JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2009 | Volume:13 | Issue:16|Papers Count:8

That humans set up the nation and a country or political organizations have found have the power of their combined resultant force is obtained and it can be a national power that country or nation, he said. National Power is the origin and diversity principles in a working group to produce national power pay. Subject of national power by geographers, geopolitical and geo-political experts, political science and international relations, strategists and politicians have been considered and each of them have tried to list the factors affecting national power to provide the bulk of They shared there. Geography major factors in theories of national power experts have been above. Geographical factors in the two categories of factors and natural geography and human geography as a quantitative and qualitative impact of national power are the main. Iran with a special status in terms of the geographical potential is the Middle East could be the top national power. In this study we seek to answer these questions that the original context and principles of national power determines what Geographical component in effective national power are there? Iran's status in terms of having power components How Blessed?

One of the major problems in metropolitans of the world is Natural hazards. Natural hazards, particularly earthquakes always threaten human habitat and lives and in a short time can damage and casualties rather than leave a very broad. Between this, Iran due to placement in earthquake belt of the Himalayas, the Alps not exempt from this rule and are of the most disaster prone countries of the world. Accordingly, the overall urban environment on which it has deployment on faults, such as Tehran metropolitan with a population density up to attract the most vulnerable than are other parts. The one hand, man-made elements and non-compliance with certain principles in these places within places such as levels, lack of open spaces and low user area is highly vulnerable and probable losses resulting from earthquakes will doubled. So evaluate natural hazards with the impact of human-made factors in metropolitan environments is one of the main issues considered in this paper. This article evaluated to increases the intensity and quantity the vulnerability of urban areas and units of the earthquakes caused by human-made factors in five metropolitan area of Tehran. In this context, the combined knowledge of urban planning and fuzzy logic methods and Geography information system (GIS) is used. Criteria evaluation includes the main fault north of Tehran, subsidiary faults and the width of streets, open spaces and user area in the surface region. Research results by fuzzy method show that the rate vulnerability caused by an earthquake in Tehran metropolitan 5 area, including 4.82 percent with very low vulnerability, low vulnerability of 26.94 percent, 35.16 percent with moderate vulnerability, 27.96 percent with a significant vulnerability, 2.88 with high vulnerability, the vulnerability of 1.33 percent and 0.91 percent of very large buildings are quite vulnerable.

Run off generation is determined by watershed characteristics: climate, topography, soil and vegetation. Also, it is necessary to know the area with high run off generation in terms of watershed management. In this study Kasilian Watershed with 68 km2 surfaces was separated to 32 small sub-basins. The purpose of this study is flood production potential zoning. In first, physical model of Kasilian Watershed was simulated by using GIS (HEC-GeoHMS extension) and DEM. Then, a rainfall-run off model was presented by using SCS method and HEC-HMS software for Kasilian Watershed. The presented model was optimized and validated. Then sub-basins flood production potential was investigated by using sub-watershed single successive elimination method and these sub-basins were classified in terms of run off generation and flood production potential. Finally, the results were presented as a flood production potential zoning map.

The development of villages is one of the main factors of national development. In recent years, villages have been the field of many constructional projects and investments to eradicate poverty from them. Therefore, governments, by conducting plans and developmental projects in the form of short and long term constructional programs, have attempted to reach an ideal environmental condition in rural settlements. Accordingly, governments have spent large sums of money for doing these constructional projects in rural settlements. This paper aims at the explanation of the consequences of these constructional projects in stabilizing the population of rural settlements in waravi district by considering the bulk of the plans and projects conducted there. Considering the documents related to the investment of constructional plans and projects in the villages of waravi district during the Islamic Revolution years (1358-1378), 1270418 million Rails was spent in the villages of the district of which 1202918 was spent widely and 6750 was spent pointedly. It is expected that during this period these investments must have shown their positive effects in the developmental transformation and stabilization of the population in the villages of waravi district. However, the findings of this research show that the correlation between the investments for constructional projects and the stabilization of population in these villages has been very low. In other words, there is not a meaningful relationship between the investments and the stabilization of the population of the villages so much so that from the 15 villages located in this district, 9 villages have had a negative population growth rate and the other villages have had a stark reduction of population growth rate.

One of the rarest forms of informal settlement area in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis in recent decades formed the indicators heavily on Tehran metropolitan city is affected. This study identified areas and informal settlement area Islamshahr based social and economic indicators and the methods and strategies for promoting physical environment Hydrology and ultimately aims to provide accommodation procedures empower neighborhood residents were informal. Research in analytical -descriptive information has been collected documents in coordination with relevant administrative agencies such as the Statistical Center of Iran and Ministry of Housing and Urban Development and field information through discussion groups formed in the fourth quarter and 840 questionnaires goal is achieved. Research findings has shown that one of the cities Islamshahr or special zoning areas for informal settlements and the town of as many cities in the conventional and the same is different. Islamshahr neighborhood south of the Main Abad full symbols in informal settlements is of the city. Because this kind of neighborhood to neighborhood because of the isolated city neighborhoods does not have enough conventional development of a lower level than other neighborhoods has Islamshahr. While these neighborhoods due to being outside the city limits of legal and non-conventional development, physical and social structures, in particular, has the most deprivation.

Geomorphologic hazards are most importance task for sustainable development in an urban area. Furthermore, the Geo-Hazard study for identification and vulnerability assessment in term of zonation can help urban planner to determined high risk area. The out com map of this study can mark the target area for future physical developing as low to high hazard zone. Where the city physical developing in form of settlements and infrastructures should take place in a low hazard area for its more safety. This research work involved geomorphologic hazard assessment (Geo-hazard) in Mahneshan urban area. The study’s main objects are to identify and prepare an inventory of morphological hazardous factors for integrated and vulnerability assessments as well as physical developing trend extraction. A loge with this two main aims, the hazard map of pervious developed area was generated to identify the degree of safety for human and infrastructures. The several data input namely remote sensing images, hydrological and climatic data, digital thematic maps, etc. along with field data collection has been processed over GIS environment to prepared digital layers as input to model for final Geo-hazard map generation. The set of geomorphologic maps such as litiology, morpho units, lineaments, land use/Landover, slope, aspect, drainage pattern, and soil were forms an input as an integrated database in the analysis of the Landslide Hazard Zonation Map (LHZM), Earthquake Risk Map (ERM) and Flood Hazard Map (FHM). The three above individual maps were classed into three different categories from very high to very low hazard. The amount of weight that is given to a certain factor and the way this factor is classified is highly subjective. The different hazards with their respective weighted values were combined into a Geo-hazard map.