Iran Journal of Nursing
Year:2011 | Volume:24 | Issue:70|Papers Count:12

Background & Aim: Postpartum depression (PPD) has negative effects on developmental and behavioral functions of newborn, mother-child relationship and mother's health. The etiology of postpartum depression is very complex. Social support is known as a risk factor for postpartum depression. Accordingly the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and its components and incidence of postpartum depression.Material & Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 mothers at least 5 weeks after their delivery. These mothers had been referred to Shahid Akbary and Shahid Motahhari hospitals in Yazd city to receive postpartum care. Data was collected by Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and analyzed by SPSS-PC using principal components analysis, zero-rank Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.Results: The results of the analysis suggest significant negative correlation between postpartum depression and total perceived social support (p<.001), family support (p<.001), significant others, support (p<.001), and friend support (p<.05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the socio-demographic variables (Fetus age & sex) in the first model and social component in the second model explained %5.6, %12.6 of the variance of postpartum depression respectively.Conclusion: Lack or insufficiency of social support in postpartum phase can be seen as a strong risk factor for postpartum depression. To prevent negative outcomes of postpartum depressions, encouragement of families, family networks, significant others and friends to support women in their antenatal and postpartum phase is recommended.

Background and Aim: Neonates' reaction to pain is more severe than adults. Therefore, recognition and application of pain control strategies by health care workers is necessary. Immunization is a common painful event during infancy, which is typically performed without pain control. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of distraction technique and oral sucrose on reducing vaccination pain.Material and Methods: this randomized clinical trial was performed on healthy infants referring to the health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in west of Tehran by their mother for DPT technique vaccination. Healthy infants groups (n=114) were randomly assigned to distraction (n=38), oral sucrose (n=38) and routine care (n=38) groups. Infants in distraction group, were provided with a (rattle), 30 seconds before, during, and 15 seconds after the injection. Infants in sucrose group received 2 ml oral sucrose 2 minutes before injection and the control group received routine care (just lying on examination table). Pain symptoms were measured by Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) during 5 seconds before to 15 seconds after vaccination. Descriptive and inferential statistics (independent T-test) were used to analyze data using SPSS-PC.Results: MBPS scores in distraction group and sucrose group were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.0001). No significant difference was seen between oral sucrose group and distraction group (P=0.581). Conclusion: Distraction technique and oral sucrose are recommended as easy to use, inexpensive and effective measures for immunization pain management of neonates.

Background & Aim: Myocardial infarction is an important event and a huge change in patients' and their family life. The negative psychosocial consequences of the disease are well documented. However, studies on positive effects following myocardial infarction are much more limited. The aim of this study was to explore positive effects of illness following acute myocardial infarction.Material & Methods: This paper is a part of findings of a more extensive grounded theory study. Eighteen people with first time myocardial infarction were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using constant comparison methodResults: The findings showed that the participants have experienced one or more positive effects of the disease. Positive effects of illness were emerged in three main categories including: healthy lifestyle, worthwhile life/health, and promotion of social interaction/interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: Patient with myocardial infarction experience huge tensions. However, the disease would also result in positive effects which could, in turn, facilitate recovery from illness and the process of adjustment to illness.

Background & Aim: Health behaviors have a very important role in people’s health. Self-efficacy as a person`s belief about his abilities for doing a certain behavior is an influencing factor in human behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and health behaviors in faculty members working in Guilan University of Medical Science.Material & method: It was a descriptive correlational study. The study consisted of 203 faculty members from Guilan University of Medical Science. The data related to self–efficacy and health behaviors were collected by modified version of SRAHPS and HPLPcc respectively.Results: The research findings revealed that the faculty members have obtained %84.1 of self-efficacy and %65.9 of health behaviors scores. Chi-square Test showed a significant relationship between selfefficacy and health behaviors (P=0.0001). Pearson`s Correlation Test indicated that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and health behaviors and sex, age, educational level, marital status, number of children in family, monthly income and type and history of chronic illness (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between health behaviors and self-efficacy in the study population, reinforcement of self–efficacy via education in faculty members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences is recommended.

Background & Aim: Nursing by its very nature is subject to high degrees of stress and is very important because of its relation with human’s life. The aim of the present study is determining job stressors from within clinical nurses’ perspective.Material & methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were 68 nurses working in two public hospitals in Tehran that were recruited by convenience sampling. Data was collected by nurses job stress Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-PC.Results: The highest mean score in four dimensions of nurses’ job stressors were determined. In managerial dimension it was related to low salaries (3.40±0.83); in work place conditions dimension, it was related to ward noise and overcrowding (3.38±.93), and in patient care dimension, it was related to presence of visitors out of official time (3.29±0.89). Among four dimensions the mean score for managerial dimension was the highest (2.49±0.76)Conclusion: regarding the importance of managerial stressors, nurse managers need to consider and modify these stressors in clinical settings of Tehran.

Background & Aim: Recently, the current behavioral approach in nursing education has been critiqued by many nurse authors and leaders. One of the important reasons for this critique is that while caring is the core and the nature of nursing, teaching caring in nursing education has been overlooked. This article aims to propose an approach to integrating caring in nursing education curriculum through a comprehensive review of the related literature and exploration of the historical background of nursing education.Material & Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was performed in databases of IranMedex, Irandoc, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, ProQuest and Ovid by keywords of clinical scholar model, critical-explanatory model and ethical care in education during 1950-2011.Results: The review indicated that the traditional and behavioral nature of nursing education has not been able to create caring behaviors in nursing students. The curriculum proposed by nursing scholars incorporates ethics of care in nursing education and changes the relationship between student and teacher while it improves innovation and caring elements. It also teaches students to see from others' perspective as a requirement for nurse-client relationship.Conclusion: Caring curriculum by challenging the behavioral approach to nursing education emphasizes on caring concept and its integration into nursing education, nursing service and nursing administration.

Background &aim: Upper extremity Lymph edema is the most common complication after mastectomy. The aim of this study is determining the effect of home based rehabilitation program on lymph edema related arm pain and arm volume after mastectomy among breast cancer survivors.Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental (before-after design), 16 post–mastectomy women with mild lymphedema (p 200 cc) referring to breast disease center affiliated with Jihad branch of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by purposeful sampling. The interventions included; educational program, arm exercises, self lymph drainage (SLD) by massage and compliance with risk reduction behaviors related to lymph edema at home during an 8 weeks program. Arm volume was measured by water displacement and pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) before, one and two months after intervention. Study Participants were followed by call and in person in the clinic. Data was analyzed using repeated measurement.Results: The findings showed a significant reduction in lymphedema volume (from 160±44 ml, to 35±23 ml) and pain (from 4.6, to .03) (pp0.001).Conclusion: Home based rehabilitation program reduces the volume of edema and intensity of pain after mastectomy. Evaluation of this method in patients with more edema volumes using control groups is recommended.

Background & Aim: Marital satisfaction depends on many factors and one of the most important factors is safe and pleasing sexual relationship. However, there is not sufficient information about these issues in Iran. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual and marital satisfaction.Material & Methods: It was a descriptive–correlational study. The sample includes 292 married males and females who had come to selected hospitals in west of Tehran to visit their reletives. The participants were recruited by convenient sampling. Data was collected by sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS-PC (ver.14).Results: Marital satisfaction was significantly related to sexual satisfaction (p=0.00). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and age difference (p=0.04), duration of marriage (p=0.05), and drug abuse of the participants (p=0.007). Among all variables which have been tested in this study, only age difference was shown to have a significant relationship with marital satisfaction (0.00).Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between sexual satisfaction and satisfaction with marital life, approaches to teaching young males and females and giving sexual consultation would help them enjoy a successful and satisfactionary marital life.