GANJINE-YE ASNAD
Year:2018 | Volume:27 | Issue:4 (108) |Papers Count:8

Purpose: Examines the themes of postal stamps in the first 12 years of Mohammad Reza Shah (1941-1953) as a graphical narrator of the history and culture of Iran.Method and Research Design: A comprehensive collection of stamps were surveyed. The images of stamps were classified to identify the themes and compared with those which published during the years of Reza Shah (1925-1941) Findings: Dominance of Islamic and medieval history of Iran themes is obvious during the 1941- 1953 period. This is in sharp contrast to the themes of previous period (1925-1941) which overwhelmingly represent ancient Iranian themes.

Purpose: Sending opponents to exile was an infamous punishment, practiced during the time of Reza Shah. In order to reveal dimensions of the practice, this paper asks who, why, and by which authorities people were sent to exile.Method and Research Design: Data for this paper was gathered from archival records held in the depositories of the National Archive of Iran.Findings: Soon after the enthronement Reza Shah, Ali Akbar Davar was appointed as the minister of justice to set up a modern judiciary system. A new Penal Code which passed the Majlis (the Parliament) in 1925, was an important component of the.In the new legislation, a number of punishments were replaced by exile. Consequently, the number of people sent exile increased. Many of exiles were not issued by courts of law, but were decisions made by the police chiefs and by the military .Legislations such as mandatory military service, uniform civil clothing, and forced settlement of nomads caused rebellion in different sectors. Exile was a common way of suppressing such events.

Purpose: The paper explains how and why sectarian issues and the shariah found an important and continous themes in the relations between the Iranian and Ottoman empires during the Safavid and Afsharid periods.Method and Research Design: Data for this paper was gathered from archival records.Findings: The relationship between the Sunni Ottomans and Shiite Safavids turned tense and turbulent soon after the latter was established in Iran. Real problems were of strategic and economic nature; however, religious differences were always pretexts for war, more frequently by the Ottomans. Several peace treaties were signed, in all of them religious issues were prominent.

Purpose: Expectations from the judiciary after the democratic revolution of 1906, as well as the relation of such expectations with people's understanding of the nature of courts in a democratic system, and the efforts of the Judiciary to meet such expectations are discussed.Method and Research Design: This study mainly draws on archival documents belong to Amjad al-Sultan, the first deputy minister of justice after the revolution during the years1907-1911.Findings: Findings show that people hoped for radical changes in the justice system in line with their understanding of what a court should be in the post-revolutionary time. Despite the efforts made by the system people expectations, turned to be unrealistic due to the chronic nature of the problems.

Purpose: Identifies and examines appropriate descriptive elements for oral history materials retrieval systems of archives and oral history production centers.Method and Research Design: Views of 20 professional archivists were surveyed using a researcher designed questionnaire.Findings: Out of 263 elements applicable to archives, 47 matched with the elements of Dublin Core and PB Core standards. From the first section of the questionnaire, the respondents pointed to 7 elements namely, "Title", "Subject", "Access Status", "abstract", and “Coverage Temporal as required. From the second part of the questionnaire, they selected 5 elements, consisting of "Description- Table of Contents", "Usage- Language", "Type- Genre" and "Title- Program" as the most appropriate elements.

Purpose: This paper proposes a framework for developing a policy for digitization of archival materials at the National Archives of Iran (NAI).Method and Research Design: The first phase included a number of interviews carried out with professional archivists at NAI. Then digitization policies of a number of countries were examined. Finally Delphi technique was used to reach to consensus. Findings: Findings indicated that 18 criteria are essential for a policy of digitization. At this time the NAI meets only 7, including selection of records, technical equipment and requirements, digital document organization policy, labeling, description, legal issues, and access policy.

Purpose: Old carpet cartoons are art works that reflect significant aspects of the Iranian culture with them. However, over many years many are damaged because of different reasons. This paper reports a study that was carried out to identify factor caused the problem.Method and research design: Laboratory techniques as well as observation were employed to collect data. Experiments were performed using SEM / EDX and microscopic studies to identify the damage.Findings: Fillers and covers of papers consist of kaolin, calcium sulfate and magnesium silicate. The pigments used are lead carbonate (white lead), white zinc (zinc oxide), red lead (lead oxide), green chromic oxide, lead chromites (yellow chromium), and ocher. Mechanical damages caused by human mistreatments are numerous particularly in Kerman. The kinds and the extent of damages were resulted from the technique of production. For the purpose of repairs and preservation, supports, fiberglass, and cardboard, ordinary lacquer oil are not suitable. The use of acid-free cardboard backings and varnish (protective coating) with protective property but without adverse effects on cartoons is recommended.