JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (15)|Papers Count:10

Aim and Background: Through forgiveness the offended person decreases revenge motivations and avoidance from the offender, and is motivated to increase consolation and good will for the offender. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the transgression-related interpersonal motivations inventory (TRIM) in married men and women.Method and Materials: This study was of a correlational type. The participants were 245 males and 247 females selected through a multistage-cluster random sampling among the parents of high school students in Ahvaz. The two scales administrated in this study were: (a) transgression related interpersonal motivations inventory (TRIM) and (b) trait forgivingness scale (TFS). A cronbach’s a was calculated to examine the reliability of the TRIM inventory. moreover the discriminate validity and the principal components factor analysis were used to examine the validity of the TRIM inventory.Findings: The calculated a for the TRIM inventory was 0.85 and 0.91 for revenge and avoidance dimensions respectively and 0.92 for the whole questionnaire. The validity of the inventory was also examined through correlating it to the TFS, given the values of -0.579 and -0.595 for revenge and avoidance dimensions. A principal components factor analysis extracted two factors for the inventory; two items were also omitted because of communalities. A confirmatory factor-analysis (CFA) indicated that a two-factor structure of this inventory was better than a one factor model (for the two-factor model a RMSEA equal to 0.07 was obtained).Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed that the transgression-related interpersonal motivations inventory (TRIM) is a reliable and valuable instrument in forgiveness related studies in marital relationships.

Aim and Background: Justice in the form of justice ideologies and an unjust and just world belief is the important perceptual and cognitive component in various domains of life. This research aimed to study the role of justice ideologies and the just and unjust world beliefs on behavioral and evaluative justice of college students’ distress in Isfahan city.Method and Materials: This was a retrospective correlation study. Statistical population was all the students in Isfahan city universities. From them, 500 students selected using convenience sampling.Research questionnaire included belief in a just world (from Dalbert), belief in an unjust world belief (from Dalbert, Lipkus, Sallay and Goch), justice in evaluation, behavioral justice, distress in universities (three from Dalbert and Stober) and justice ideology and democratic trust (Wegener et al). Data were analyzed using of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.Findings: The results of structural equation modeling showed that determinism and democratic trust have direct effect which explained 5.7 percent of variances of belief to the just world; belief to the just world explained 1.8 percent of variances of behavioral justice; egalitarianism explained 19.2 percent of variances of justice in evaluation and justice in evaluation; finally behavioral justice explained 7.9 percent of variances of distress.Conclusions: Reinforcing belief to the just world and diminishing egalitarian can increase behavioral justice and reinforcing belief to the just world can increase evaluative justice. Finally with increase of behavioral justice and evaluative justice, the levels of college students’ distress could decrease.

Aim and Background: Divorce and conflict processes are overlapped. Then, couples do attempt to divorce based on experiencing the conflict levels. Hope and forgiveness interventions are aimed at reinforcing marriage and reducing divorce rates. This study aimed at examining the impact of hopefocused, forgiveness-oriented marital counseling and the mixed one on decreasing interpersonal cognitive distortions of applicant couples to divorce in Isfahan, Iran.Method and Materials: It was a semi-experimental and double-bind design with pre- and post-tests and control group. Statistical population was 440 couples referred to Divorce Crisis Intervention Center (DCIC). The sample size was 60 divorcing couples. They were replaced randomly in four groups: hopefocused group, forgiveness-oriented group, mixed group, and control group. Couples as a unit were studied and analyzed. The research tool was Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) which reliability with 3-items deleted was estimated 0.87, using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-wallis and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney's U tests.Findings: In general, hope and mixed interventions reported meaningful effects on total decrease of couples' interpersonal unrealistic expectations and interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison of control group. All three interventions showed meaningful decrease in all three subscales of ICDS in comparison of their scores in pre-test scores as well.Conclusions: It is suggested to apply hope and combination of hope and forgiveness interventions to decrease couples' interpersonal cognitive distortions. In order to determining appropriate interventions, it' s so important to rate levels of marital conflicts in which couples are.

Aim and Background: The topic of Internet Addiction has continued to be hotly debated in the research discussion list. This study aimed to explore the path analysis of relationship between personality traits and internet addiction with quality of life and with internet addiction of users in reliable Coffee-nets in Isfahan city.Method and Materials: In this correlation research, the target population included all of users in Coffeenets of Isfahan. With the use of multistage cluster sampling, 300 Coffee-net users were selected.Instruments used in this research were: Yang addiction of internet (1999) and WHOQOL-BREF (2005) and short version of personality traits (NEO-PI) (2005). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis by LISREL8.5.Findings: Total internet addiction was negatively related to three of the Big Four traits; extroversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness (P<0.01). Finally conceptual framework was drawn by LISERE8.5.GFI test confirmed the conceptual framework factors and their interaction and correlation by calculating GFI (GFI=0.91).Conclusions: The results indicated that conceptual framework was confirmed. It was found that personality traits significantly influence users’ internet addictions and quality of life; and internet addiction significantly impacts users’ quality of life.

Aim and Background: School is where adolescents spend a great part of the day in it. If the influencing aspects of it are known, school could be used as a context for preventive programs. Factors related to tendency toward cigarette, alcohol and drug use investigated in this study.Method and Materials: In a descriptive crosssectional study 3530 students of both sexes from all the grades of 168 highschools applying multiple sampling methods included. All students completed sSchool Connection Questionnaire (SCQ) and Iranian Adolescents Risktaking Survey (IARS). The relation between tendency towards cigarrette, alcohol, drug use and 4 aspects of school connestion including belonging, commitment, engagement and relationship with peers investigated applying linear regression analysis.Findings: Engagement and commitment were more important in predicting risktaking than belonging and relationship with peers. Gender, family income, having alive father, having remarried parent, living with both parents and having failed to pass the last term successfully were predictive variables for tendency to abuse drugs mentioned here.Conclusions: School and its aspects had different effects on tendency to abuse drugs mentioned here.Relationship with peers in school had a positive effect on this tendency while commitment and engagement affected it reversly.

Aim and Background: In our society, main pillar of life consist of religion and religious beliefs. and effort for religious training, specially in children, are principal solicitude’s administrators. Also, base of child’s religious upbringing effect by their parent’s interaction. The purpose of the present research was to examine. The relationship between children's perception of parents violence in child rearing and children' s religious beliefs.Method and Materials: In a field-descriptive research a sample of 122 elementry school students ages 6 to 11, (67 boys and 55 girls) was selected through cluster sampling by using a individual semi-structured interview and analyzing children's paitings gather necessary informations for attain the goals research.Frequency, frequency percent and X2 were used for daita analysis.Findings: Results show that abused children (physical and verbal) painting god's image used symbol more than human images. In addition to, abused children prefer to prayed on special time and in time of need and for their families. While children without abuse experiences attend to prayed regularly for their acquaintance, other people and spiritual objectives. Their priorites for praying were "Prayer for health and forgiveness of quilts for themselves and their relatives" and the lowest rank in children' prayers was "prayer for Emam zaman (redeemer) ".Conclusions: Results suggested to important role of parents and scholastic training. And they expand information about religious psychology in children to our present knowledge. Then they could be useful for religious training in children.

Aim and Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders that traumatic events posed as a causal factor for it.Because emergency nurses and fire fighter workers were exposed to traumatic events more than other people. Then the present research was conducted in other to determine prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in emergency hospital nurses and fire department workers in the uremia city.Method and Materials: This research was conducted by cross–sectional method with 100 emergency nurses and 100 fire fighter workers who were selected randomly. Each of samples was tested individually by Mississippi posttraumatic stress disorder scale at the occupational place. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 15 with descriptive statistic and multiple regression tests.Findings: The result showed that 14 percent of hospital emergency nurses and 8 percent of fire department workers diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. From demographic variables, age negatively predicted disorder prevalence, namely disorder prevalence decreased with increased in age. Also marriage situation related to disorder prevalence. In this research, there were not significantly relationship between Gender and educational level and posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence.Conclusions: Results revealed that emergency nurses and fire department workers are being at risk of posttraumatic stress disorder.This problem suggests the necessity of coping skills training for this people.

Aim and Background: This research examined the relation between mother's depression score and the student's emotional intelligence score in deaf and hearing students.Method and Materials: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The sample consisted of 30 deaf and 30 hearing three grade students from a junior high school and their mothers in Isfahan city. Students were administered Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and their mothers completed Beck depression questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, using t independent test, and Pearson's correlation test.Findings: T-test results between emotional intelligence of deaf and hearing students showed that, only in optimism factor there was significant difference between two groups. t test results between mother' s depression score of two groups delineated that, there was significant difference between them. And mother's depression score of deaf students was more.Correlation results revealed that mother's depression score was correlated to emotional intelligence in two groups.Conclusions: Results of this study showed that depression score of mothers is related to the student deafness while mothers' depression is related to emotional intelligence. Finally results demonstrated mother's depression score is related to decreased emotional intelligence of deaf students, while mother' s undepression score is related to increased emotional intelligence of hearing students.