Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2015 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 (45)|Papers Count:8

Investigating the status of average per capita income, shows that the OPEC countries, in spite of high rate of investment, compared to non-oil developing countries, have had a lower growth rate. This is a remarkable and controversial issue for these countries. In order to measure the degree of lCT sector and economic growth in these countries, this article used Panel-GMM approach and appropriate growth models for the period of 2000 to 2013, of 11 OPEC countries. The results showed that an increment of one percent in spread of lCT import, the number of internet and mobile users, FDl and fixed capital formation variables would increase economic growth by 0.16 to 0.47 per cent. Also, the effect of inflation rate was negative whereas the impact of trained and active work force was positive. Moreover, higher education has had a positive effect on economic growth. All signs are in accordance with the theory and previous research findings.

In this research, using Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) and Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) models, effects of asymmetry and long-term memory in Volatility between the exchange rate and stock price returns in the stock exchange were studied within the period of Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. According to the results, the existence of asymmetry was approved in the distribution of returns between stocks and currency market, which affects the spreading volatility, long-term memory among the markets and their interactions, withdrawal of funds among the markets and domestic and foreign economic policies. Therefore, it causes a higher risk while reducing the efficiency in the capital market, leading to transferring funds to the foreign exchange market. Statistical analysis approved the effects of long term memory in the time series of stock index returns and the currency rate.

The main objective of this study is estimating the underground economic indicators with emphasis on moral and economic crimes, using multiple indicators, multiple-causes (MlMIC) and maximum likelihood approaches during 1984-2012. The results of the research show that alongside increase in hidden moral crimes, underground economics amount will increase in the size. In addition, rises in administration corruption, divorce, illiteracy, Index of economic openness, size of government and per capita income are among the most important factors for increasing size of the underground economy. This study shows that improving social security is the most important factor for reducing underground economy and hidden crimes. Corruption is the most effective variable for increasing hidden crimes, and illiteracy is the most effective variable on increasing underground economy. In addition, increasing hidden crimes will result in increasing murder, theft and harassment, and as the underground economy size gets bigger, it will result in increasing consumption of alcohol, liquidity, and energy consumption. Other findings of the research show that the least and the most growth in hidden crimes occured in 1988 and 2009, respectively while the least and the most underground economic growth happened in years of 1987 and 2006, in order.

Gender equality is one of the main goals of economic growth and economic development. Information and communication technology (lCT) is also the most important criteria of economic development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of lCT on gender inequality, using combined data set of selected developing and developed countries (57 countries) during the period 2012-2005. Two variables were considered as the proxy for lCT; The number of Mobile cellular subscriptions and Telephone lines, and the Internet users per 100 persons and then their effects on the elimination of gender inequality was studied. The results show that lCT has a positive impact on gender equality and development reduces gender inequality.

The increasing importance of energy sources in formation and growth of economic processes and also the necessity of utilizing these sources based on environmental considerations and constant economic and social development highlight the significance of recognizing and studying the effective factors on energy consumption. Also, the size and age structure of population are important factors in energy consumption related subjects about which few studies have been carried out. Therefore, in this dissertation we have attempted to investigate and evaluate the population factor, as its size and age structure, on household sector energy consumption. In this thesis to analyze, the approach of panel as well as data collected from twenty two states of the country in five-year periods, during 1365-1390, are used. Results indicate the significant influence of population age groups on household sector energy consumption. Consequently, being informed of the outcomes of demographic changes from the size and age structure aspect with considering the growing trend of energy consumption in Iran, could be effective on future schedules and policies.

The effect of external debt on economic growth has been a debatable issue among economists since the debt crisis in 1980s.This study examines the effects of foreign debt on economic growth in Iran. The effect of bilateral and multilateral external debt separately, along with some macroeconomic variables on growth is investigated. In this regard, to estimate the specified research model, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Approach for annual data has been used during the years 1359-1391. The results suggest that long-term and short-term bilateral foreign debt had positive but insignificant impact, while multilateral debt (borrowing from international institutions) had a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the period under review. So based on the theory of debt- growth threshold, it seems that over the last three decades, the external debt has contributed to the growth process. Also, other results of this study show that in the long run, capital, human capital and trade openness have a significant and positive effect on economic growth.