DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (JOURNAL OF IRANIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS)
Year:2014 | Volume:10 | Issue:39|Papers Count:9

identifying variables that affect the development of symptoms of anxiety is clinically important. Understanding how these variables work is crucial in the area of prevention and treatment of psychological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relation between insecure attachment styles and anxiety symptoms. Three hundred seventy nine participants (181 females, 198 males) were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2011, 2013), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problem (IIP; Horowitz, Rosenberg, Baer, Ureno, & Villasenor, 1988), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS; Lovibond, & Lovibond, 1995). The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The correlations between insecure attachment styles, interpersonal problems, and anxiety symptoms were significantly positive. Path analysis indicated that the relation between interpersonal problems and anxiety symptoms mediated by insecure attachment styles. The findings suggested that the relation between insecure attachment styles and anxiety symptoms is not a simple linear one. Attachment styles affect anxiety symptoms partly through interpersonal problems. Considering these variables may be important in preventing anxiety disorders and promoting mental health in general population.

the present study aimed to examine the relationship between sleeping problems and five type of settling to sleep strategies in 1-2 year old infants. One hundred eighty mothers with infants ages between one and two years from three health-centers located in district 9 of city of Mashhad, Iran participated in the study. The participants completed the Infant Sleep Questionnaire (Morrell, 1999) and the Parental Interactive Bedtime Behavior Questionnaire (Morrell & Cortina-Borja, 2002). The results indicated that 1-2 year old infants’ sleeping problems significantly correlated with total score of settling to sleep strategies and two types of settling to sleep strategies (active and passive physical comforting). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that active and passive physical comforting strategies were significant predictors of infants' sleep problems. Active physical comforting unlike passive physical comforting strategy was significant predictor for infants' sleep problems by itself. The findings emphasized identifying unsuitable settling to sleep strategies and prevention of using them in infants.

the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles dimensions and fear of negative evaluation and to examine the differences between gifted and normal adolescent girls in these relations. In a survey study, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Brief Form (Leary, 1983)) and Parenting styles Questionnaire (Schaefer, 1965) were administered to 137 female high school students (34 gifted, 103 normal). The data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and z test. Results indicated that 1) there was a positive correlation between control dimension of parenting style and fear of negative evaluation, 2) no significant correlation was observed between warmth dimension and fear of negative evaluation, 3) in normal adolescents group, the control dimension had no significant relation with fear of negative evaluation, but this relation was positive and significant for gifted student group, 4) the z-test indicated no difference between the two groups. The findings suggested that the more control over the children, the more they will be sensitive to negative evaluation of others and this is more salient for gifted children.

this study aimed to determine the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities in city of Tehran.In this semi-experimental study, 36 students (27 males, 9 females) were selected. The sample was partly a convenient and partly a selective sampling procedure from centers for learning disorders located in Tehran 6th district between 2012-2013 academic year. The students of each center were assigned randomly and equally to either experimental or control groups. All students completed the Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory (1977) before and after training intervention.The experimental group received eleven group sessions of attribution retraining program twice a week. Each session lasts for 45 minutes. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and analysis of covariance. The results indicated that attribution retraining program significantly decreased the depression scores of students with learning disabilities. It is concluded that attribution retraining group program may reduce the symptoms of depression of students with learning disabilities.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relation between personality traits and self-determination of exercise behavior. The sample consisted of 450 (236 females, 214 males) students between the ages of 18 and 49 years (M=23.37, SD=4.80) from eighth area of Islamic Azad University. The sample was selected through cluster random sampling. The participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al, 1995).The results indicated that sport motivation components were explained by personality traits. Among personality traits, openness to experience had direct relations with all sport motivation subscales. There was no significant relation between extraversion and amotivation, and between conscientiousness and intrinsic motivation to accomplish. Also, neuroticism had negative relations with identified and introjected components, and positively correlated with amotivation.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between perceived social support and religious beliefs with post traumatic growth. Ninety five patients referring to Shohadaye-e-Tajrish Hospital of Tehran and Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan participated in the study. The participants completed the Traumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), the Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988) and the Religious Beliefs Inventory (Vaziri, 2012). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis (simple and multiple). The results indicated that perceived social support and religious beliefs in cancer patients had direct significant relation with post traumatic growth and these two variables jointly explained 13.3 percent of post traumatic growth. The findings suggested the perceived social support and religious beliefs can be used to provide improving plans, promoting mental health, and post traumatic growth.

this study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of social support on psychological well-being at work among employed women. The sample consisted of 360 employed women from Shiraz University. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al., 1986), the Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs Scale at work (LaGuardia et al., 2000), and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff & Keys, 1995). The results of path analysis indicated that the social support had direct and indirect effects, through satisfying the need for relatedness and need for competence, on the psychological well-being. There was no significant difference between single and married employed women in psychological well-being, satisfying basic psychological needs and social support. These findings emphasize the role of employment and social interactions on well-being of women in work environment.

the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Parents Management Training (PMT) on improvement of symptoms in girls and boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on a semi-experimental design, 56 children (42 boys, 14 girls) between the ages of 5 and 13 years were selected from specialized psychiatric clinics of children and adolescents in the city of Tabriz. The participants were assigned into either experimental or control groups using randomized replacement method after being matched for gender, age, and education of mother. While both groups were treated using medication (i.e., Ritalin), the experimental group (mothers of ADHD children) received seven sessions of the PMT (Barkley, 1981) for seven weeks in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tabriz. The results of one-directional analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the effect of the PMT on ADHD syndrome was statistically significant The training program significantly improved the symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group, but there was no change in the control group. The differences between boys and girls were also significant. Girls were affected by PMT method more than boys, and the level of improvement was also higher in girls.