Journal of Knowledge & Health in Basic Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has become epidemic, and exercise activity is the strongest stimulus to reduce it. Today, fatty tissue is known as adipocin, which produces a large number of cytokines and hormone. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on visceral and subcutaneous levels of Apelin, plasma insulin and glucose in Wistar male Rats.Methods: Twenty male rats were recruited in this study and divided in training and control groups, randomly. Training program performed in 5 weeks, and 5 sessions per each week. Subjects completed 6 high-intensity intervals in 2 minutes with 37 m/m during first week, 7 high-intensity intervals in 2 minutes with 40 m/m during second week, 9 high-intensity intervals in 2 minutes with 43 m/m during third week, 10 high-intensity intervals in 2 minutes with 49 m/m during forth week, 12 high-intensity intervals in 2 minutes with 52 m/m during fifth week that one minute recovery was between intervals. Blood sampling and biopsies were taken 72 hours after latest session. Independent T-test was used to compare mean during pre and post-test. Significant level was set at 0.05.Results: The results showed significant variations in insulin and visceral and subcutaneous levels of Apelin in training group than control group (P<0.05). But, the variation in glucose levels in training group than control group was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that HIT training can decrease visceral and subcutaneous levels of Apelin, which can prevent the diseases associated with obesity. Apelin also can result in decrease in insulin resistance and increase in insulin sensitivity.

Introduction: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) that caused by rapid ascent to altitude, is a pathophysiological symptom complex. Accordingly, aim of the study was to investigate the endothelial related factors changes in individual with a weak tolerance to high altitude.Methods: 21 healthy male (31.7±8.5 year) participated in the study and fasting blood samples were taken from antecubital vein before (sea level) and after 1 and 24-h exposure to high altitude (3550 m) by telecabin. Then, Serum VEGF and Endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA method. AMS status was measured by the Lake Louise score at 6 h after exposure to high altitude.Results: 11 of participants suffer from AMS. Statistical analyses showed that serum VEGF and Endothelin-1 at sea level in AMS-susceptible individuals were less than that of AMS-resistant individuals (P£0.05). VEGF and Endothelin levels were significantly increased at 1 and 24 h after exposure to altitude in two groups (P£0.05). The levels of VEGF and Endothelin-1 at tree time points were more in AMS-resistant individuals in compared to AMS-susceptible individuals (P£0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the response of these proteins after exposure to altitude in AMS susceptibility individuals was less than AMS-resistant individuals. Susceptibility to AMS may be associated with a less response of VEGF and Endothelin-1 after exposure to altitude.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate effluent quality of Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant for agricultural irrigation with CWQI model.Methods: This study was a descriptive- analytical one and lasted for 48 months. In order to determine suitability of effluent quality for being reused in the agricultural irrigation, a total of 22 physicochemical parameters and 3 microbial parameters were measured during four seasons based on one weekly sample (a total of 54 samples). The results were entered into CWQI Calculator software to evaluate the effluent quality for agricultural irrigation.Results: CWQI value for agricultural irrigation is 56, it means water quality is frequently threatened (conditions often depart from natural or desirable levels). The results also showed that CWQI values for other usage such as drinking, aquaculture and livestock feeding are 30, 38 and 53, respectively and the best possible usage is for livestock feeding.Conclusion: The results showed that the effluent quality was appropriate for irrigation but was in boundary region. Turbidity and Mercury are the most important factors of low CWQI value. According to the study, the effluent can be used for agricultural irrigation and high quality drinking water usage will be avoided.

Introduction: Obesity is a significant problem which involves eating behavior and body metabolic conditions which has a direct relationship with glucose homeostasis. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a period of endurance and Pilates exercises on blood insulin level, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin resistance in normal weight and obese female students.Methods: Students in one of the selected high schools in Lahijan city were the statistical population of this study. In this semi-experimental study, 15 healthy obese and 15 normal-weights girls participated voluntarily. Samples were selected by using convenience sampling method. The exercise protocol contains of endurance and Pilates exercises in a period of six weeks, three sessions per week, and each session is 90 minutes with the intensity of 65% to 80% target heart rate. The glucose homeostasis has been measured before and after the exercise programs. Statistical analysis has been performed using SPSS software version 21 and the significance level was set at 0.05. Collected data were analyzed with paired and independent t test.Results: The average of age, for each obese and normal weight groups was 13.6±0.7 and 13.8±0.6 (year), and body mass index (BMI) was 28.8±1.8 and 20.2±2.2 (kg/m2), respectively. The results of study showed that 6 weeks aerobic training and Pilates training significantly reduced the weight (P= 0.004), body mass index (P= 0.001) and level of insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (P= 0.01) in obese girls than girls with normal weight.Conclusion: It seems that 6 weeks aerobic and Pilates training can lead to further weight loss and BMI in obese girls and also a significant decrease in insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in obese girls compared to normal weight girls.

Introduction: Cyclosporine A is prescribed as an immunosuppressive agent in many diseases. One of the side effects of cyclosporine is visual disturbances and retinal damage. Different methods are available to investigate the damage to the retina, the best of which is the electroretinogram technique. In this study, the effects of cyclosporine on the retina of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied.Methods: In this observational study, which was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 55 patients with cyclosporine due to rheumatoid arthritis in 2012-2014 were randomly selected and subjected to electroretinography and voltage and delay phase were determined and compared with the normal range. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis of variance. Significant level was set at 0.05.Results: The average recorded voltage in ERG was 74.7 with a standard deviation of 29.79, which showed a statistically significant difference from normal value of 125 (P=0.0001). The mean recorded latency was 33.9 with a standard deviation of 3.58, which means no significant difference from normal value of 32.39 (P=0.545).Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of cyclosporine significantly reduces the voltage recorded in the electroretinogram, but does not affect the latency phase. Therefore, patients taking this medicine should continue their treatment according to the ophthalmologist.

Introduction: Activated sludge is one of the common processes of biological treatment in industrial wastewater treatment plants. In this process, a large amount of sludge is produced which its treatment accounts for a large part of wastewater treatment costs. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of the Fenton process to reduce the volume of the biological sludge in dairy industries.Methods: This study is an empirical one in which the effect of chemical oxidation process with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton on reduction of produced sludge in dairy industry has been investigated. For this, the effect of pH (1, 2, 3, 4 and 10), [Fe2+]/H2O2] (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2), contact time (2 to 12) and hydrogen peroxide concentration (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500) were studied. All exams have been performed according to the Standard Method book (2005).Results: Based on the results, the highest VSS removal rate was 82% which was obtained at contact time of 6 hours, pH of 3 and [Fe2+]/[H2O2] of 1 and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1500 mg/l. Based on the results, in the absence of Fe2+ ion in, the removal efficiency of the system was zero and the highest VSS removal rate was obtained at [Fe2+] / [H2O2] of 1. Also the amount of VSS decreased with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration.Conclusion: The results showed that the Fenton process is a possible and effective option for reducing sludge volume in dairy industries and its application improves the quality of the sludge and stabilization process and facilitates operational conditions.

Introduction: Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in common signaling pathways and play central role in heart functions and disorders. Factor kappa-B p65 (NF-kBp65), is an important marker of myocardial inflammation. This study investigated the combination of regular exercise (E), vitamin D (VD) and oxidative stress induced on the levels of NF-kBp65 in the myocardium.Methods: 60 adult male rats of the Wistar race were randomly divided into 10 groups: control; H2O2; 2H2O2; H2O2+VD3; 2H2O2+VD3; H2O2+E; 2H2O2+E; H2O2+VD3+E; 2H2O2+VD3+E and dimethyl sulfoxide + saline that were under the intervention protocol for 8 weeks. An ELISA kit used to measure NF-kBp65 concentration. Data were analyzed three-way ANOVA. Significant level was set at 0.05.Results: The results showed the Exercise had a decrease effect on NF-kBp65 protein concentration (P=0.049). Also, high concentration of H2O2 increased the NF_kBp65 protein concentration (P=0.013). On the other hand, the interaction of E and VD had decreasing effect on NF-kBp65 protein concentration (P=0.004). However, VD and E interaction with H2O2 were not significant. Coincidence of three interventions E, H2O2 and VD compared to the combined effect of each one, had a decreasing effect on the protein concentration of NF-kBp65 (P=0.038).Conclusion: It seems that regular exercise activity, VD antioxidant and exogenous induction of oxidative stress can be used to preconditioning and reduce myocardial inflammation in high oxidative stress conditions.

Introduction: Epidemiological researches indicated smokers are overrepresented in road traffic crashes. This study aimed to measure the influence of cigarette smoking on reaction time and selective attention required for safe driving (psychomotor performance of driving).Methods: This semi-experimental study was carried out in laboratory of Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Twenty-twenty male university students aged 20-40 years from Tehran universities who had smoked occasionally participated voluntarily. Data collection tools consisted of two tests of the traffic psychological pack of Vienna Test System (VTS) and two questionnaires including nicotine dependency (Fagerstrom), individual characteristics and their views on cigarette smoking. Mixed model analysis was used to survey the change in the test scores due to cigarette smoking.Results: The mean ± standard deviation of age and nicotine dependency score (Fagerstrom) was 25.6 ± 3 years and 1.1 ± 1.4 respectively. Based on the results, 45.5% of participants believed that driving performance will be worse and little worse with cigarette smoking. But in this study, eye- hand and Hand-hand coordination and perceptual speed from psychomotor skills of driving did not show any significant association with the one cigarette smoking (P£0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the use of one cigarette in people who smoke occasionally does not change the score of eye-hand and Hand-hand coordination and perceptual speed significantly that is required for driving safety. A study on permanent smokers with a variety of addiction scores of nicotine is recommended.