RESEARCH ON ADDICTION
Year:2017 | Volume:11 | Issue:41 |Papers Count:17

Objective: The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of the training of social-educational immunization program with the Islamic teachings approach in school students' high-risk behaviors.Method: This research was carried out through a quasi-experimental and pre-test-posttest with control group research design. The statistical population of this study included the third-year students of public high schools in Yazd in the academic year of 2014-15. The research sample consisted of 36 students with high-risk behaviors. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. High-Risk Behaviors Scale was used for data collection purposes.Results: The results of this study showed that the training of social-educational immunization program based on the Islamic teachings approach can reduce the high-risk behaviors among adolescents.Conclusion: The training of social-educational immunization program with the Islamic teachings approach can be used as an intervention to reduce students' high-risk behaviors.

Aim: Substance abuse is recognized as a major health problem among the homeless. People who cycle in and out of homelessness tend to cycle in and out of alcohol and drug abuse. The relationship between substance abuse and homelessness requires that they are treated simultaneously and not independently. Although there is an increase in public interest concerning the homeless population, research on the issues of homelessness has been fragmented and incomplete. Research is necessary to understand substance abuse among the homeless so that prevention and intervention measures can be developed and implemented. The aim of this study was to describe a homeless population’s lived experience with substance abuse and to better understand factors that effect to substance abuse treatment among the homeless.Method: This paper fulfilled by the method of grounded theory. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 men who participating in Project of rehabilitation of drug user (1393). Data from the interviews were analyzed by theoretical coding.Finding: Categories that emerged from the data included: experience of rejection from family and friends, traumatic experience, negative feelings and emotions, social isolation, social apathy, loss welfare –education infra-structure. Discussion: Homeless population's lived experience with substance abuse show that treatment for this group is very different with addicts that they lived with family.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden method with the teachings of NA groups in addicts' mental health.Method: A semi-experimental research design with unequal groups was used for the conduct of this study. In group therapy section, 21 participants were voluntarily selected as the sample units and received 10 group therapy sessions with self-acceptance approach. In NA group, 27 participants were voluntarily selected as the sample units and received the teachings for six months. Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) was used to collect data.Results: The results showed that teachings of NA groups were more effective in addicts' mental health and the reduction of physical and depression symptoms compared to self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden's approach.Conclusion: In comparison to group therapy, the teachings of NA groups are more effective in the treatment of physical and depression symptoms and the improvement of mental health in addicts due to the creation of a sense of empathy and freedom of selection.

Objective: With graphical mapping of a scientific field, it is facilitated to better and more accurately identify that branch of human knowledge and convert its abstract concept to a more objective concept. The aim of this study is to draw the thematic map of addiction articles.Method: The present study was carried out with a scientific approach and falls within the category of applied research. The descriptors of the related articles were extracted with a search for the term «behavior, addictive» in the subject heading "mesh" of the PubMed website in the period of 2005 to 2014. The data analysis and map drawing were conducted by using Ucinet, Netdraw, and Ravar Matrix software.Results: The growth of scientific production in the field of addiction has witnessed an increasing trend throughout the period of the study. Considering the centrality indices, such concepts as disorders pertaining to substance abuse, smoking, tobacco, and so on are the most frequently used topics in this field.Conclusion: The use of social network analysis indices in the analysis of scientific maps is effective. The new knowledge and insight gained through the analysis of thematic maps are of great help to policy-makers in this filed to make appropriate decisions for the promotion of scholarly products.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group training about drug of substance abuse complications on female high school students' attitudes with an addicted parent in Sheshtamad (Sabzevar).Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest-posttest and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The number of 84 female high school students with one addicted parent in Sheshtamad city in 2015 constituted the statistical population of this study. From among this population, 60 participants were selected through random sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received group training program for 8 sessions and the control group received no treatment. The required data were collected through Attitude toward Addiction Questionnaire.Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that group training had a significant positive effect on attitude to addiction components in female students with an addicted parent (P<0.01).Conclusion: Since group training of substance abuse complications led to the emergence of negative attitudes to addiction among female students with an addicted parent, it seems necessary to assign credit to these educational programs in high schools and universities.

Objective: The current study was an attempt to examine the role of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns, and perceived social support in predicting the abuse of industrial psychoactive substances in students.Method: The statistical population of this study included all male students in Bachelor and Master's programs in Razi university of Kermanshah in the academic year of 2014-15. The number of 400 students was selected by cluster sampling. The data collection instruments consisted of Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire, Perception of Parenting Styles Scale, and Family communication Patterns and Social Support Perception. discriminant analysis in simultaneous and stepwise modes was used for data analysis.Results: The results of data analysis showed that the liner combination of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns and perceived social was a good predictor of the abuse of industrial psychoactive substances in students.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the importance of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns and social support perception in substance abuse.

Objective: The present study was an attempt to evaluate the conceptual model of the important antecedents and aftermath of addiction in the patients presenting to treatment centers in Zanjan.Method: In this study, 250 addicted men constituted the participants who were selected by random sampling from the addicts presenting to treatment centers in Zanjan. The instruments used in this study were Baumrind's Parenting Style Inventory, Phillips et al.'s Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) Scale, NEO Personality Inventory, Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scales, World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Assessment Instrument, Ryff's Psychological Well-being, and the Researcher-Constructed Substance Use Assessment Scale. The proposed model of the relationships between variables was tested using structural equation modeling.Results: The proposed model was assessed using structural equation modeling. Bootstrap Test (AMOS) was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Based on the results of this study, the proposed model had an acceptable fitness. The results also showed that the antecedents (parenting styles, social support, and personality traits) have a significant impact on young adults' addiction; moreover, addiction was found to have an effect on quality of life and psychological well-being among young adults. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, the research hypotheses were confirmed.Conclusion: According to the research findings, significant attention should be assigned to the development of educational and health programs as well as appropriate parenting styles in order to modify and enhance personality traits. In addition, happiness training in life can be an effective step in preventing and controlling addiction.

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the behavioral activation/inhibition system and temperament and character between addicted and non-addicted people.Method: A descriptive research design along with a causal-comparative method was used for the conduct of this research. The research population consisted of all dependent and non-dependent men living in Kish Island, among whom 200 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were gathered using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multivariate analysis of variance.Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioral activation system, fun seeking, and reward dependence, while there was only a significant difference between the groups in Drive and inhibition system (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of harm avoidance and self-directedness (P<0.01). The results did not show any significant differences between the two groups in terms of novelty seeking, persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence.Conclusion: Substance dependent individuals have a weaker behavioral system than non-addicted subjects. However, unlike previous studies, the drive sensitivity in non-addicted individuals was obtained higher than those addicts in this study. High levels of harm avoidance and low self-directedness affect the severity of addiction in drug dependent people. Regarding the sample large size of this study in comparison with previous studies and the homogeneity of the research sample, the conduct of similar research is needed to achieve more clear results.

Objective: Considering the importance of identifying the factors effective in substance use for the design of some interventions on addiction prevention and treatment, the present study aimed at examining the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between impulsivity personality trait and consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.Method: The number of 352 subjects was selected through convinince sampling method from among the 18-to-60-year-old population of Tehran city and were assessed by means of UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and researcher-constructed questionnaires on substance use. The data were analyzed through correlation tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS and Mplus software.Results: The results of this study showed that impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. The proposed model had a good fitness index with the data; however, the effect of emotional dysregulation on substance use was not statistically significant. Sensation seeking (b=0.42, P<0.01) and lack of premeditation (b=0.46, P<0.01) had a significant effect on substance use; and lack of premeditation (β=-0.27, P<0.01), negative urgency (b=0.83, P<0.01), and lack of perseverance (b=0.13, P<0.05) had a significant effect on emotional dysregulation.Conclusion: Although both impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, when they were used in one model, the impulsivity dimensions had a stranger effect on substance use and played a more prominent role in the anticipation of substance use.

Objective: The current study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies in the improvement of executive functions in addicts recovered in drug information centers (DICs).Method: An experimental research design along with pretest-posttest/follow-up and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The sample size of the study consisted of 24 male addicts recovered in Drug Information Centers in Karaj city who were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received Gross Emotion Regulation Strategies for ten sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used for data collection and multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used for data analysis.Results: The results of this study showed that the training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies led to the promotion of executive functions in the experimental group.Conclusion: Training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies has useful implications for the treatment and prevention of addiction relapse.

Objective: The current research was conducted to investigating the effectiveness of Goal Management Training (GMT) in the improvement of sustained attention, prospective memory, and response inhibition in methamphetamine abusers.Method: In a quasi-experimental study, 40 methamphetamine abusers who were in their early recovery period were selected through random cluster sampling method. They were then randomly assigned into two groups, goal management training plus pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy. In order to assess sustained attention, prospective memory and response inhibition, the researchers used Continuous Performance Test, Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and Stroop Color and Word Test. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.Results: The results of the data analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of all components of sustained attention and prospective memory (P<0.05).Conclusion: The present study showed that goal management training significantly improves sustained attention, response inhibition, and prospective memory in former methamphetamine abusers. These findings suggest the influence of neuropsychological rehabilitations on addiction treatment among methamphetamine users.

Objective: This study is an attempt to examine the factors influencing drug use from the perspective of university students through fuzzy cognitive maps.Method: The number of 20 Master's students in Islamic Azad University of Urmia constituted the participants of this study. They responded to a questionnaire consisting of 30 fuzzy items.Results: The results of this study showed that the unemployment rate with the outer degree of 1.53 is the most effective variable in other variables. Family members' addiction with the outer degree of 1.08 and deviant peers with the outer degree of 0.70 were the next effective factors in the model. On the other hand, the inner degree index showed that addiction with the inner degree of 7.03 was the factor that was influenced to the greatest extent by the other available factors in the map. In this regard, deviant peers with the inner degree of 1.37 and hope for the future with the inner degree of 0.72 were placed in the second and third in terms of the degree of the effect they received from the other factors. The results also showed that when students are unemployed, they will be more likely to turn to deviant peers to spend leisure time and, consequently, they will be susceptible to be trapped in substance use.Conclusion: These findings have important implications in regard to the assignment of attention to the factors contributing to drug abuse among students and the development of necessary measures to prevent students' tendency to social problems, especially drug use.

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral counseling in the decrease of high-risk behaviors in the promotion of quality of life and control of craving beliefs in substance abusers.Method: A quasi-experimental method along with pretest/posttest design and control group was used for the conduct of this research. The research sample consisted of 40 males in the age range 20 to 45 years with substance abuse disorder who were selected through criterion-based sampling method and were randomly assigned in two groups, i.e. experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Then, the behavioral counseling program for reducing high-risk behaviors was administered to the experimental group for 12 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. For data collection purposes, Craving Beliefs Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire were used.Results: The results showed that behavioral counseling on the decrease of high-risk behaviors has had a significant effect on the promotion of life quality and the improvement of craving beliefs in experimental group. Moreover, the effectiveness of this method in the one-and-a-half follow-up held a relative stability.Conclusion: Behavioral counseling on the reduction of high-risk behaviors is an effective method in the control and treatment of drug dependent people and can be used as a psychological intervention program in addiction treatment centers.

Objective: The present study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of medicinal and cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation approaches in the adjustment rate of the families seeking rehabilitation. In this study, a quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group was employed.Method: The statistical population of this study included all the patients presenting to Tehran’s rehabilitation centers in 2014. The search sample consisted of 30 participants who were selected through purposive sampling and were selectively assigned into three 10-participant groups. The two experimental groups were treated by medicinal and cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation approaches, and the control group awaited the treatment. Twelve weeks after the intervention, all the participants were evaluated through Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976).Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that both treatment approaches were effective in the individuals’ adjustment rate (P<0.001) while cognitive-behavioral approach was more effective than the medicinal one.Conclusion: Psychological treatments are effective methods for treatment of disorders and can replace medicinal therapies.

Objective: The current study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy with transactional analysis (TA) approach in the reduction of addiction severity among female patients under methadone treatment.Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest-posttest and control group was used in this study. The statistical population of this research consisted of all female drug addicts presenting to one of the addiction treatment centers in Mashhad city in 2016. From among this population, a total of 40 female patients undergoing methadone treatment were selected via purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Addiction Severity Index and demographic characteristics questionnaire were the instruments used in this study for data collection purposes. The group therapy intervention with transactional analysis was administered to the experimental group for 10 two-hour sessions (one session per week).Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of addiction (P<0.001). In the same way, the analysis of each variable showed that the difference between the two groups was significant in terms of psychiatric status, drug use, and alcohol consumption (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that group therapy with transactional analysis approach is effective in reducing the addictive severity in women undergoing methadone treatment.