INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION | Year:2024 | دوره:11 |Papers Count:5

Camus’,the Stranger and Dostoevsky’, s Crime and Punishment are indeed among the most precious literary works of the world. These two novels are so rich in philosophical and psychological ideologies that researchers would be able to review them from many different perspectives—, one of which is existentialism. This article intends to review the notion of existentialism in these two novels and shed some light on incidents that could be seen through the same glasses. One of the questions fundamental to existentialism concerns the purpose of life and its meaning, and this paper attempts to find a connection between the protagonists of these novels and the question. It also intends to find ideological similarities and differences between these two novels, especially regarding existentialism, with reference to incidents in the books through a robust thematic analysis procedure. Although it is natural to notice many differences between these two novels, one still might be able to find some ideological similarities in the books and put them under scrutiny.

This paper investigates the impact of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on teaching and learning English listening and speaking skills in two distinct approaches: self-access and semi-instructed. The study explores the influence of information technology on curricula designed by teachers and on students' learning strategies. The research utilizes a case study approach involving two schools, Noor Kherad and Parto Alavi, to analyze the use of CALL materials and the interactive dynamics in each approach. The methodology includes a preliminary study, a pilot study, and the main study, employing questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Findings reveal that self-access promotes independent learning with varying proficiency levels and emphasizes independent student management of learning activities, while semi-instructed learning maintains a balance between autonomy and teacher guidance. The impact of computers on teaching and learning is analyzed in terms of materials, task design, computer roles, and teacher roles. The study contributes to understanding the interactive relationship and challenges in implementing CALL for English language skills and contributes insights into the evolving landscape of English language teaching in the information technology era.

Poetry is a subcategory of literature which contains aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language. These are the characteristics of poetry that distinguish it from other types of literature. Therefore, the question that arises in poetry translation is reliance on meaning or form. To resolve the so-called binary, some structural and semantic adjustments have been proposed. In this study, structural adjustments have been investigated in one poem of sa’, di. It’, s required to mention that the present paper is based on Nida and Taber’, s framework (2003). The aim of this research is to provide an analysis of these adjustments to see whether or not they eliminate misunderstanding in the target audience. In order to do this descriptive, analytical, and qualitative investigation, Persian source text have been compared and contrasted with two English target texts (translators were Clarke (1985) and Wickens (1984)). Source text data have been obtained from Bustan Sa’, di and target text data have been collected from A Study of Islamic Texts in English Translation by Manafi Anari. The results revealed that adjustment of tenses is the most commonly used strategy, the second rank is occupied by numerials, and the least frequent strategies are change in word level and passivization. These findings add substantially to our understanding of strategies adopted by translators of literary texts. Moreover, the present research is utilizable for translators and researchers in the field of translation studies as it exhibits better ways of poetic communication through translation.

Hossein Monzavi is recognized as one of the prominent contemporary poets. He has played a significant role in reviving modern Ghazal and the revolutionary movement in Persian poetry. This article examines two Ghazals from the poems of Hossein Monzavi in terms of external beauty at two linguistic (lexical, syntactic, and prosodic) and literary (imagery) levels. Aesthetics is considered one of the branches of science that relies on human emotions. The present article aims to examine and identify the cognitive dimensions of the beauty of the poems and the poet's style, as well as to understand the structure of Ghazal and contemporary Ghazals. In this research, the necessary data were obtained through "documentary-library" studies, and the "descriptive-analytical" method was used to analyze them. The results of this study showed that the poet has used words in the two examined Ghazals that are suitable for the mood and atmosphere of a romantic and lyrical poem, and there is also complete harmony and coherence at the syntactic level. Persian words are heavily employed in his poetry. The degree of command in his poetry is high. The rhyme plays a significant role in imagery and creating the desired spaces by the poet. His verses, which are in the present tense, contribute to the richness of the poem. The external music of his poetry, namely the meter, is one of the most melodious meters in Persian poetry. Monzavi establishes a wide range of connections, using techniques such as allusion, contradiction, consideration of simile, and evoking emotions, to create various associations among images. Simile, as one of the rhetorical devices, is used artistically by Monzavi, and it is primarily responsible for imagery in these two Ghazals. All his similes are sensory and derived from natural elements.

Paintings with the theme of mourning are called mourning paintings. This article follows up the reading of the obituaries of Demut's Shahnameh based on the structural analysis of mourning and mourning rituals. The data in this descriptive-analytical research has been collected by referring to library sources, internet portals and visiting museums. The questions of this research are: 1. What is the relationship between the concept of mourning, rituals and rituals of mourning in the social context and its manifestation in the paintings of Demut's Shahnameh? 2. In what way are customs and traditions in the face of mourning reflected in Demot's version of Shahnameh? The results indicate that this group of Iranian paintings shows the spiritual sufferings of the survivors of the mourning tradition. In addition to showing the coffin of the deceased, the clothing of the deceased, the mourning paintings also have human reactions to mourning, mourning, mourning and crying, as well as protest functions for cultural promotion and extreme behaviors contrary to social norms. By conveying the concept of grief of the bereaved to the viewers and relieving the emotional tensions of the survivors to return to normal life, obituaries display a symbolic aspect of death, which has rules due to the contrasts raised in it and produces visual signs of mourning. It transforms meaning.