Contemporary Psychology
Year:2007 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (4)|Papers Count:7

This study investigated the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between emotional and cognitive intelligence and life satisfaction. Participants were 557 girls (284) and boys (293), selected from high schools in Shiraz. Participants complete the Conner-Davidson’s Resilience Scale (2003), Shutte’s emotional Intelligence Scale (1999), Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al 1985), and Scale 3 of Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test. To examine reliability of measures, Cronbach alpha coefficient, and to determine validity, factor analysis were used. The path diagram of the hypothetical model was tested by simultaneous regression analysis, according to steps recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986). Results showed that: (a) emotional and cognitive intelligence, were weak as direct predictors of life satisfaction, (b) emotional intelligence in comparison to cognitive intelligence was a strong predictor of resilience and (c) resilience, was a mediator between both kinds of intelligence and life satisfaction. Findings also reveled that the relationship between the model’s variables weren’t completely consistent with the whole group for girls. Implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.

This research investigates the controversial issue of 3-year-olds' difficulty in false belief tasks designed to determine children's "theory of mind". The key question is whether a lack of conversational awareness is a performance limitation that can explain 3-year-olds' responses. To this end, three experiments are reported in which a total of 182 Iranian children participated. In general, the results of Experiments were consistent with those Western research that 4-year-oldsare able to succeed the standard false belief tasks. This confirms the opinion that theory of mind develops in the same time in different cultures regardless of their possible variety on language and cultural practices. The results also demonstrate that the conversationally supported false belief tasks help children to compute the correct response to false belief task. Accordingly, it has been claimed that 3-year-olds' difficulty on false belief tasks is more a performance limitation than a conceptual deficiency on their theory of mind. This supports the approach that conversational awareness needs to be taken into account in any explanation of children's competency and performance on false belief tasks.

With the aim of standardising the Culture Free Self Esteem Inventory (CFSEI - Form A) a study in two phases - the pilot and a final - was conducted in Iran. In the pilot study 199 children (age 6-13 years) were examined. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory was used for measuring concurrent validity of CFSEI. Moreover, in the pilot study, reliability over time for the Scale was measured. The results showed acceptable reliability and validity of the Scale among Iranian children. Some items of the Inventory were modified or revised based on the Characteristics of Iranian culture. According to the results of factor analysis, which was carried out in the final study among 1300 children, this Scale can measure factors of self-esteem among the Iranian population although it is not able to measure them in the Canadian population. Considering findings of the study and the modifications made to CFSEI, this inventory is culture fair rather than culture free.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of some family variables (such as four parenting styles including authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful- parenting dimensions including control and love, family climate including cold or warm relationships) on shyness. Subjects were 197 students (115 boys and 82 girls) who were selected via cluster sampling from Shiraz high schools. Data was Collected through Schaefer's Inventory Family Environment and Cheek- Buss Shyness Scale. Result revealed that the effect of parenting on shyness was significant. In addition, control- love dimensions and the family's cold atmosphere significantly predicted shyness. The results are discussed in light of previous literature and some ideas for further investigation are presented.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the personality variables of the five-factor model and marital satisfaction. The sample of the study included 400 mothers of primary school children in Tehran. Data was collected through administration of NEO-Five Factor Inventory and ENRICH questionnaire. The results of the study showed significant negative relationship between Neuroticism and marital satisfaction. But agreeableness and conscientiousness were positively correlated with marital satisfaction. These findings suggest that agreeableness and conscientiousness deserve increased attention as significant correlates of marital satisfaction.

This research was designed to construct and normalize the Love Story Scale (LSS), and to study its relation to marital satisfaction. The statistical sample which comprised of 403 couples (primary and preparatory school students' parents) of the City of Tabriz, Iran, was chosen through random multistage clustering. This research started with a 200 item questionnaire and was preformed in two stages. In the pilot stage with a sample of 38 couples, content validity and reliability coefficients (test-r etest and internal consistency) were assessed. Then two 100 item questionnaires were finalized for men and women. In the final stage, the Hadson Marital Satisfaction Scale (2000) and the LSS were completed by 403 couples. The reliability of LSS was assessed through Alpha Cronbach internal consistency coefficients, its validity was assessed through criterion and construct validity through exploratory factor analysis and group differences. Results indicated that: the LSS has acceptable psychometric properties. There is a consistency among couples love stories, lower similarity in couples love story profiles, increases their marital unsatisfaction. There is a significant positive relationship among more prosacially and equal roles love stories and marital satisfaction, and this case is negative about less prosacially and more manipulative and non-equal roles love stories. There is significant difference among men and women in 24 love stories and roles. There is a significant difference among means of love stories of either men or women. Generally, the results were consistent with previous research. Considering foundations and limitations, LSS is a reliable Scale for use in counseling centers and in researches.

The relationship between personality dimensions and alexithymia was investigated in a sample of students. A correlational analysis was performed to assess the kind of associations among five personality dimensions (including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) with alexithymia and its three components difficulty (identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking). Three hundred and forty six students (156 boys, 190 girls) from the University of Tehran were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients and regression analysis. Alexithymia showed a significant positive association with neuroticism as well as a significant negative association with extraversion and openness. The results also revealed that neuroticism, extraversion, and openness can predict changes of alexithymia and its three components. It can be concluded that personality characteristics will influence cognitive processing of emotional intelligence and regulation of emotions. Results and implications are discussed.