SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2006 | Volume:10 | Issue:12|Papers Count:15

In this study all quarters of 18 dairy cows were infected experimentally with St. agalactiae. The infected animals were divided in three groups containing; Group I (six cows treated with 15% lotions of Eucolyptus), Group II (six cows treated with lotion which contains 10%Eucalyptus and 50% Geranium Group III (six cows experimentally infected but not treated). CMT test and culture of milk samples were performed to ensure that they hadn't any mastitis. Then, animals' were infected using 6x106c fu St. agalactiae. Each group was treated after milking (2 times per day) for three consecutive days (total six times) with 150ml of lotions. Lotions were applied on skin of the udders for two minutes. After treatments, CMT and culture of milk samples were done to evaluate the treatments. Based on one way analysis of variance there was not significance difference between treatment group and control group. We concluded that topical application of 10 or 15percent of Eucalyptous essence had no therapeutic effect on experimental mastitis caused by St. agalactiae.

Ketosis is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormally elevated concentrations of the ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids. In cattle, ketosis is a disease of dairy herds and is prevalent in most countries where intensive farming is practiced. Ketosis occurs in two forms: clinical or sub - clinical. Subclinical ketosis occurs more commonly than clinical ketosis and has more significant economic importance. This study was carried out to find the occurrence of subclinical ketosis in four dairy herds around Arak. Milk samples were taken from 394 dairy cows in 2-8 week after calving. The samples were examined with Rothera's test. Results showed subclinical ketosis in 6 cases (% 1.5). Although no positive case was found during the spring, in each of other seasons, 2 cases of subclinical ketosis were found. In each groups of first, second and third calving, 2 cows were positive in Rothera's test. Daily milk production in 5 positive cows was 20-30 Kg/day and in 1 cow was 30-40 Kg/day.

This study was carried out to demonstrate the influence of age, sex and season on hematological parameters in Mazandaranian Zell sheep (non-fat taile). Blood samples were taken from 549 sheeps in the second half of last month of each season from Agust 2000 to June 2001. These animals were divided into two age groups, less (258) and more (291) than one year old and also two sex groups; female (449) and male (109). Regardless of sex, age and season, the mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC were 7.1±1x106/ml, 10.6±1.6 gr/dl, 32 %±5.3 43.6±3.4 fL, 14.5±1.2pg and 33.1±2 gr/dl, respectively. Total WBC was 9.9±1.1x103/ml and the results of differential count were lymphocyte 67.2%±4.8 (4450-9268/ml), neutrophil 30.7%±4.6 (1670-4803/ml) eosinophil 1.2%±0.2 (61-193/ml), basophil, monocyte and neutrophil band 0.5%±0.25 (0-121/ml). Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between two age groups on RBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil and MCHC and between male and female on MCHC and neutrophil. However between seasons with exception of neutrophil band, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte, the differences were significant on other of these parameters.

To determine early detection of pregnancy in rat by ultrasonography, 60 female rat (Rattus norvegicus) were synchronized by intraperitoneal injection of 4 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Females were coupled with males only for a day. Females were separated and kept in cages. Transabdomial ultrasonography was performed using 7-15 MHz linear transducer every 12 hrs from day after mating to day when pregnancy was diagnosed. Early detection of pregnancy was day 8 by visualization of anechoic circular embryonic vesicles. The size of embryonic vesicles was between 2.9 to 3.7 millimeter. The mean value for the size of embryonic vesicles was 3.3 mm at day 8, 3.7 mm at day 9 and 4.9mm at day 10. Early pregnancy detection was made at day 8 in 8 cases (22.2%), at day 9 in 14 cases (38.8%) and at day 10 in 36 cases (100%).

In order to determine the total protein and electrophoretic pattern of hemolymph protein, 275 white Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus), which had been cultured for 4 months in a farm located in Helleh of Bushehr Province, Iran were harvested and used for the study. Hemolymph samples were taken from ventral sinus of the shrimps. Total hemolymph protein was measured by the biuret method and protein fractionation was performed using the agarose gel electrophoresis. In this study, the mean normal values of total protein was 8.6±1.0 g/dl. The result of white Indian shrimp hemolymph electrophoresis consisted of 3 peak. The mean valus of fractions were 8.2±1.0 g/dl (95.5±3.6%), 0.2±0.0 g/dl (1.9±0.7%) and 0.3±0.0 g/dl (3.0±0.8%).

Antibacterial effects of commonly used veterinary disinfectants were compared by quantitative suspension method in presence and absence of 50% plasma as a organic material. Decimal reductions (DR) of viable Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1113) counts after 2 and 5 min. exposure to manufacturer's recommended concentrations (MRC), or MRCI and MRC2 of common used veterinary disinfectants in presence of 50% human sterile plasma and sterile distilled water were determined. The DR means among experimental groups were compared by ( the Friedman Repeated measures ANOVA on ranks. The DR of Cetrimide- C, Betadine 10%, Teat guard, Mycogerm, Behasa no.1, Hybactergent 60 and Virucidal extra and normal saline (control) were 4.89, 4.94, 4.89, 2.11, 2.28, 2.28,1 (in absence of plasma) and 2.33, 2.17,3.33,1, 1, 1, 1 (in presence of plasma), respectively. So Cetrimide-C, Betadine 10% and Teat Guard had the most bactericidal effects and Virucidal extra had no effect. Bactericidal effects of more phenolic disinfectants were inhibited by plasma. The MRC of Cetrimide-C, Betadine 10% and Teat Guard could kill viable bacteria even in presence of 50% plasma.

In this survey thirty naturally infected sheep were selected and divided into five groups consisting of six sheep. Four groups were treated by Mebendazole (20 mg/kg), Albendazole (15 mg/kg), Praziquantel (50 mg/kg) and Febantel (50 mg/kg) and one group was selected as control. Egg counts were made on fecal samples on 3 and 5 days pretreatment and 1, 7, 14, 28 days after treatment. Flotation technique with saturated zinc sulfate solution was used for fecal examination.The efficacy of drugs is calculated and compared with control before and after treatment based on reduction of E.P.G. On the basis of the fecal egg counts, the efficacy of Mebendazole, Albendazole, Praziquantel and Febantel against Dicrocoelium dendriticum was measured 91/62%, 93/71%, 95/58% and 91/03%, respectively. Therefore, Praziquantel (50 mg/kg) had more effect than other treatments against Dicrocoelium dendriticum, but significantly difference did not observe among Praziquantel and other drugs in treatment of dicrocoeliasis.

This study was conducted to evaluate the estradiol and progesterone profiles of 6 adult, cyclic Arabian mars during estrous cycle. Blood samples were daily collected via jugular venopuncture. Plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at -20°C till measuring by radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. The mean of plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations were analyzed by analysis variance (repeated measures test using GLM; SPSS). Results showed that the mean (±SEM) of progesterone concentrations was below 1 ng/ml during estrus stage. The progesterone concentration increase to 2.87±0.64ng/ml within 24 hours after ovulation. The progesterone concentration increased significantly from day 1 to day 6 (P<0.05; 2.87±0.44 to 12.7±3.94 ng/ml) of estrous cycle. Between days 7 to 14 of cycle, progesterone concentration was over 1ng/ml, which start to decreased (P<0.05; 0.8±0.3ng/ml) during day 14 and 15 to get the basal level. The mean (±SEM) of estradiol concentration was 108.26±32.00 pg/ml 2 days before ovulation. During day 1to 22 it was 31.90±11.60 to 92.20±27.20 pg/ml, which increased (P<0.05) during day 23 to 24. The peak of estradiol concentration (106.9±37.8 pg/ml) occurred on day 24 of the estrus cycle. The mean length of estrus cycle and estrus period (P4<1 ng/ml) was 23 and 9.6 days, respectively. 

This study was aimed to provide information about the histology of the cardiac atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle of rat. This information is needed in various fields of veterinary sciences, such as histology, anatomy, physiology, pathology and cardiology. Four male rats were used for this study. A sample consisted of the lower part of the interatrial septum along right atrioventricular fibrous ring, right trigona fibrosa and upper part of the interventricular septum was separated from each heart. The atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle were studied by routine histological techniques.In rat, the atrioventricular node had a highly compact structure. It was elongated and almost spindle in shape. There were internodal pathways in the heart of rat which were connected to the dorsal portion and caudal end of the atrioventricular node. The cells of the atrioventricular bundle appeared to be organized into fascicles, separated by fine collagen fibers. They were consisted of purkinje, transitional, and normal myocardial cells. The results were compared with the available data on the human and other species and following conclusions were made: 1- In rat, the anatomical location of the atrioventricular node is similar to those of rabbit, guinea pig and ovine fetuses. However, it is different from human, dog, horse, cattle, camel, goat and cat. 2- Morphologically, the atrioventricular node of the rat's heart is more elongated than this structure in human, dog, horse, cattle, goat, cat, guinea pig and ovine fetuses. 3- The anatomical location of the atrioventricular bundle is similar to those of rabbit, guinea pig and ovine fetuses.

Fish helminthic infestation is one of the most important problems in aquaculture industry. In this study 320 fresh tiger tooth croaker, black pomfret, javelin grunter and malabar blood snapper (80 from each species) were sampled and transferred to the laboratory. All of the organs of the fishes were studied by routin parasitological methods. Accurding to the obtained results, black pomfert had the highest frequency of helminthic infestation (81.2%) and the most infested organ of this fish was the stomach (65%). The frequency of Trematoda, Nematoda, Acantocephala and Cestoda infestation in this fish species were 73.7%, 7.5%, 7.5% and 6.25%, respectively. The least infested fish were javelin grunter (20%) and the infestation rate to trematoda, cestoda, nematoda and acantocephala in this fish were 5%, 7.5%, 5% and 2.5% respectively. The most infested organs of this fish were the intestine and abdominal cavity (7.5%). The helminths that have been recognized were as follow: Anisakis sp., Tetrarhynchus sp., Serrasentis sp, Allocreadium sp. , Elythrophallus sp., Lacithoc/adium sp., Contracaecum sp., Stephanostomum sp. , Pysnadenoides sp. , lndocucullanus sp., Raphidascaris sp., Caryophyllaeus sp., Philophorus sp., prosogonotrema sp., Grillotia sp. and Pleorchis sp.