO EUROPE FOR THE FIRST TIME BY ABBAS MIRZA AND RETURNING OF THOSE STUDENTS, ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST PRINTING HOUSE IN IRAN WAS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BEGINNING OF MODERNITY IN THE COUNTRY, BUT THE GREATEST IMPACT OF MODERNITY IN IRAN WAS FORMED DURING THE NASER AL-DIN SHAH, AS FAR AS THIS PERIOD IS CALLED NASERI. WITH HIS FIRST TRIP TO EUROPE AND GETTING IMPRESSED BY THE CULTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE WEST, THE DREAM OF BUILDING A EUROPEAN CITY IN IRAN WAS INTENSIFIED AND BY IMITATING OF EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM EUROPE HE ATTEMPTED TO BUILD NEW FORTIFICATIONS IN TEHRAN THAT WERE AN IMITATION OF FORTIFICATIONS IN FRANCE. ALSO, DURING THE REIGN OF NASER AL-DIN SHAH, TRAVELING OF HIS CHANCELLOR NAMED AMIR KABIR TO RUSSIA FOR A VISIT, WAS INFLUENTIAL IN MODERNIZATION OF IRAN AND ADVANCEMENT OF RUSSIA SEEMED VAST AND WONDROUS TO HIS MIND. BY CREATING OF DAROLFONOON SCHOOL DESIGNED BY AN IRANIAN GRADUATE RETURNING FROM EUROPE, AND IT IS CONSIDERED AS THE FIRST MODERN NONTRADITIONAL BUILDING IN IRAN, HE DEMONSTRATED A GREAT DISPLAY OF MODERNITY. IMPORTATION OF GOODS WAS ALSO ANOTHER REASON. THE GOODS THAT HAD NO PLACE IN IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE, SUCH AS A BED, DESK AND FURNITURE THAT EACH NEEDED ITS OWN SPECIAL PLACE TO BE CONSIDERED, CAUSED CREATION OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE THAT WE HAVE STUDIED IT IN THIS PAPER.

THE OBJECTIVES WERE TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF FORMULATION VARIABLES ON THE ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF DRUG AND TO OPTIMIZE THE FORMULATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH ELLAGIC ACID FOR ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES WERE PREPARED BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE AS A GELATING AGENT. A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN WAS USED TO EVALUATE AND OPTIMIZE THE EFFECT OF PREPARATION VARIABLES, DRUG CONCENTRATION (A), CHITOSAN CONCENTRATION (B), TPP CONCENTRATION (C) ON ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY (R). THE SUITABILITY OF THE PROPOSED QUADRATIC MODEL WAS PROVED WITH HIGH CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (R2=0.9993), INDICATING THE SUCCESS OF RSM IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS IN THE PREDICTION OF ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY. THE ADEQUATE PRECISION IS 83.136, WHICH INDICATES AN ADEQUATE SIGNAL, HENCE THIS MODEL COULD BE USED TO NAVIGATE THE RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGN SPACE. THE OPTIMIZED EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES FOR ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY DETERMINED IN THIS STUDY WERE FOUND AS ELLAGIC ACID (0.3 MG/ML), CHITOSAN (3 MG/ML) AND TPP (0.05 MG/ML) CONCENTRATIONS. THE TPP CONCENTRATION WAS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FACTOR THAT AFFECTED ON DRUG ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY.