LAW & POLITICS RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2006 | Volume:8 | Issue:20 (SPECIAL OF POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)|Papers Count:8

Since the establishment of I.R. Iran in 1979 (1357), Afghanistan issue has been one of the important cases and problems of it's foreign policy. In spite of this position and importance of this country. Iran’s foreign policy has not been constant. But, with due attention to the internal developmens of Afghanistan, regional and international this factor has been exposed to change and modification, in a way that, due to the occurence of deep and serious crisis at this three leves, Afghanistan has been considered as the most important subject and difficulty of Iran's foreign policy of some times. International coalition forces attack, headed by the US, to Afghanistan and the subsequent dowufall of TALEBAN in December 2001, can be considered as one of those periods. Although this event can not be taken as a–“foreign policy crisis” for LR. Iran, but has created an International and regional crisis in lrans’ peripherial security environment and severly affected her security and nation interests.In this article, its attempted to analyse the circumstances and behaviour of I.R. Irans’ foreign policy in this crisis. Because it was expected that as out of the crucial playes, was going to have an active and constructive role-in the mentioned process -in Afghanistan. Therefore, objectives, learning, tendency and the behaviour of Iran’s foreign policy in three periods before the war, military operations phase and construction era, are investigated. The main goal of this paper is to explain the determining factors of Iran' s foreign policy and constituent elementh of it’s behviour in Afghanistan crisis.

This article seeks to offer a theoretical explanation of U.S. Foreign Policy in Middle East after September 11. According to Ideologic and normative independent variables in U.S. foreign policy especially after 9/11 events, the authors claim that Constructivism theory help us to understand U.S. foreign policy better than Realism and Liberalism Approaches. In the point of view of Constructivism theory, national and international Norms. like un independent variable have had a important and determinant role in american foreign policy orientations.

The behavior of actors in the world scene do not shape in the vacuum. There are many forces and factors which are of importance in framing the behavior. Govermental, national and trans national actors’ behavior are determind to a large extent by domestic and international considerations. Behavior has domestic and international dimensions which don’t carry the same weight. The foundamented domestic factor is the notion of national interest and the essential international one is the international system. The interaction of these two components shape the framework which in its context the behavior of the actor is formed.

Our world is faced with two conflicity situation and positions now a days. Firsthy, it experience the emergence of a network consisting of political and ideological movements of religious and native mirorities, feminists, emigrants, environmentalists, and... that produce ideas, behaviours and a culture different from the society’s dominant cultures and try to acquire their “identity recognition”. Secondly, globalization has caused a new understanding of the “world reality” that accordingly, our world has been changed to a common participatory environment with its special technological cultural and economical forces that the most important characteristic of it, is emergence of the world culture.The main guestion is that: what has been the impact of globalization over the domain of culture? Has globalization caused the dissolution of special cultural identities in the room of new common world culture?Does globalization mean the dominance of Anglo-American, culture, and negation of all the new identities? Or alongside this world-culture, cultural pluralism is continued This article having described the situation of phenomenon of globalization, tries to investigate the situation of identity and cultural plurality in the globalization era; thus, the hypothesis of this article is that globalization having created the world culture, has provided the necessary condition for emergence and continuation of religious, national, native, local cultures and pluralistic identities.This identity-making process can be, sometimes, manifested in the frame of Naturalization of world values like: democracy, civilsociety, trade and economyets. Just as some countries, use the mentional world values, adding the identity and caltural bonds of their society, such as Islamic democracy.

Richard Rorty is an American representative of postmodern thought, who has tried to reformulate liberalism in such a way that it can accommodate the philosophical claims of postmodernism in an age of uncertainty and diversity. He argues that abstract notions such as “absolute truth”, “humanity as such”, “rational being”, etc., when subjected to “conceptual analysis” and close scrutiny about their nature, raise a “sense of artificiality”. Such a taste for “deconstruction”, however, is not to be taken as ‘a good sign of lack of moral responsibility’. In particular, Rotry is concerned with the liberal culture of human rights and tolerance, and tries to vindicate if without appealing to traditional western philosophy and its conceptions. For this purpose, he puts forward his own pragmatism, which contains three main elements: anti-representationalism, a solidarity-based account of rationality, and anti-foundationalism in moral and political views. On the other hadn, Rorty’s political humiliation, in the public realm, and facilitating sefl-creation, in the private sphere. Rorty’s thought in all these areas, however, have been subject to severe criticisms.

Goverment in Bazargan’s political thought is derived from his religious and theoretical foundations which is influenced by social developments of his times. In his political thought we face with two kinds of geverments: religious democracy and constitutional democracy. There are some similarities and also some differences between them. Bazargan formed his religious democracy which was the composition of religious and democratic principles between 1340-1357.He also had a stable idea in constitutional democracy during his life but in his late works he explained it clearly. In this kind of goverment the scope of intervension of religion in politics has been but he argued that there is a separation between religion and goverment. According to his late view goverment is a human and rational fact. But in this kind of goverment he also considered the religious doctorins in Islam.

Immanual Kants’ thought on perpetual peace on the basis of prelimminary articles and definitive conditions for peace and co-existance between nations and states, is a combination of realistic ideas such as an federation of free states, and also ideals that although it is not easy to be fulfilled, can motivate mankind towards a humanistic development on the future. Kant’s “Cosmopolitan Society” is reflected in “Global Civil Society” and “World Citizens” as two contemporary concepts, after about two centuries on the contrary, a “Unified World Government” is conditional, for it depends upon the level of human being's education and culture in the world; otherwise, such a goverment can be ended to despotism and decline. Admittedly, to achieve cosmopolitanism in all its aspects, one of the main way is interaction through a profound and steady dialogue and co-operation.