JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY (TABRIZ UNIVERSITY)
Year:2011 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:11

This research was aimed to compare the brain / behavioral systems (BIS/BAS) of smokers and nonsmokers. For this respect, 124 students (62 smokers and 62 nonsmokers) of Tabriz University were selected and then responded to Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scale. Data were analyzed by independent samples t test. The results revealed no differences in BAS as a whole, and subscales of drive and rewarding responses, but there were differences in subscale of fun seeking (pro smokers) and BIS (pro nonsmokers).

This study aimed to study the relationships between quality of attachment to mother and father, and symptoms of internalizing and externalizing during middle adolescence; to compare the father’s and mother’s roles in possible psychopathology in adolescents and to examine differences between the mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships as an important predictor for behavioral-emotional problems. Participants including 337 students selected by multiphasic cluster sampling completed inventory of parent attachment (IPPA) and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment). Results showed that more attachment to parents was negatively related to internalizing as well as externalizing symptoms. Also the positive relationship between adolescents and their parents, trust and communication, were negatively related and alienation was positively related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. More specifically, trust to mother in boys and attachment to father in girls were strongest predictors of internalizing symptoms and alienation of father was most important predictor of externalizing symptoms in both Sex. In total, in attention to findings it seems the role of fathers in incidence of behavioral and emotional problems in adolescents, specially externalizing symptoms, is important and more investigations about the underlying mechanisms of this influence are needed.

This study was aimed to study the effectiveness of group motivational interviewing and group cognitive-behavior training in improving the outcomes of well being, quality of life, and self care among adults with type 2 diabetes. From people being referred to Iranian diabetes association and Institute of gland and metabolism, 93 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected.They were assessed across three stages: first stage or baseline (pretest), second stage-2 weeks after the last session of intervention, and third stage-9 weeks after the last session of intervention. Participants were assigned into 3 groups (motivational interviewing: 30ss, group cognitive-behavior training: 26ss, and control: 37ss). There weren’t differences between groups in age, diabetes history, gender, readiness to change, personal patterns and outcome indices. For each intervention, four 90-minutes group session were fulfilled through a same psychologist. Findings revealed that group motivational interviewing could improve quality of life and self-care (exercise substrate) and group cognitive-behavior raining could improve well being, self-care, and total self-care indices (diet substrate). Meanwhile, group motivational interviewing could improve the self-care better than group cognitive-behavior training.

The present study aimed to predict the teachers’ occupational satisfaction based on their religious believes and psychological health. Therefore, using a random cluster method, 100 teachers were selected from five areas of Tabriz Education District. They were assessed by occupational satisfaction inventory, religious and psychological health questionnaires. Data wee analyzed by multiple regression method. Findings demonstrated that psychological health and religious belief could predict 40% of the changes observed in teachers’ occupational satisfaction. In addition, the results revealed that both psychological health and religious belief share 27% and 13% the obtained changes, respectively. In sum, the target paper suggests that psychological health and religious play a substantial role in the prediction of teachers’ occupational satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive therapy, systematic desensitization and study skill training on decreasing the level of test anxiety and improving academic achievement of Saggez high school female students for this respect, 160 grade 3 subjects, were randomly selected from Saggez high schools. First, the Spielberger test anxiety scale was administered to subjects. Result the questionnaires relating to test anxiety and interview showed that 43 subjects had highly test anxiety. Then, 40 students were assigned to experimental and control groups (3 experimental & 1 Control group). Experimental groups then participated in cognitive therapy (group1), systematic desensitization (group2), and study skill trainnigin (group3), for 10 sessions of 1/30 hours. Finally the Speliberger test anxiety scale was administrated to 4 groups again. One-way analysis of variance on the difference between pre-and post-test scores and analysis of covariance showed there was significant differences among the control vs, experimental groups as for as the level of anxiety was decreased. Furthere analysis through the Tuekey test showed that the level of anxiety significantly decreased in cognitive therapy and study skill training groups compared to the Systematic desensitization group.Further more,  one way ANOVA results indicated significant differences between experimental and control groups as for as academic achievement was involved. Cognitive therapy, systematic desensitization and study skill training are effective therapy on decreasing the level of test anxiety and improving academic achievement of high school female students and this effect is more obvious for Cognitive therapy and study skill training.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking training on attitude change towards substance use in Yazd city high school boys. This research was carried out by two methods of descriptive - analytic and quasi experimental design. From all high school students in Yazd city, 40 students were selected through of Randomized cluster sampling. Then, half of the students received the skill of critical thinking training program. The effectiveness of this program was evaluated by the scale of “attitude towards substance abuse”. The data was analyzed by the analysis of covariance and paired sample t-test. The result of this research indicated that skill of critical thinking training program develops the negative attitude towards substance abuse. Also, this program was effective on the attitude for 3 mounth. The result of the study indicating the effectiveness of skill of critical thinking training program in changing the attitude of students towards substance abuse is compatible with previous studies. Therefore the implication of this program in order to prevent substance abuse is recommended.

Relapse phenomenon among detoxified people is an important therapeutic problem for substance abuse. The aim of this research was the study of effectiveness of transactional behavior analytic group therapy on the marital adjustment and prevention of relapse in detoxified people. The research design was quasi experimental with witness group. By using of available sampling of detoxified people who referred to government centers for maintenance therapy with methadone, 24 subjects that divided to two experimental and witness groups (12 subjects for each group) selected of Bojnord city. Each subjects completed the marital adjustment scale of Spanier and Wright's & et al relapse prediction scale as Pretest. Post test administered after group therapy and after 5 months a follow- up test administered among two groups. Morphine test has done with follow up test simultaneously. Independent samples t- test and covariance analysis has run for analyzing of data. The results showed that tempting of substance use was significantly differed in post test and follow up, but there was no significant difference in the marital adjustment and probability of substance use. Finding of this research showed, the transactional behavior analytic group therapy may be effective in temptation of substance use among detoxified people and it can considered by specialists.

There are diverse influential factors affecting students’ level of self-regulation. In the current study, the role of school social environment in students’ degree of self-regulation was examined. Furthermore, this hypothesis was tested that ‘open climate in school can anticipate the higher levels of self- regulation’. The participants were 415 junior female students at four high schools in 2009-2010 academic years belonging to two socio-economic classes (low and high) of society. They were required to answer three questionnaires assessing school social climate, self-regulation and academic motivation. In the present study which was conducted via a casual-comparative method, socio-economic situation, academic motivation and academic achievement (the students’ GPAs) were controlled. The findings of multiple regression analysis with hierarchical model supported the examined hypothesis and three variables of socio- economic situation, academic motivation and school climate were found to be the significant predictors of the higher levels of self- regulation. It was also found that 18.6% of the variation in students’ self-regulation can be explained by taking school climate into account (F4,410=23.38, p<0.01)

The purpose of this study was to test the direct and indirect relationships of negative emotion, core beliefs, substance-related beliefs, craving, and emotion regulation with relapse of substance abuse. A sample of 300 addicts in Jahrom city were selected by available sampling and completed depression- anxiety- stress scale, dysfunctional attitude scale, substance-related beliefs questionnaire , craving beliefs, negative emotion and emotion regulation scales. The collected data were analyzed by path analysis method. The results indicated that the hypothetical model had a good fitness and explain significant variance of substance abuse relapse. According to this model a set of cognitive variable such as core beliefs, substance-related beliefs, craving beliefs and emotion regulation strategies mediated in relationship between negative emotion and substance relapse. Use of the cognitive techniques to identify and modifying of core beliefs and substance-related beliefs and training of adaptive coping with craving and emotion regulation strategies should be an important part of prevention and treatment programs.

The purpose of this causal-comparative research was to compare the personality factors among the junior high school female students in two groups (aggressive and nonaggressive). A total of 75 aggressive students and 75 nonaggressive students were selected by cluster random sampling and screening methods. NEO-PI-R and General Aggression Questionnaires were administered for gathering dada. The results indicated that aggressive and nonaggressive students were significantly different in personality factors. The Aggressive group did have a higher mean in E and N factors than non- aggressive ones. The non-aggressive students were significantly higher than aggressive students in C, A and O factors. The findings were supported by few studies that have been conducted in the field. The findings have some implications in recognizing effective personality factors in relation to adolescents’ aggressive behavior, identifying at risk students and preventing aggressive behaviors.

In the recent decades, attention has been raised to the mental health problems of college students and important factors that influence their psychological well-being. In this regard, the main goal of present study was to study the relationship between sport, emotional intelligence and happiness with the mental health. The Oxford Happiness Inventory, GHQ-28, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale were completed by a sample of 160 elite university students. Data were analyzed by, person correlation; regression and independent t-test. Results showed that there is positive correlation between sport, emotional intelligence and happiness with mental health. Also result indicated that these factors predicted elite University student’s mental health, significantly and showed that there are significant differences between sportsmen and non sportsmen college students in mental health, emotional intelligence, and happiness.