GANJINE-YE ASNAD
Year:2018 | Volume:28 | Issue:1 (110) |Papers Count:8

Purpose: Trade relations between the two countries during Qajar period until the end of the last years of Mozaffar al-Din Shah (1896-1907) are studied to explore the impact of imports on the economy of Iran.Method and Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from library resources and archival records of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tehran.Findings and Conclusion: A wide variety of goods was traded between the two countries. European products imported from India into the Iranian market led to the closure of many newly established industries of Iran. However, as the result of such imports, Iranians became familiar with modern agricultural and industrial technologies as some government officials sought to import such technologies to the country.

Purpose: To study social, economic, and cultural life of the people of the region though the contents of marriage certificates.Method and Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from marriage certificates held at the Central Archives of Astan Quds Razavi. Marriage certificates were divided into three groups: Mohammad Shah and early Naser Al-Din Shah years (circa.1838-1855), Naser Al-Din Shah years (circa.1856-1890), and later years of the Qajarid era (circa.1890-1925).Findings and Conclusion: Early marriage certificates are written in plain language. Items included in the certificates as mahriyyeh shows that the overall economic condition of people was not poor. Certificates of the second period are written in a more pedantic style, but show some economic improvements. It seems that marriage with people from out of the region had become more common than before. In the certificates of the of last period, mention of imported items indicates the expansion of trade with western countries as well as further improvement in economic condition of people.

Purpose: The role of Ahmadvand nomads in the western borders of Iran in the later part of the 19th century, and how they were expelled from the country is reviewed in this paper.Method and Research Design: Archival records and library resources were consulted to collect data.Findings and Conclusion: Ahmadvands were Ottoman Empire subjects; however, they often passed the borders freely and often settled in Iran. They imposed a threat to the region by looting and being involved in armed clashes. Governors of Kermanshahan failed to expel them from the Iranian territory for decades as Ahmadvands had strategic advantages in the region due to having control over the routes of other nomads. The governor of Zil el-Soltan deceived them by signing a peace agreement with their chiefs first, then ambushed and killed the chiefs, and forced the tribe to leave Iran.

Purpose: This paper explores the policies and purposes of half a century of cultural and social activities of Americans in Iran, from around 1925 to 1979.Methodology and Research Design: A descriptive-analysis research method was used based on documents, library, press resources and interviews.Findings and Conclusion: Activities were driven by the political interests of the United States. Promotion of American values and life style as an ideal model was pursued consistently under the cover of cultural, social, and anthropological programs for enhancing political influence. Isfahan, as an industrial and business hub of Iran, was at the center of the interest. Enjoying judicial immunity, some of the American officials engaged in activities that lead to outrage among the public.

Purpose: To gain an insight into the political, social, and cultural development in Iran by identifying the themes and aesthetics of postal stamps issued since 1979.Method and Research Design: 93 frames of stamps were analyzed from the point of view of subject, theme, and design.Findings and Conclusion: Politics and religion are dominant subjects in all the 93 frames. The themes follow events in a chronological order. Triangle design seems to indicate the three stages of Islamic spirituality.

Purpose: This paper explains what factors impact preservation and access to materials in audiovisual archives, including those of radio and television; where and when access contributes to preservation and where it endangers them due to such acts as manipulation, distortion, censorship or destruction. The paper proposes strategies for maintaining a balance between the two.Method and research design: Library resources were consulted to prepare this paper.Findings and conclusion: Migration of contents to alternative formats is suggested as an effective strategy to achieve the balance between preservation and access.

Purpose: To examine the effect of yellow color tonality of safflower based on old Iranian dye making instructions. Color resistance and stability of colored papers against light was tested to identify advantages and disadvantages of the dyeing method.Methodology and Research Design: Instructions for making yellow tonality with safflower were extracted from old Iranian texts. Three samples of the same colored restored paper were colored with safflower and dried. The samples and the control sample were exposed to light in xenon chamber at 45°C temperature and 25% relative humidity, then changes of color were measured with colorimeter and compared with the samples before exposure. Degradation of cellulose in exposure to light with photochemical reactions, the cellulose degradation rate was studied with pH Meter, FTIR. Tensile strength was measured.Findings and Conclusion: Wattman paper showed more stability than the other two samples due to the lack of additives. Also, samples colored in accordance with conventional instructions showed more color change than those colored with old instructions with regard to calorimetric parameters. Destruction of samples colored according to both instructions was negligible. Therefore, the coloring with safflower does not cause serious damages to cellulose fibers.