RESEARCH ON ADDICTION
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:50 |Papers Count:19

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Purpose: one of the most important programs and strategies of addiction prevention is teaching thoughts and life skills at school. Therefore, the purpose of this study is content analysis of the book thought and lifestyle according to the attention for addiction prevention components based on objectives of comprehensive documentary of addiction prevention. Method: the method used for content analysis is Shannon entropy method and analysis unit included texts, questions and images. Statistical society included the books of thought and life style of first grade of high school and statistic sample was the book thought and life style, common for males and females of 7th and 8th grade. Findings: results of the study indicated the material teaching component was disregarded in the content of the book thought and life style of seventh grade, while material teaching was highly mentioned and the self-expression and courage skills was less mentioned in the content of the book for 8th grade. Conclusion: inclusion of the discussions about addiction prevention and life skills such as self-expression and courage, and combination of material teaching in school books can be important in many ways.

Sustainable development is human-centered and, according to wide range of its topics and capabilities, it has quickly become the most important debate and one of the important challenges of recent decades. In sustainable development, "human" is the center of development and deserves health, security, culture, education, knowledge and development of communication and information. Therefore, the role of human resources, especially adolescents and young people, in process of sustainable development is an important and unmatched role, and human resource determines the future of every nation, because 30 percent of the world's population is made up of children and young people, who are the foundation of future development. Expansion of addiction problem is followed by many problems in economic, environmental and social fields. Problems caused by drug abuse lead to a reduction in natural surveillance social and economic interactions, and subsequently a suitable environment will be created for criminals and exacerbated crime and illness and endangers the health of community. In addition, the crime rate caused by drug abuse has increased in recent years. It reveals the need to address this issue from the point of view of distorting public health and its impact on sustainable development. Now, the question is that, how is the health-based sustainable development model with emphasis on the role of addiction? This research is exploratory-descriptive (post-event) in terms of method and nature of the data, and is developmental-applied in terms of goal, which has been done in two qualitative-quantitative (hybrid) stages, during the period from 133 to 1396. First step: in qualitative method, using a fuzzy Delphi technique, we develop a sustainable development model, which is based on general health. In this regard, 30 researchers, scholars, experts and senior directors of Iran Drug Control Headquarters were interviewed, and interview texts were analyzed, which resulted in development of a sustainable development model focused on general health. Second stage: In quantitative method for distributing the questionnaire, a population of 420 senior managers, expert experts and staff of the Iran Drug Control Headquarters, using the Cochran formula, 201 was considered as a sample. Structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis), study of normal distribution of data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), ranking of model components (Friedman test) and study of components of sustainable development model on addiction (t-test) were assessed by SPSS and LISREL software. Findings: Finally, a sustainable development model based on general health in three dimensions of social, environmental and economic, 12 components and 86 indexes was developed. In quantitative method, the results also showed that all components of model had a significant and negative effect on addiction, which means that with increase or improvement of sustainable development model components the tendency to addiction also decreases. In addition, among dimensions of sustainable development model, social, economic and environmental dimensions had the most impact on addiction.

Objective: Sustainability in treatment means long-term and non-slip periods in the use of narcotics, and shows the level of resistance and stability of the individual to the disadvantages and problems associated with the elimination of drug dependence. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is Comparative study of the role of religious and spiritual orientations in the Sustained Abandonment in Kashan region. Method: This research is a qualitative-comparative study and is applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes three groups of therapists and addicted researchers, people who succeeded in leaving addiction and their families and in the quantitative section, includes recoveries and addicted patients In 1397, in Kashan. Using stratified sampling method and Purposeful sampling method, 31 were selected in qualitative section and 343 in quantitative section as sample. Data collection was a semi-focused interview and the combination of Standard Parganet questionnaire, Alport and some researcher-made scales which were analyzed using MAXQDA and SPSS software. Findings: The results of the research in the field of sustained abandonment showed that the religious and spiritual orientations of patients in three areas affect the process of endemic drug treatment: the field of religious / therapeutic functions (Mobility and therapeutic motivation, achieving mental relaxation, Self-centered negation, The perception of the spiritual flow of life, the change of the source of value verification, Self-control in treatment), the field of religious / therapeutic requirements (limiting the participation of collective rituals, avoiding religious ritualism) and the purity tool (religious therapy group). In the analytical dimension, structural equation modeling showed that the effect of religious and spiritual orientation on the sustained drug abandonment is direct and relatively strong. Also, the fitting indices of the research model showed that the collected data support the conceptual model well and the research model has suitable fit. Conclusion: Strong religious and religious orientations help to improve the spiritual health of the individual by reducing the mental and psychological problems and coping more effectively and cause the person to be more capable of staying in the process of leaving addiction and preventing slipping towards addiction

Aims: This study was performed aimed to evaluate the meaning of life and cognitive distortions in students of amol institute of higher education in 2017-2018. Method: The research approach was quantitative methodology in the form of a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included all students of Amol Institute of Higher Education in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample in the first phase included 141 undergraduate or masters students, in the second stage, using available sampling method and screening test readiness of addiction, 100 people were selected according to their score in readiness of addiction questionnaire and was studied in two groups of people with high readiness of addiction (45) and people with low readiness of addiction (55). Results: Statistical analysis by multivariate analysis of variance showed that between two groups of people with high and low readiness of addiction have a significant difference in the meaning of life P= 0. 027 (F = 5. 07), presence of meaning P= 0. 046 (F= 4. 08), meaning search P= 0. 048 (F= 4. 01) and cognitive distortions P= 0/000 (F= 25/54). Conclusion: can be said that meaning in life and cognitive distortions are one of the variables related to the readiness of addiction in students that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of addiction.

Today, the trend towards drug abuse and psychosis in girls, including social harm, has attracted the attention of officials and experts in various fields such as sociologists, doctors, psychologists, and so on. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the awareness of the effects of drug abuse, psychotropic substances and related laws, and the rate of use of the drugs in the student's hands. Method: The research design was descriptive-causal. The research sample consisted of 2nd grade high school students in Tehran, 399 people were selected by combining two cluster sampling methods and disproportionate classification. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The awareness of the effects and consequences of drug abuse among 64% of students and the awareness of anti-drug laws between 85% Students are high; the rate of drug abuse tendency is low in 54% of students. Conclusion: As the level of awareness of the effects of drug use increases, drug use tendency decreases. Therefore, using educational strategies to raise the level of knowledge of students, a drummer to prevent abuse, Used drugs.

Introduction: personality and excitement always been factors in vulnerability and perpetuate addiction, Due to the lack of adequate research in the field of addiction for women, this study investigated the Comparative study of personality styles and cognitive emotion regulation between in women with addictions to stimulants and normal. Method: In this causal-comparative study among women in methadone maintenance treatment centers in Tehran, With regard to the criteria for entry and exit of 40 women with addictions to stimulants were selected. And normal women with a maximum sampling matched on demographic variables were selected. Five Factor personality Inventory and short form cognitive emotion regulation strategies were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that female addicts, lower scores on extraversion and openness personality styles and neuroticism scores were significantly higher compared with normal subjects received. The results showed that addicted women, in the style of personality extraversion, openness and neuroticism scores were significantly higher compared with normal women, also the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including rumination, self-blame and catastrophizing higher scores and the strategy of refocusing plan in comparison with normal women received significantly lower scores. Conclusion: Personality and Emotion Regulation in women with addictions to stimulants are faced with malfeasance. It is recommended as prevention and treatment programs should be given to these factors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation of self-assertion in the relationship between family function and addiction tendency in a sample of second grade high school students in Sanandaj. Method: The present study is a descriptive and path analysis method. Based on the knowledge of secondary school boy students in Sanandaj and based on the Cochran formula, 366 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. 366 students in the sample completed the scale of family function, addiction tendency, and self-assertion. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. Results: According to the results of family function, there was a negative relationship with addiction tendency in students (P > 0. 01). Family function was positively correlated with self-assertion in students (P > 0. 01), and there was a negative correlation with the tendency towards addiction in students (P > 0. 01). The result of path analysis indicated that mediation has a role self-assertion in the relationship between family function and addicting students (p = 0. 006). Conclusion: To reduce the tendency to addiction, families should provide an intimate and responsive atmosphere for their students, while informing about the materials and their effects, to express their existence with mutual respect and quantitative and qualitative responsiveness. Increase. Awareness and ability to tell students about their addiction will have a negative impact.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of celebrities’ attractiveness on the effectiveness of advertisements, considering the factors influencing the attractiveness of the celebrities. Method: this research is practical research and in case of its method it is a descriptive survey. Research’ s data are collected using random sampling. In this research researchers’ questionnaire consisting of 17 questions is used and it’ s contextually and structurally valid with a high Chronbach cooefficient of 0. 91. In order to analyze data and testing the hypotheses of the research, structural equation modeling in LISREL is employed. Finding: Findings of research indicate that each of these variables, honesty and trustworthiness, familiarity, popularity, and credibility have a positive meaningful effect on celebrities’ attractiveness. In addition, there is a positive meaningful relationship between celebrities’ attractiveness and the effectiveness of addiction prevention advertisements. Results: Using the celebrities in prevalentative advertising of addiction is effective.

Aim Drug and alcohol use is known as a social harm that inflicts great damage on society. This research aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of drug and alcohol use among students of Urmia University. Method Present research was a cross-sectional that 450 students from among the students of Azad, State and Payame Noor universities in Urmia city during the 2017-18 academic years were selected through random cluster sampling method. All of them responded to the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test and after removing the incomplete questionnaires, the analysis was performed for 436 questionnaires by using method of Chi-squared test. Results The findings showed that the prevalence of cigarette, alcohol and drug use was 35/55%, 15/82% and 16/28%, respectively. The prevalence of cigarette and alcohol use in men students significantly was higher than woman students, but the prevalence of drug use there wasn’ t significant difference in them. Also, the prevalence of cigarette, alcohol and drug use in students wasn’ t significant difference based on age range, educational level and marriage. In addition, the prevalence of cigarette, alcohol and drug use in students of art and urban department significantly was higher than other departments (p<0/05). Conclusion The results showed that the gender and educational department are effected by common patterns of drug use and put students at risk, therefore the necessity review strategic strategies is apparent by officials and planners.

Objective: Substance abuse is affected by many biological, social, and psychological factors. Some personality traits, temperament, and self-control skills play an important role in it. The purpose of this study was to predict the tendency toward substance use in university students based on temperament-character and abnormal dimensions of personality with the mediating role of self-control. Method: A sample of 273 students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University was selected through random cluster sampling method and filled out Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders– Fifth Edition (PID-5), Temperament and Character Inventory, Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, and Tanji's Self-Control Scale. Results: The results showed that addiction tendency is related to novelty seeking, harm-avoidance, collaboration, and self-directedness (P <0. 05). The obtained model showed that negative affect and collaboration could predict addiction tendency under the mediating role of self-control; and the dimensions of detachment, psychoticism, and antagonism were directly correlated with addiction tendency (p <0. 05). Conclusion: With regard to investigating the dimensions of personality in addiction, this study showed that abnormal personality dimensions and temperament-character dimensions have a significant role in drug use tendency in student population. With the identification of these dimensions and characteristics, it is possible to devise appropriate strategies for preventing this phenomenon in student environments.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of social participation on the betterment of addicts' psychological well-being and rehabilitation. Method: The population of this study included the addicted people presenting to Yazd addiction treatment centers in 2016-17. A total of 300 addicted individuals were selected using convenience sampling method. Keyes's Social Well-being Questionnaire (to examine social participation), Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, and Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale-Short Form (RSPWB-SF) were used as data collection tools in this study. Results: The results showed that social participation has a significant and direct effect on the psychological well-being and rehabilitation of addicted people. Finally, psychological well-being was revealed to play a mediating role; and it was found that social participation with psychological well-being mediating has an indirect effect on addicts' rehabilitation under the mediating role of psychological well-being. Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that the rehabilitation of addicted people is predicted by social participation and psychological behavior.

Objective: The identification of effective components in preventing the progress of high-risk behaviors and its persistence. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in relation to spirituality and high-risk behaviors among adolescents with addicted parent(s). Method: A correlation research method along with structural equation was employed in this study. The research population consisted of adolescents with addicted parents who had presented to clinics and addiction treatment camps under the protection of State Welfare Organization of Isfahan in 2016. A sample of 225 units (134 males and 91 females) was selected via convenience sampling. The research instruments for data collection were Spiritual Orientation Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Scale, and Risk-taking Scale of Iranian Adolescents. Results: Spirituality had a positive correlation with positive and adaptive emotion regulation and was negatively correlated with negative and maladaptive emotion regulation. Spirituality had also a negative relationship with high-risk behavior. The results of structural pattern showed that spirituality has an indirect effect on high-risk behaviors under the mediation of emotion regulation. Conclusion: Spirituality promotes the prevention of high-risk behaviors by directly affecting adaptive and positive emotion regulation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive empowerment of mental states in the recognition of facial expression of emotions in substance dependent individuals. Method: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest/posttest design and control group. A total of 30 addicts within the same age range, education level, and employment status were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental one and a control one (n =15). Participants responded to Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) in the pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent TERME intervention (Training for Enhancement of Reading Mind from Eyes), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that cognitive empowerment (TERME) is effective in the recognition of facial expressions in addicted people. In fact, the TERME program has improved the facial expression of emotions in drug-dependent people. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, TERME program can be applied to enhance the facial expression of emotions in substance-dependent individuals.

Objective: The identification of the individuals vulnerable to substance abuse disorders is one of the research priorities in this field. The aim of this study was to prepare the Persian version of Addiction-prone Personality Questionnaire for addicts. Method: The present study falls within the category of applied research in terms of its purpose and is considered a validation study in terms of the type of the project. The research population consisted of male opium and methamphetamine addicts presenting to the addiction treatment centers of Izeh city in 2016. The number of these individuals amounted to 250 sample units who were selected via convenience sampling method. After removing incomplete questionnaires, this number reached 211 sample units. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and LISREL 80/8 software. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model is well fitted with the data. Factor loadings of most questions were satisfactory (with the exception of questions numbered 14 and 20) and the single-factor model was supported. In terms of the questionnaire convergent validity, the correlation between its total score and Psychopathic Deviate Scale was obtained equal to 0. 55. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was obtained equal to 0. 88 within a two-week interval and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0. 76, which indicated that the reliability is desirable. Conclusion: The Persian version of Addiction-prone Personality Questionnaire is an instrument with relatively favorable psychometric components in identifying the ones prone to substance abuse.