Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (72)|Papers Count:13

Background and Objective: the source of the medical ethics in new sciences is from the principle of modernism. For this reason some of the subjects my not accepted with our Islamic culture.It is necessary that Iranian scientists review the western medical ethics, especially philosophy of medical ethics.Subjects and Methods: Method in this article is qualitative research type. in this article we studied text books and articles about medical ethics, cardiac anesthesia and Islamic ideology.Conclude: It is necessary to determined theoretical options of medical ethics in the different medical flieds with Iranian Islamic culture for increase quality of medical Treatment.

Background and Objective: Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the acaridae of dogs and rarely cats. Seroprevalance of toxocariasis vary with geographic regions. In this study, the sera of school children aged between 6 to 15 years were examined for the presence of anti T.canis antibodies.Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study the sera of 203 randomly selected school children aged between 6 to 15 years from urban and rural regions in Ahvaz, south western of Iran from 2007 to 2008 was examined by means of ELISA with excretorysecretary antigen of infectious larva stage. CBC was performed for the presence of eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia. A short questionnaire was fulfilled to obtain data of age, sex, history of pica, contact with dogs and living area (urban or rural).Results: Of total 203 students 90 (44.3%) were female and 113 (55.7%) were male.86 (42.9%) were rural and 114 (57.1%) were urban, 67 (33%) had contact with dogs, 35 (17%) had history of recent cough, 5 (2.5%) had pica, on had hypereosinophilia but 21 (10.3%) had eosinophlia, 4 (2%) had positive ELISA for T.canis IgG, of them one was male and three were female, two were urban and two were rural, non had history of contact with dogs, pica, chronic cough or asthma, and also non had hypereosinophilia but all had eosinophilia.Conclusion: Our study showed that toxocariasis is present in the school children of Ahvaz, but it is lower than was expected and also lower than similar tropical regions.

Backgraund and Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is due to b chain mutation and substitution of valine for glutamic acid in sixth position, that is cause increasing polymerization and vaso-occlusion. Decrease of protein C, protein S and increase in factor V leiden activity contribute to hypercoagulation state in SCD, recently. The aim of this study was to determinate the differences of serum C & S protein and factor V leiden between sickle cell patients and control subjects.Subjects and Methods: In this randomized case-control study, protein C, protein S and factor V leiden activity were measured in 100 SCD patients in crisis phase. And were compared between 50 age-gender-race-matched controls and SCD patients in, hydroxyurea intake, blood transfusion, levels of HbF, age and gender by Chi-Square and Anova statistical tests in SPSS software.Results: In 100 patients 47 were males and 53 females, mean age was 20.2 (range 3-58, 1SD±1.03). Protein C and protein S levels were significantly low (both P<0.0001) in 35% and 24% patient; respectively. But in controls it was not like this. Factor V leiden was increased significantly (P=0.001) in 27% of patient and 4% of controls. A significant (P=0.02) correlation was detected between protein S levels and age groups.Conclusion: Protein C and protein S levels reduced and factor V leiden activity increased in SCD patients and cause hypercoagulable state in these patients.

Background and Objective: Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitiis in children. It is characterized by non-thrombocytopenic purpura, arthritis and arthralgia, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. This study was conducted to determined epidemiological and clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of children who admitted with HSP at university hospitals of Ahvaz.Subjects and Methods: Information about the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients were selected from hospital records of all 63 children with final diagnosis of HSP who were admitted in pediatric wards in university hospitals of Ahvaz during February 2001 to February 2008. Data analyzed by SPSS software.Results: There were 63 children, 41 (65%) males and 22 (35%) females (M/F ratio: 1.86/1). The mean age of the patients was 6.4 (±3.15) years. Previous history of upper respiratory tract infections was found in 42.9 % of the patients. In the review of clinical features, skin manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms, arthritis/arthralgia and evidences of renal involvement were found in 100, 76, 66.7 and 39.6% of cases, respectively. The neurological signs were not found. Anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, nephrotic syndrome and intussusception were found in 47.6, 19, 6.3 and 3.2% of cases, respectively.Conclusion: We found that relative to other studies, gastrointestinal manifestations in our patients were more common and more severe than arthicular manifestations. But, the final prognosis was good with no mortality.

Background and Objective: The side effects due to application of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have turned on researchers to focus on development of herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. The aim of this study was evaluation the analgesic effects of hydroalcholic extract of Cinnamomum Zeylanicumin comparison with morphine and aspirin.Materiales and Methods: For preparing the hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum the maceration method was used. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats, randomly and treated groups have received 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg extract and the two positive control groups received 2.5 mg/kg morphine or 300 mg/kg aspirin. Negative control group received normal saline (5ml/kg) and an additional group also received 600 mg/kg extract+1 mg/kg naloxan intraperitonealy respectively. 50 ml formalin 2.5% was injected in right hindpaw subcutaneously and analgesic behaviors were scored.Results: The results revealed that the Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract had analgesic effect as dose-dependent and its analgesic effective dose was 600 mg/kg. Our results showed that the analgesic effect of its best effective dose (600 mg/kg) on acute pain was more than aspirin while it was less than morphine. Also the effect of extract on chronic pain was less than morphine and aspirin. There were no significant differences between analgesic effects of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract with naloxone or alone.Conclusion: We concluded that the analgesic effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract is dose-dependent and is driven negatively through opioid receptors.

Background and Objective: In dosimetric calculation, it is desirable to represent the actual electron beam as originating from a virtual point source in vacuum so that the inverse square law can be applied. Therefore in this research with dosimetry of different treatment fields for different energy of electron beams the position of virtual source for electron beams is determined and one can use the inverse square rule for this electrons as the photons.Materials and Methods: In this work, the source position of electron beams (svir) from a Varian clinac 2100 CD for different field sizes at different energies was determined by use of elastic scattering theory and dosimetry data.Results: With a parallel plate chamber PPC40 in a 50×50×50cm3, phantom and Omini-pro accept software the depth dose profiles of 6×6, 10×10, 15×15, 20×20 and 25×25 cm2 applicators in different energies (6, 9, 12 and 15 Mev) for treatment electron beams determined. From the dose profile of maximum depth and multiple scattering rules of electrons from the target the position of virtual source of electron beams for each applicator in different energy were obtained. The obtained results from this method showed a dependence on energy and field size for Svir.Conclusions: The position of Svir is a function of dimension of treatment field and energy. In larger treatment fields and higher energies this distance is longer.

Back ground and Objective: Vertigo is the most common complaints of patients who refer to physician and menier's disease is one of the most common causes of it. Diagnose of menier’s disease depend on clinical finding. Vestibular tests are affect the treatment method and prognosis of disease, to differentiate it from other causes of vertigo as well. In this study we performed evaluation and analysis of videonystagmoghrapy (VNG) finding in menier’s disease.Subjects and Methods: Total 61 patients with menier’s disease referred to ENT outpatient department of Imam Khomeini and Apadana Hospitals were evaluated with VNG and Sacade, Smooth pursuit, Optokinetic, Positional and caloric tests. SPSS 16 software for data analysis was used.Results: Directional preponderance was found in 11.44%, unilateral weakness in 39.33% and Latency of sacad in 42.6% with abnormal results.Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between severity of vertigo, severity of hearing loss, duration of Disease and videonystagmography finding. Unilateral weakness was most important finding in this study.

Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown that lead causes oxidative stress in bones by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, the effects of 8-week curcumin supplementation on the regional bone mineral density of femur and tibial bones in rats exposed to lead acetate was investigated.Materials and Method: Fifty days aged Wistar rats were randomly assigned to baseline, sham-operate, lead acetate and curcumin+lead (curcumin) groups. Lead and/or curcumin groups received 20 mg/kg lead acetate peritoneally for 8 weeks (3 days/week). In addition, the curcumin group received 30 mg/kg curcumin solution for 3 days-aweek for 8 weeks. The femur and tibial BMD were measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) methods. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and SPSS 17.Results: MDA and lead levels were significantly lower in the curcumin group compared with lead-exposed and baseline groups. In addition, BMD and TAC levels was significantly higher in the curcumin group compared with lead-treated and baseline groups.Conclusion: These results show that environmental exposure to lead may be a risk factor for skeletal diseases. Furthermore, the curcumin supplementation possibly has inhibitory effects on lead-induced loss of femur and tibial BMD.

Background and Objective: Based on the latest researches it is concluded that periodontal disease is an important risk factor, leading to preterm delivery low birth weight babies and the effects of socioeconomic status on periodontal condition. The aim of this study, evaluation of periodontal condition of pregnant and non-pregnant women based on CPITN index and relation between the demographic and clinical variables.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 540 pregnant and non-pregnant women. Data collection was carried out with a questionnaire with demographic and clinical variables. Examinations were performed with WHO probes and dental mirrors. Data were analyzed by the means on Chi-square T-test and Anova. SPSS Software was used.Results: The results of study showed that 66.7% pregnant women had periodontal disease and 92% pregnant women in third trimester had periodontal disease. There was a significant relation between CPITN and gestational age, education level, economic level and frequency of tooth brushing.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pregnant women had higher CPITN than non pregnant women, then it might be suggested that simple preventive oral hygiene program help to maintain healthy periodontium during pregnancy.

Backgraund and Objective: In evaluation of genu varum and genu valgum which are common in growth period of children, tibiofemoral (TF), intercondylar (IC) and intermaleolar (IM) distances are commonly measured. Normally, the legs of most newborns are slightly curved or have moderate curves medially when they are in standing position. During their growth, the extension of the lower limb changes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between normal intercondylar and intermaleoar distances and physiolgical factors among these subject groups.Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a group of 850 children (452 females, 398 males) aged between 3 to 16 years old were studied. The samples were collected randomly from kindergartens, preschool care centers and schools in all 4 districts of Ahvaz, plus a few patients in Shafa hospital. The intercondylar and intermaleolar distance were examined in standing position, while the knee and hip joints were fully extended and the two medial maleolus or two medial condye of knees were in contact.In this study, descriptive statistics as well as t- and ANOVA tests were used for comparison.Pearson correlation for the survey were used data analysis by SPSS version 15.Results: The mean of intercondylar distance among studied groups was 1.65±0.86: 1.5 in boys and 1.71 cm in girls respectively. The mean of intermaleolar distances was 2.31cm: in males 2.05cm and in females 2.53cm, the difference was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: There was a direct ralationship between intermaleolar distance and weight, height and length of leg, but relationship between Intercondylar distance and these factors is in reverse order.

Background and Objective: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral ulcerative disease that affects 20% of general population. The etiology of RAS is unknown and it is due several different mechanisms. The purpose of study was to assess the epidemiology and related factors in its occurrence.Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive -cross sectional study, 1105 persons attending to health centers in Zahedan, selected in a multi-stage random manner, were assessed for abundance and effective factors in development of RAS. The data were gathered as single stage and by interview, completion of a questionnaire and clinical examination. The data were analyzed by Chi-squared test using SPSS software.Results: Among 1105 persons (476 males and 629 females) examined, 199 persons (18%) were affected by aphthea and 168 (84.4%) case had minor, 26 case (13.1%) had major and 5 case (2.5%) had herpetiform aphthea. In this research, there were significant correlations between the abundance of RAS and age (P<0.001), education (P<0.001), job (P=0.002), allergy (P=0.02), kind of allergy (P=0.004), predisposing disease (P=0.005), family history (P<0.001) and brushing (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between the abundance of RAS and gender, using snuf, tobacco or mouth wash.Conclusion: RAS is a multifactorial lesion and factors such as age, high-stress job, high education, trauma and allergy are positively corelated with occurrence of the aphthea.

Background and Objective: Labor is a painful process and one of the midwives duties is trying to reduce the intensity of labor pain, in which reduction of duration of clinical stages of labor has always been considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyoscine suppository on labor pain and process of labor.Subjects and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was down on 130 nulliparous pregnant women who referred to Ahvaz Sina hospital for parturition. A hyoscine suppository was given to case group and a placebo suppository was given to control group at beginning of active phase of labor, rectally. Then the labor pain mean, cervical dilatation and effacement progress, active phase and second stage duration and delivery type were recorded. The data were analyzed using T, Chi square and Fisher tests in 0.05 significant level in SPSS Version 15.0.Results: There were significant differences between mean of cervical dilatation and effacement 1 and 2 h after intervention in both groups (P<0.0001). The active phase and second stage duration in case group were less than control group significantly (P=0.007).Caesarean section rate in the case group was less than control group, but the difference was not significant (P=0.07). Labor pain intensity had not significant difference in both groups. There were no differences in fetal heart rate, maternal pulse rate and blood pressure and neonatal APGAR score between both groups.Conclusion: It seems that hyoscine suppository can be used to accelerate the process of labor and reduce duration of labor pain, effectively, but does not reduce labor pain.