Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2004 | Volume:- | Issue:42|Papers Count:13

Athletes are most active and most healthy persons of any society who can contribute in promoting success, advancement and stability of their community. Generally healthy individual choose exercise as profession. Maintenance of healthy athletic activity is made possible with continuous practice in athletic arena. Choosing athletic field is related to personality of an individual. Sport psychology studies the role of psychological factors in sport, exercise, and physical activity. It aims are to prepare the participant athletes to gain specific mental, behavioral, psychosocial, and emotional control skills during sport, exercise and physical activity contexts. Evaluating the behavioral-mental capabilities of the athletes, their morale, motivation and probability of success in competitions are assessed. The aim of this study was to identify the personality styles, rate of chronic and acute stresses and their relationship with the physical diseases among athletes in comparison with the non-athletic individuals. In this research, 66 athletes (54 females, 12 males) from various athletic fields were selected by simple sampling procedure. Sample population and their non- athlete counterpart group completed both Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) and data forms. Research finding indicated that there was no significant difference between chronic and acute stress experienced in both group. But there was significant difference between personality styles the two groups and occurrence and number of physical diseases with 99 percent certainty. The results suggest that physical diseases affect athletes less frequently than non-athletics when exposed to similar stressful conditions.

Improper use of antibiotics in humans is the most important cause of increasing the number and type of resistant bacteria against antimicrobial agents. It may have an impact on the therapeutic effect of antibiotics in bacterial infections. This study was carried out to determine the MIC and MBC of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephalexin) against 1085 resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from stool samples of patient treated with above antibiotics (either intravenously or orally) by means of tube dilution technique. The MIC and MBC of streptomycin against 1136 resistant and susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 540 stool samples of patients were also tested. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin and streptomycin showed a MIC greater than 100ug/ml in 68.1, 71.5, 73.5 and 29.9 % percent of isolates respectively. While for the 4 above antibiotics, the MBC level was higher than 100ug/ml in 92.4" 93.0, 98.8 and 65.1% of the isolates respectively. The overall average MIC and MBC of these antibiotics against 13 species of Enterobacteriaceae for oral group was significantly higher than intravenous group.

The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of dentofacial malocclusion according to Angle"s classification in 11-14 year old boy students in Ahwaz. Sampling was by randomized cluster method on 744 male students aged between 11 to 14 years. The prevalence of ideal occlusion was 2.8%, C1 I malocclusion 69.9%, c1II div1 26.3%, C1 III 5/1% and C1 II div2 2.8%. Although there were differences between the prevalence rate in the findings from our study and other reported investigations but the order of malocclusion was same.

Neuroacanthocytosis (Levin-Critchly syndrome or chorea acanthocytosis) is multi system neurodegenerative disorder characterized by acanthocytes, normal plasma lipids and lipoproteins and variable neurological manifestations. Onset is usually in the fourth and fifth decade. The most consistent clinical feature is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, dementia and personality changes. An axonal neuropathy and absent tendon reflexes occurs in most patients. About 40% have epileptic seizure. The course is progressive and only symptomatic therapy is available. In this article a case neroacanthocytosis was presented. The patient was a 34-year old man with two years history of abnormal body movement, tongue and lips biting and seizure. Acanthocytosis was found in his peripheral blood smear, caudate atrophy in radiological examination, normal lipoprotein and axonal neuropathy in E.M.G-N.C.V.The patient was treated with tetrabenazine, haloperiodol, trihexiphenydril and carbamazepin. His seizure was completely controlled and abnormal movements were significantly reduced.

Anorectal malformation is one of the congenital diseases with incidence of 3 to 5 in 1000 live births, with a wide range of clinical manifestation from anterior displacement of anus to more severe anomaly with common channel in perineum for defecation and urination and vaginal interoitus. To rule out any variations in operation procedure, all the patients were operated by one surgeon. The results showed 90% success in fecal continence, which is favorable comparable with previous abdominosacral technique. Although now-adays abdominosacral approach is not used, most of the patients underwent this operation suffered from incontinence. In our study, soiling was observed in 8% of our patients. Furthermore, there was neither stricture, following the compete dilatation programme, nor other common complications such as fever.

Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms is the second most prevalent type after common carotid artery aneurysms. These aneurysms are very rare and because of scattered reporting, their real incidence has not been determined. There are two types, fusiform and saccular. The aneurysms of main common carotid artery and its bifurcation are usually fusiform whereas, the branch aneurysms are mainly saccular. Their main clinical importance is clot formation and consequentely, cerebral embolism. Rupture and infection also may happen. One third of patients present with a pulsatile mass of submandibular angle. Pain, central nervous disorders such as TIA, CV A with paralysis have been reported as well. Palpation and auscultation comfired by CT scan, doppler ultrasound and angiogram are diagnostic. The treatment is total resection and primary arterial repair. The other modalities of treatment are aneurysmal wrapping, endoaneurysmorrhaphy and rarely ligation. In this report, two cases of true saccular internal carotid aneurysms are presented. The second was huge asymptomatic one. Both cases were thoroughly investigated and after confirming the diagnosis, they were operated on by resection with primary end - to - end repair of native arteries during uneventful procedures. Some temporary complications presented in the second case in the form of tongue disability for three days and persistent dysarteria for two weeks probably due to hypoglossal nerve stretch. During the follow up period, the patient improved and spoke well. The other case was free of complications.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders of the hip that present in different forms at different ages. In case of early diagnosis in infancy it can be easily treated by pelvic Harness with a high rate of success. However, if the disorder is undiagnosed or the patient is not referred early to the physician especially after six months, surgery is often becomes necessary. Furthermore, as the child grows older not only the treatment becomes more difficult but the result is also less successful. The purpose of this study was to review of surgical procedures performed on those DDH patients who were referred to Ahwaz Imam Khomaini Hospital, after the age of six months. The results showed that between 1983 and 2001, 133 patients (120 girls and 13 boys) were operated on. The most common operation was adductor tenotomy+ open reduction+innominate (Salter) osteotomy (75 cases). The age of the patients was between 6 months to 10 years. The left- and right-side involvements were 33 and 27% of cases respectively, and bilaterally in 40% of the cases.

Acute inflammation is the most common pathologic change in appendix and it has a well-recognized clinical presentation. However, in some patients, definite diagnosis and treatment may be delayed due to the atypical clinical course of the disease. Patients may present with chronic pain alone or chronic with acute attack of abdominal pain in right lower quadrant with or without other gastrointestinal symptoms. Chronic appendicitis may be a cause of chronic right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain and its prevalence has been a debated between surgeons and pathologists. This study was retrospectively performed on 1152 appendix specimens obtained following appendectomy due to acute appendicitis, in Ahwaz Imam Khomeini Hospital between1998-2000. We evaluated the presence of pathological changes associated with chronic inflammation in the samples. We found that acute appendicitis was more prevalent in men (754 cases and 65.5%) than in women (398 cases and 34.5%). Pathologically 162 (14%) of cases had normal appendix, 30 (2.6%) were in early phase, 844 (73.3%) were in suppurative phase of appendicitis. On the other hand, 67 (5.8%), 32 (2.8%), 17(1.5%) of cases were in gangrenous, perforation and chronic phases of appendicitis respectively. We concluded that although the chronic inflammation is less common pathologic change of appendix but this may explain some cases of chronic abdominal pain in right lower quadrant.

In this research nutritional practice, health related habits and hematological indices of 200 female students with mean age of 21.41.8 were assessed. Information negarding food frequency, socioeconomic, healthy habits, anthropometric, medical histories and clinical questionnaires were collected. Results showed that only 5% of students consumed one or more servings of dairy products and 6% of them eat one or more servings of meats daily. By scoring on the basis of the food guide pyramid, only 57% of subjects had good nutritional practices, and the average score of the nutrition students was 3 points more than the other students" scores (19.5 vs 16.5, p <0.01). Under weight rate was observed in 12% of students and anemia was prevalent in 16% of them. Mid arm circumference and BMI of subjects were significantly correlated (r=0.79, P<.01). Forty six percent of the students had not enough information about the food groups and 53% of them did not know that women are nutritionally at risk. One-half of subjects had dental carries and 30% had low appetite. Moreover, 20% of girls normally did have breakfast daily. Thirty eight percent of students have complained of insufficient sleeping time. The findings of this sludy revealed that the female students need more basic education nutrixtion and some dietary modifications and in about half of them the nutrition quality was low. Nutrition students can help the other students in improving their nutritional status.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used nowadays to prevent the post menopausal complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of HRT on mammary density in postmenopausal women. Ninety postmenopausal women who had been referred to radiology department of Mashad Ghaem hospital for mammography and were under HR T treatment were included in this study. The mean time for HRT was 22 months. The baseline premammary mammograms were compared with those taken during treatment with HR T. Among these, fourteen women were treated just with continuos conjugated estrogen, (Group A). Fifty-four women were treated with continuos conjugated estrogen plus daily medroxyprogesterone acetate (Group B). Twenty two women were treated with continuos conjugated estrogene plus medroxy progesterne acetate added sequentially for 12 days per month (Group C). The results showed that an increase in the mammographic density in two women (14.3%) in group A, twenty-one (39%) women in group B and three (13.6%) women in group C. The increase in mammographic density in group B was statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with group A and C. The results suggest that the frequency of increase in density is related to the type of HR T used. Furthennore, this increase is more significant with continuous combined therapy with estogen and medroxtyprogesterone.

Nausea and vomiting are common complications during and after spinal anesthesia. Antiemetic drugs are used to reduce vomiting, but these drugs have some inherent potential side effects. Acupressure is a non-aggressive method, which lacks drug-induced side effects, that some the researchers recommend it for controlling and reducing nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of the acupressure on the nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean section under spinal and was conducted at Razi hospital in Ahwaz 1379. In this study 100 pregnant women (aged 18-35), were randomly assigned into either an acupressure group (n=50) or a control group (n=50). The patients were at term pregnancy; single gestation; underwent transversal uterine and abdominal incision and spinal anesthesia with lidocaine 5% plus pethedin. Height, BMI, education, gravity, and gestational age, cause of cesarean section and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy were matched in both groups. In acupressure group, at least 15min before the induction of anesthesia, sea bands were placed on the Neiguan (p6) pointed hands. In the control group no bands were placed and no antiemetic drug was administered. All the patient were assessed for incidence and severity of vomiting during and two hours after cesarean section. In addition, the incidence time of nausea and vomiting and need of anti emetic drug were compared between the two groups. The results showed that acupressure was not effective in decreasing nausea incidence during sectioning (P=0.11). However, acupressure reduced both the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting during and after operation (P<0.05). There was also a significant reduction in administration antiemetic drugs between two groups (P<0.05). In addiiton, acupressure produced a delayed nausea and vomiting (P<0.05). The findings from this study suggest that acupressure is as an effective as non-drug method and can be used for reduction of nausea and vomiting caused by spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province. It is classified into 4 groups: minima, minor, intermediate and major. It has a complex genetic structure with more than 170 different gene mutations types of inheritance. All of which are in the form of autosomal recessive. Due to the high prevalence of β- Thalassemia minor (nearly 10%), in addition to the presence of sickle cell and α-thal minor genes in Khuzestan province, it is necessary to collect and designing a comprehensive direction in order to provide birth control measures in new wedding couples as well as gene carrying couples. Prudently, it is clear enough that prevention of birth a newborn affected by major thalassemic or similar diseases not only is an important measure in the pathway towards promotion in the quality of community health services, but also decreases the profound financial burden forced on health and treatment system. The specific prevailing condition in this province, where the presence of different ethnic and tribal families (Arabic, Sadat and Ghanavati) as well as Mahshahr, Hendijan population in whom there is an abundance of sickle cell anemia and a-gene, making the present ministerial circular not to be comprehensive enough for this province and which dose not take account as appropriate actions that facilitate limiting the spreading of this disease among this population. This study was conducted on 162 couple-to-be volunteers from Arab families in Dasht-Azadegan and Khoramshahr, 3.63% of couples in Dasht -Azadegan and 10.57% of couples in Khoramshahr were carriers for sickle cell gene. However, despite the fact that among these 84.21% had nonnal RBC indices (MCV and MCH), I-hour sickle prep test was positive in all. In addition, among 25 coupleto-be volunteers in Ahwaz who had near nonnal RBC indices (MCV and MCH), showed to suffer from silent a-thalassemia after complementary tests. It is worth noting that in Khuzestan province, some cases of Hb j, C, and D genes are present too, which due to their low prevalence are not included in presen preventive direction. In planning the new proposal, the special prevailing condition in Khozestan was specifically considered and this may bring about better utilization of the health resources in this province, both in terms of cost effectiveness and cost benefits which are the aims of all specialties and authorities involved.