Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Year:2010 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (SERIAL NUMBER 29)|Papers Count:17

Background: H. pylori is one of gastric bacterial infectious agents that reported from world whole. This organism is heterogen and have hyper variable regions in its genome that to cause organism escape from immune response.H. pylori cagA+ strains will report that is stimulating factor for adenocarcinoma, gastritis in infected persons.H. pylori LPS have less toxicity, mitogenicity and pyrogenicity than Entrobactericeae. In this study we investigated the LPS and rCagA senergistic effect on stimulation of Th1 immune response in mice model.Materials & Methods: LPS of H. pylori O2 serotype was extracted by hot phenol-water method. Proper conserved fragment of cagA was expressed in proper vectors. These antigens were injected to Balb/c mice and immune response was assayed by ELISA Results: The IgG1/IgG2a ratio in the immunized mice with rCagA and rCagA plus CpG was<1, indicating a Th1 type response, while the control group was>1, indicating a strong Th2 response. In mice immunized with LPS and rCagA, the immune response elevated which indicated synergistic effect of this antigen on stimulating of strong immune response againstH. pylori infection Conclusion: Effective immunizations against H. pylori will possible affected treatment in next future.Protective immune response inH. pylori is balance between Th1/Th2.These data suggest that immunization with rCagA and LPS promoted a Th1 immune response.H. pylori rCagA and LPS serve as an excellent antigen for immunization. In conclusion, we recommended multicomponent vaccine contain of rCagA and LPS for vaccine formulation againstH. pylori infection.

Background: Glucantime is regarded as the first line in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, but failure to treatment is a problem in many cases. Evaluation of glucantime activity in the cutaneous leishmaniasis complicated with secondary bacterial infection compared with uncomplicated lesions.Materials & Methods: This experimental clinical trial Patients enrolled in the study had cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesions were scraped with sterile swap and cultured into the blood agar medium. All the patients were treated with systemic glucantime for 3 weeks and followed for 2months. Response to treatment was defined as loss of infiltration, re epithelization and negative smear, and unresponsiveness defined as unchanging the size of the lesions without re epithelization and positive smear at the end of the study.Regarding to results of cultures, the lesions were divided into two groups with positive and negative cultures and glucantime activity was compared between two groups Results: Out of 161 patients enrolled in the study, 123 (76.4%) were Negative and 38 patients (23.6%) were Positive for secondary bacterial infection. In groups with negative bacterial culture response to treatment was 65 % (80 Patients) and in the other group was 31.6% (12 patients) (X2=13.77, P<0.01).Conclusion: Activity of glucantime decreased in cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions with secondary bacterial infection.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is still a common and major complication after general anesthesia, which may delay post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) discharge, prolong hospital stay and thus increase the cost of hospitalization. Several drugs and techniques have been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this study the effects of premedication with Intra venus midazolam on the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting was investigated in a sample of adult patients undergoing Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction under general anesthesia.Material and Methods: One hundred adult patients undergoing general anesthesia for Cataract surgery were randomly divided into two groups to receive either midazolam (0.025mg/kg) or a same volume of normal saline intravenously two minutes prior to induction of anesthesia. Incidence and severity of Postoperative nausea and vomiting and the total amount of administered metoclopramide during the first postoperative day (24hours) were compared between the two groups.Results: There were no differences between the two groups regarding the age, sex, body mass index, NPO time, preoperative anxiety, and severity of post operative pain. Severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting were significantly lower in midazolam group during the first 24 hours after surgery compared with placebo group (nausea: 1.14±1.42 of a ten point visual analog scalevs.3.18±2.43 in placebo group, P<0.05), and (vomiting: 0.08±0.340vs.0.8±0.948 in placebo group, P<0.05). Midazolam group received a significantly less amount of metoclopramide during the first postoperative day (0.8±2.7 mgvs.2.2±1.4 mg in placebo group; P<0.05) but recovery time in midazolam group was slightly longer than placebo group (20.80±4.88 minutesvs.16.20±3.43; P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam premedication to reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Background: One of the most important problems in medicine is stress induced peptic ulcer. In spit of its importance, there is no confirming way to prevent it. The aim of this study is test effect of feeding on stress induced peptic ulcer as a preventive way.Method & materials: experiments were performed on 20 wistar male rats weighting 200±20 gram that were under standard condition and has free access to water and food. They randomly divided in 4 groups with 5 rats in each group.1) Fasting group with stress 2) feeding group with stress 3) fasting group without stress 4) feeding group without stress (control). Cold water (23o) immersion stress for 3.5 hours was used for inducing stress. All rats were killed and their stomachs were revised from point of view numbers and area of ulcers. Data were analyzed by ONE WAY ANOVA.Results: immersion in cold water in this method induced ulcer in stomach, area and number of ulcers in fast with stress group were significantly more than other groups.Conclusion: oral feeding during stress reduces gastric mucosal injury in rats that are under acute stress.It seems that food in stomach prevent stress contractions that induced ulcer due to ischemia.

Background: In view of the importance of micronutrients in metabolism and their critical role in health improvement and due to the fact that no comprehensive information on biochemical status of micronutrients exists, this study was carried out to determine the deficiencies of serum iron, zinc and copper in Tehran district.Materials & Methods: 206 families including 612 subjects (320 subjects in the city and 292 subjects in villages), 265 males (43%) and 347 females (57%) aged 3 to 83 years and mean±SD 39±19 years were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Individual questionnaires and demographic data were filled.Height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Then 10 ml of blood samples were collected and serum iron, zinc and copper assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery.Results: The results showed that the micronutrients deficiency was highly prevalent in Tehran. Mean serum iron was 114±45 mg/dl. No differences existed in mean concentrations between urban and rural areas.Mean serum copper was higher in the city compared to the villages (75±27 VS 67±23 mg/dl) while mean serum zinc was higher in rural 140±36 compared to urban areas 101±33 mg/dl. No one had zinc deficiency in rural areas while 19% of the city dwellers were zinc deficient. Iron deficiency was higher in urban compared to rural areas (6% and 3%). Rural subjects were more deficient in copper (68%) compared to urban subjects (55%). Percentage of zinc deficiency in males and females were similar. Iron deficiency prevalence was lower, while copper deficiency was higher in females compared to males. Iron and zinc deficiency were higher in older subjects, whereas copper deficiency was more prevalent in younger people.Conclusion: Because of the high prevalence of the deficiencies of these micronutrients, further surveys in other districts and studies on the etiology and curative measures are recommended.

Background: CT scan guided fine needle biopsy of the chest lesions are increasingly popular technique, but may have complications which the most common is pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to observe the complications of needle biopsy of chest lesions guided by the CT scan among the patients studied.Material & Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiologic study. All patients that referred to Imam Khomeini in Ahvaz from 2005 to 2007and it was necessary to biopsy the chest lesions were studied. Snapshot files on lung CT scan lesion size and depth measurements and the biopsy samples obtained were sent to pathology.After the biopsy the patient CT scan was to act as the presence or absence of symptoms, proper action was made of.Results: Among 102 patients studied, 85 patients (83.4%) were uncomplicated, but 8 patients (7.9%) were suffered from pneumothorax. In the study were made between lesion size and depth of complications found no correlation, but between lesion location and complications caused there was statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The needle biopsy guided by CT scan due to low complications in many cases is a suitable diagnostic method.

Introduction: Surveys on incidence of influenza A in military forces are so important due to population density in their dormitories and probability of severe epidemics occurrence.Methods and materials: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study executed in 2009 in Iranian land force of army (NEZAJA). Cases were definite patients during 2009 whose sickness were confirmed by virology tests (RT-PCR or Virus Culture) in reference laboratories.Results: 19 patients were reported by different units of NEZAJA during 2009. The highest number of patients (63% of all) was reported in November. Their mean age was 21.47 (SD 2.43) and all of them were male. 79% of patients were military service employees and 21% were formal staff. The highest number of patients was reported from A province (36.8% of all) and B province was in second order (31.6% of all). 10.5% of patients were working in health care systems. No dead case was reported in NEZAJA.Conclusion: The evaluation showed that in comparison with country population, control of influenza A in NEZAJA was totally satisfied.

Background: We selected all of Army hospital and dependences in TEHRAN, in order to functional Contrastive Analysis of Statistical unit Related to Army Hospitals based on Standards Confirmed by Ministry of Health & Medical Education in the year 1386 To comparing studied variables in this research adding library studies, interview, textually observation & professional ideas.Materials and methods: We delivered three answer sheets and four checklists in statistical society such as:1. The usage of computer checklist.2. To access the accounting statistical index checklist.3. To access the correctness accounting statistical index checklist.Results: After concluding row information, from statistical program named SPSS, we analysis and the conclusion are: -All of Hospital›s answerable of statistic unit have graduated in study field of Medical Record.-The majority of them (%57.1) have bachelor of sciences of medical record and just (%14.2) of them have master of art of medical record.-All of statistical units of Army dependences hospital are working between 2 years up to 6 years and just two hospitals (%28.5) have been working for 6 years.-About source reporting of diseases to statistical unit shows that in the (%42.8) of issue, the codification unit do it and in (%57.1) the secretary of reporting unit gives information to statistical unit.-In the most studied hospitals (%57.1) registering the submitting information and doing the accounting and access the indexes by computer and few hospitals using both computer and the people for submitting information.Conclusions: From researching of Army dependences hospitals function, we conclude to this: 1. Hospital D with average of (%86) is the best hospital in statistical act unit.2. Hospital G with the range of (%83) has the high percentage of using computer in the mentioned hospital.3. About comparing the average of differences between access accounting statistical indexes, two hospitals (B, E) have the high percentage (57%) of differences between accessing accounting statistical indexes.4. About accessing the correctness accounting and statistical indexes in two hospitals (D, E) have high percentage (71%) and there is no differences about accounting statistical correctness indexes between Army dependences hospitals in TEHRAN.

Background: occupational stress consists physical and emotional impacts on workers and decreased efficacy is its consequence. Nursery as a main axis of the health care system involves an occupational stress needs to cover by a management system. Recent studies focused on this aim. We targeted to evaluated stress level among the nurses of Iran University Hospitals.Material & Methods: 84 Female health nurses were evaluated by job stress brief questionnaire and divided to groups by some demographic criteria' s, comparing them together based on the questionnaire score.Results: The results have shown an intermediate level of stress among our targets. Stress had fewer level among married group. Urgency agents had a high significant amount of stress compare the others.Conclusion: Occupational stress influence efficacy of health nurses. Strategies to control personnel stress is necessary. Wards could divide nurses based on stress. Marriage had a significant effect on nurses occupational stress level. More steps may modify by learning the psycho method.

Background: Collegians especially medical students are a high-risk group for mental disorders. This project has done to evaluation of General health of medical students of AJA University of medical sciences-2009.Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross sectional study 52 medical students were included. They were asked to fill in GHQ-28 questionnaire. Cut of point was 23 and One sample T, One sample K-S, Two Sample T and Levene tests were applied to the variables using SPSS v.17.Results: The mean (±SD) of score of general health in medical students was 47.48 (±12.16). According to the P-Value of One sample K-S test (p=0.77) scores of general health at the a=0.05 have a normal distribution. Thus this mean is over than 23 and it means there are some disorders in the general health of medical students. P-Value of Levene test is 0.04 and it means there are no significant differences between the Variance of scores of general health in first year students and the second year. P-value of two sample T test is 0.57 and it means there are no significant differences between level of general health in these two groups. These results were also appeared for sub scales of GHQ-28 (p>0.05) Conclusions: According to the results of our research and some other researches about depression and stress in medical students, it seems that many of medical students all over the world suffer from general health and mental disorders. Prevention of these disorders is possible with guiding councils.

Background: With recent scientific progresses, the barren couples can become fertile and a part of children are the results of these costly interventions. there have been some concerns and questions about the physical and developmental growth of these children and some wide and continued studies are being done about this subject around the world. Prevalence of multiplicity, LBW, prematurity and congential abnormalities have been shown in these children.Material and Methods: We searched Pubmed and Cochrane databases for relevant articles published from 1991 to 2008. The following keywords were used: Invitro Fertilization (IVF), Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).Results: The studies have shown that the majority of neonate of ART methods, have proper prenatal period. the most important confounding factor in healt status of these neonates in prenatal period is multiplicity.ART twins encounter with more prenatal problems and the most important modifying factor is limitting the number of transferred embryos. These children have no difference physically and developmentaly with other children during infancy and childhood and the rate of disease is not higher either.Conclusion: The results of most of the research described suggest that childern conceived using ART, are not at greater risk of physically and developmentaly problem. The risk difference for major congenital malformation, LBW and prematurity are low and probably acceptable for the couples concerned.