Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
Year:2017 | Volume:12 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Background and purpose: Infective endocarditis (IE) is Heart valve and Endothelial Lining Infection that sometimes occurs following dental treatment. In order to prevent this complication, it is recommended to Prescribe Antibiotics for susceptible patients, before some of dental action. Because of the special psycho-somatic situation of adolescents, This study was done in order to determine the awareness level of general dentists about IE Prevention before Dental precedures for adolescents in Zanjan during 2013.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 93 general dentists in the city of zanjan through census sampling method followed by assessing their knowledge using a valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic information, heart disease, dental procedures requiring antibiotic prophylaxis and specific antibiotic regimen for different patients. The participants’ knowledge scores were determined by summing the total questions answered correctly. The data were analyzed in the SPSS ver 18.0 with the use of T-test and ANOVA.Results: There were %75 male and %25 female. The mean age and their working period was 40.8±7.093 and 11.32±6.84 years respectively. Knowledge level of dentists regarding prophylaxis of Infectious Endocarditis was high (%80.8). No significant differences were noted between both genders in term of their knowledge level.Conclusion: good knowledge of zanjan dentists, could be due to fulfillment of dentists educational needs in the field of IE. According to psychological conditions in adolescents it is crucial to give them advice in the field of oral and dental health.

Background and aims: Because of the lack of written deal with the oral and dental health in city of Fasa from1998 onwards and also to make the infrastructure for related studies and dental public interventions, this study was conducted to study indices of dmft and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filling, Teeth) in children of Fasa city.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014 on 4, 400 children of pre-school and primary school in the city of Fasa selected in multistage sampling from urban and rural. Checks were done by health professionals under the supervision of a dentist at schools and the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth were determined and separated regarding the primary and permanent teeth.Results: The dmft and DMFTindices were 4.45±3.43 and 1.26±1.64, respectively, that showed no significant difference between male and female students (P=0.280 and P=0.200 respectively). The number of decayed primary teeth in boys was more than that of girls (P=0.015) and the number of filled primary teeth was more in girls comparing to that of boys (P<0.001). Both indicators were smaller in urban schools than rural areas (P<0.001). SiC index (Significant Caries) for the selected population were 10.18±2.23.Conclusion: The results exposed a high level of dmft index in children under 14, especially in rural areas. In order to control this problem, in addition to preventive and medicinal interventions, improving the awareness of society at different levels is suggested.

Background and purpose: Primer on dentin bonding groups contains hydrophilic groups so that it reacts on moist dentin surface and provides hybrid layer but since the enamel is hydrophobic tissue, this question will be raised that whether the use of dentin bonding to the enamel and dentin should be similar and with relative humidity Or when using the dentin bonding, enamel should be completely dry? The aim of this study was determine the amount of microleakage of single bond to dry and moist enamel in premolar teeth.Method: In this study 40 extracted premolars were selected and evaluated. A standard V-shaped groove in the buccal and lingual tooth was prepared. The samples were divided into two groups randomly.37% phosphoric acid etchant was applied to the enamel surfaces in each group for 15 seconds and then rinsed with water for 20 seconds. In the first group, Enamel surface was completely dry, and the second group, the enamel surface remained wet. In both group Single bond of bonding agent was used. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles. Then teeth were sectioned and microleakage of restorations was determined.Results: Microleakage of total-etch technique using single bond on wet enamel surface was significantly less than dry enamel surface (P=0.033).Conclusions: According to the statistical analysis should be before use of single bond, the complete drying enamel avoided, but excessive moisture is removed with a cotton pellet.

Introduction: Iranian 5-6 year old children’s dmft index is more than 5 teeth. Nutritional behavior is a major cause of dental caries. Improving oral health behaviors and health diets can hugely decrease tooth decays. On the other hand, children have a penetrable mind during elementary school. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the oral health linked nutritional behavior of Saveh elementary students.Materials and Methods: A minimum of 320 first and sixth year grade students were considered the primary sample size from a total of 16 elementary schools. Cluster randomized sampling was used in this analytical descriptive, cross-sectional study. Ethical approvals and written consents were obtained, and the translated version of WHO’s assessment tool (questionnaire) was utilized to collect data. The nutritional behavior of participants was categorized as appropriate and inappropriate conditions. Finally, T-student test was used to analyze the descriptive data and p=0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 388 students participated in this study, amongst which more than three-fourth had appropriate fruit consumption behavior, whereas the least appropriate behavior was related to consumption of sugary tea (43%). On the other hand, almost five-sixth of the students had acceptable habits in terms of syrup and juice consumption. Interestingly, those who had suitable consumption of sweets, had almost significantly better tooth brushing habits (p=0.068). On the contrary, those who had more consumption of sugar with tea had significantly more dental visits (p=0.046), and had significantly worse brushing habits (p=0.05).Discussion and Conclusion: Oral health, nutritional, and health related behaviors are relatively appropriate among Saveh elementary students. Also, dental visits can have a positive impact on students’ oral health related behavior.

Background: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of antiepileptic, immunosuppressive and calcium channel blocker drugs. Cyclosporine and phenytoin are amongst the most widely used drugs associated with GO. Gingival fibroblasts seem to have a significant role in the production of certain enzymes after administration of the drugs contributing to GO. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of GO in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare normal human gingival fibroblasts with those exposed to Cyclosporine or phenytoin in measuring the production levels of certain enzymes that could have a possible role in GO.Materials and Methods: samples were obtained from the gingival biopsies of seven adult and seven pediatric patients and were cultured into plates. With the growth of fibroblast cells, they were treated with or without either Cyclosporine or phenytoin. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was used to determine the expressed levels of R-EGF, Cathepsin B, L, Lysyl oxidase, COL1, TGFβ1, MMP-1, 2 and TIMP1.Results: According to RT-PCR analyses, the expressed levels of R-EGF, Cathepsin B, L, Lysyl oxidase, COL1, TGFb1, MMP-1, 2 and TIMP1 were affected by Cyclosporine and phenytoin. TGF-b1, TIMP, Cathepsin B and EGF showed comparable values in the adult and pediatric groups. TGF-b1 was the only mediator produced by both drugs in adults and children. Phenytoin lead to TIMP production and cyclosporine induced cathepsin B gene production at both age groups.Conclusions: Different expressed levels of enzymes after treatment of the gingival fibroblasts of adults and pediatrics with phenytoin or Cyclosporine could be the reason for the higher severity of GO in children. More studies need to be performed on the pathogenesis of GO at different age groups.

Background and Aims: Dental environment is associated with unpleasant experiences and anxiety for most children. The aim of this study the effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing anxiety and pain of dental practices in children.Materials and Methods: The study method was experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 30 child were selected for sampling and then were randomly assigned into two experiment and control groups. who referred to Dental Clinic Arak city.8 sessions for 90-minute mindfulness with experiment. The Modified child Dental Anxiety Scale, Wong & Baker pain Questionnaire were used for collecting the data in pre-test and post-test stages. analysis of covariance was used for analyzing the data.Results: The results showed that there was meaningful difference between pretest-posttest experimental groups in the mean score of pain, anxiety, though a meaningful difference was no observed between these pretest-posttest groups control group.Conclusion: The results support the effectiveness of MT in decreasing pain and anxiety. According to the data based on the positive impact of MT, it is recommended the method to be used in dental centers.

Background and Aims: Regarding to importance of prevention in current dentistry and considerable role of dentists’ attitude and practice in this area, the aim of the present study was investigation of knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-reported competency of Iranian dental students towards preventive dentistry in 2015.Methods: Of all Iranian state dental schools, six were selected by stratified random sampling. All the dental students (n=252) were asked to voluntarily complete a standard anonymous question naire containing background information, oral self-care, knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-reported competency towards preventive dentistry.Results: A total of207 participants (response rate of 82.1%) completed the questionnaire of whom 118 respondents (57%) were women. Women reported significantly higher frequencies of flossing (p=0.02) and lower frequencies of eating sugary snacks (p=0.03) compared with men. Students who their mothers had an academic education reported higher frequencies of flossing (p=0.03), tooth brushing (p=0.03), respecting EBOSC (p=0.03) and had the highest practices cores towards preventive dentistry (p=0.009). A higher score on preventive practice among the students was associated with their positive attitudes (p=0.005) and self-perceived competency (p=0.05) towards prevention.Conclusion: Despite some favorable changes in dental education, preventive dentistry has not found its real position among dental students yet. Appropriate programming is necessary to promote present situation among dental students.

Background and Aims: Oral health programs in primary schools in Iran were extended by varnish fluoride therapy in 2015. Having a secured relation and cooperation between parents and schools is very important; while Parents’ knowledge and attitude could be strongly affective. The aim of this study was to shed light on the vague perceptions or beliefs that would prohibit parents to include their children in oral health program in Fardis, Karaj, Iran.Methods and Materials: During this descriptive study randomly selected students’ mothers from elementary schools participated in group discussions, and shared the reasons and beliefs which would discourage them to enter their children into varnish fluoride therapy program. They also conversed about the sources of their beliefs. A list of the data were developed and used for data analysis.Results: Results illustrated wide variety of perceptions, rouging from “No need to do varnish fluoride therapy in schools” to “Fluoride can be cancerous”. Some other statements included “Developed countries don’t have such programs” and “Fluoride Therapy can harm the kids”; however, the most common beliefs amongst mothers were “Fluoride Therapy decreases kids’ intelligence”. Furthermore, dentists, social medi a, and online Search Engineswe re the ma in sources of mothe r s ’ knowl edge.Discussion and Conclusion: Dentists can have an essential rule on oral health education, and the oral health of the community can hugely benefit from appropriate program and continuous education. Never the less this requires great attention from related authorities.