ZANKO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2014 | Volume:15 | Issue:44|Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: Oral and dental health and collecting data on the prevalence of dental caries are among the most important aspects of individual health. Thus, it is necessary to determine community’s oral health status. Various epidemiological studies are required at different levels to assess the efficacy of preventive, oral and dental health control programs in a society. Thus, the aims of this study was survey of water fluoride and status of dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students in Kamiran Town.Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected through interview and dental clinical examination using disposable dental explorer, dental mirror, and a flash light. A total of 217 students aged 6 to 14 years were evaluated for their oral health status in Kamiran Town aspect of dmft and DMFT in 2014. Fluoride concentrations were detected by IC. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Ttest test was also used for analysis.Results: The results of this study showed that the dmft mean in elementary school students for boys and girls were 4.76 and 6.20 respectively. The mean of DMFT for medium school students in boys and girls were 5.40 and 7.95 respectively. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that was significant between number of brush and dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students (p<0.05). The concentration of fluoride in Kamiran Town water was 0.2 mg/l.Conclusion: The status of dmft and DMFT among elementary and medium school students of Kamiran Town students was higher than the WHO standards and other area. Thus, to improve the current situation, a proper programming seems necessary. Furthermore, more attention must be paid to the education of families about dental and oral health.

Background and Aim: Dyes are organic materials with complex structures and nonbiodegredable properties that there are in variety industrial effluent such as Textile Industry and one of the main pollutants in the environment are considered. So, the aim of this study was to survey the feasibility application of Multi walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes as sorbent and Comparison those for the removal of Acid Yellow 17 dye from aqueous solutions.Material and Methods: This experimental study was performed in a laboratory scale and the influence of process variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage (Multi walled carbon nanotubes, single walled carbon nanotubes) on removal of Acid Yellow 17 were studied and finally, correspondence rate of data to Langmuir and freundlich isotherms were determined.Result: The adsorption experiments indicated that the dye removal decreased with increasing the dye concentration and pH, also result indicated that removal efficiency was increased with increasing the adsorbent dose. Adsorption isotherm studied showed that the data for adsorption of Acid Yellow 17 onto Multi walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes fitted well with Langmuir and freundlich isotherms respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that the removal efficiency of single walled carbon nanotubes is significant than Multi walled carbon nanotubes, thus it's could be used as an effective adsorbent for removing dyes from textile waste waters.

Background and Aim: Colored wastewater treatment is one of the major challenges facing environmental engineering. Adsorption process for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is one of the most important methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inorganic adsorbents for the removal of pumice is blue 71 from aqueous solutions.Material and Methods: This experimental study - which Asrmtghyyrhay laboratory pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), adsorbent concentration (9, 7, 5, 3, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2) g/l and initial dye concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 250) ppm and contact time (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180) at 4oC (25, 30, 35, 40)oC isotherm model and the adsorption efficiency was investigated.Results: Maximum removal efficiency at pH=2, adsorbent dosage 5 g/l, primary concentration or dye 40 mg/l, and contact time 80 min and s 25oC % 98.88 was achieved. By increase pH and primary concentration or dye efficiency of adsorption was decreased and By increase adsorbent dose efficiency of adsorption was increased and at S 25oC and 30oC By increase contact time 80 min efficiency of adsorption was increased and later was decreased and at S 35oC and 40oC By increase contact time 60 min efficiency of adsorption was increased and later was decreased. The results show that in all four temperatures, equations of Freundlich isotherm models will follow. Absorption coefficient model for S25oC (R2=0.977), 30oC (R2=0.966), 35oC (R2=0.924), 40oC (R2=0.963).Conclusion: This study showed that the mineral pumice efficient adsorbent for removing blue from aqueous solutions is 71.

Background and Aim: The presence of humic acid in water resources is the most health problems of many communities. There are various methods for decreasing or removing of humic acid that is in water resources and is one of the Trihalomethanes (THMs) precursors. The aim of this study is investigation of the use of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as adsorbent at humic acid adsorption process in acidic conditions from aqueous solution.Material and Methods: This experimental study has done in batch system that the effects of Variations such as humic acid concentration, dose of nanotubes and contact time has investigated in removal of humic acid and adsorption Kinetics and isotherm has investigated too.Results: results of this study show that by increasing of adsorbent dose from 0.2 to 1 gr, removal efficiency of humic acid with 10 mg/l initial concentration had increased from 92.5 to 100 %. By decreasing of humic acid initial concentration from 30 to 5 mg/l removal efficiency had increased from 96 to 100 % after 3 hours. This study also had determined that appropriate time for receiving to equalization state of humic acid adsorption is 3 hours. Maximum surface adsorption of humic acid at acidic pH (pH=4) was 48 mg/gr.Conclusion: Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes due to large surface area, small size, exclusive network arrangement and in consequence very high reactivity and noticeable performance as adsorbent in removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution, could be effective for removal of humic acid.

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in hospitals. It involves in burn wound, respiratory, people with genetic disease cystic fibrosis, bacterimia, septicemia and other infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa by producing metallo-b-lactamase, can hydrolyze most of b-lactam antibiotics, showing resistance to various antimicrobial agents. Thus, according to numerous reports of existence of this resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the purpose of this study was to detect the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are resistant to metallo-b- lactamase.Material and Methods: 47 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to Shohadaye Ashayer hospital, Khorramabad. Then isolates were identified with routine tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Disk-Diffusion method. All isolates were screened for metallo-b-lactamase production by double disk synergy test (DDST).Results: In this study, 51.7, 6.8, 58.6, 65.5, 51.06 and 51.7% of the strains were resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Out of the 47 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 24 (51.06%) strains were resistant to imipenem. Among which 19 strains were positive for metallo-b-lactamase by DDST method.Conclusion: High prevalence of metallo-b-lactamase producing strains showed that testing to detect metallo-b-lactamase production is essential along with antibiotic susceptibility testing in health centers.

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance in different groups of bacteria is a major problem in the treatment of various infections. Survey prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and monitoring this bacteria will improve the conditions of patients with bacterial infections.Materials and Methods: In this study we examine the record results resistance patterns and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from Besat and Tohid hospitals in Sanandaj within a year. The prevalence of resistance in the two families of Pseudomonas bacteria and Acinetobacter were evaluated.Results: Of 10,000 clinical specimens were referred to Sanandaj’s Hospitals, 60 strains of non-fermentative gram-negative bacteriawhich P. aeruginosa with 66.41%, other Pseudomonas species with 40% and Acinetobacter 33.18%were isolated.Conclusion: for effective treatment of severe infections caused by these bacteria, it is necessary to combination therapy with an aminoglycoside antibiotic and synthetic penicillins such Ticarcillin or Piperacillin.

Background and Aim: Wheat is the main cereal that is used in Iran and in the world. Aflatoxin contamination of these products has an important role in human health. Eating contaminated product causes of acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals.Material and Methods: In this study, 22 samples of wheat flour were randomly collected from different bakeries in Chalus city. Aflatoxin B1 contamination was measured by ELISA method. For statistical analysis, SPSS software and statistical tests: correlation, t-test and ANOVA were used.Results: The results indicated that all samples of wheat flour every 22 samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The minimum and maximum levels of aflatoxin B1 in raw wheat flour were 1.1 and 10.6 ppb, respectively.Conclusion: Aflatoxin cause economic losses to the industry and risk for health of consumers. So reduction of Aflatoxin in food should be considered.

Background and aim: Water is one of the most important limiting factors to receive sustainable development, in addition to, if it is at dangerous to its quality limit. The objective of this study was to determine water quality in central part Qanats of Birjand.Materials and Methods: For this reason, factors of ammonia, hardness, calcium, magnesium and, also nitrite, chlorine, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH were measured in four regions. Physico-chemical parameters concentrations in the water samples were analyzed using Palintest. Also, a Pearson correlation (r) was used to identify any relationships between parameters.Results: The results of this study showed that mean concentrations of total hardness, ammonia and calcium were found to be range 490-504, 0.1-0.2 and 85-125 mg/L, respectively. Concentration of nitrite, chlorine and magnesium were determined at range 0.05-0.09, 0.09-0.30 and 39-42 mg/L, respectively. Also, concentration of temperature and pH were measured at range 20.1-21.2oC and 7.5-8.2, respectively. The results showed that between the temperature and nitrite concentration in different regions observed there were significant correlation (p<0.05).Conclusion: according to our results, total of physic-chemical parameters of water samples in central part Qanats of Birjand was lower than the health standards and no problem to use for human.