JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY (TABRIZ UNIVERSITY)
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:18|Papers Count:12

The main purpose of this study was the survey study of relationship between job-burnout and organizational commitment among schoolteachers of Mahabad. In a cross-sectional survey research, 148 teachers were selected by stratified random sampling amongst 300 teachers, Then answered to Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Meyer & Allen’s commitment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed significant relationship between organizational commitment and job - burnout (r=-0/38, p<0.001), significant relationship between affective commitment and job burnout (r=-0/41, p<0.01), significant relationship between Continuous commitment and job - burnout (r=-0/2, p<0.01), significant relationship between Normative commitment and job - burnout (r=-0/2, p<0.01).

The purposed of this study was to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes stress.36 males and females from national athletes teams in various athletic fields were randomly chosen then dssigned into of two experimental and one control group. The variables include individual and group counseling based on the reversal theory as independent variable and the extent of stress as dependent one. One group was exposed to individual counseling and the other got group counseling. Using the concepts, procedures and techniques that are emphasized by reversal theory, the two groups were examined. The control group did not get any counseling.The standard stress questionnaire of Lionel Coudyron was implemented both before and after the experiment to determine the extent of stress of the subjects. The data were collected and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. Results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of reversal theory both with individual and group counseling in decreasing national teams athletes' stress (P<0/01) but there was not significant difference in decreasing stress between individual and group counseling using reversal theory. In general, one can infer that in order to decrease the national teams athletes stress the individual and group counseling can be used. The reversal theory can also be used as one of the effective theories in individual and group counseling.

An experiment was designed and administered to study the effect of working memory and cognitive exhaustion on cognitive problem solving performance. First, 80 male and female students whose scores on the working memory test was one standard deviation above and blow the mean were selected based on an information processing index and randomly assigned into 8 groups each including 10 participants. The experimental consisted of cognitive exhaustion and problem-solving tasks for the experimental group and a problem solving tasks for the control group. We also included the effect of gender in this investigation. Finally, having compared the experimental and the control group through independent t-test, we analyzed the data through a three- way ANOVA test. The results showed that in the problem-solving situation had better performance of male student for female student. The results also indicated that had significant the effect of group variable (control and experiment group) and working memory variable (above and blow) on performance problem- solving, but, nosignificant reciprocal interaction none of variables.

The present investigation aimed at examining the relationship between coping strategies and happiness among university students. For this reason, 384 students were selected randomly, then responded to Lazarus-Folkman coping strategies checklist and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Findings revealed positive, significant relationship (p<0.01) between happiness and problem-focused coping strategies and negative, significant relationship (p<0.01) between happiness and emotion-focused coping strategies. Also, regression analysis revealed that in regard to sub-scales of these two coping strategies, escape-avoidance (b=-0.43, p<001), positive reappraisal (b =0.33, p<001), planful problem solving (b =0.12, p<05), self control (b =-0.11, p<05) and accepting responsibility (b=0.10, p<05) predict happiness significantly.

The present research investigates the effects of neurofeedback on working memory. For this reason 30 monolingual (Fars) University students in 2 groups (experimental and placebo) were assigned. Participants completed the working memory test in two stages (pre-test and post-test). Data were analyzed through ANCOVA.The result revealed that after 20 session of neurofeedback training, the experimental group exhibited improvement in working memory. Groups did have significant differences in working memory.Neurofeedback (NF) refers to an operant conditioning paradigm where participants can learn voluntary control of distinct parameters of their electrical brain activity as measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG). Recent research focused on healthy individuals providing evidence that subjects are able to gain some control over different EEG components and thereby increase performance levels for working memory.

The purpose of this study was to compare sensory and semantic information processing in three groups of people with schizophrenia people with major depression and normal groups. In an exposit facto design 30 people of each group were selected randomly. After psychiatric diagnosis, three groups were tested by adult sensory profile and azgod deferential test. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there are significant difference between three groups in low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensation avoiding (p<0/01, p<0/01 and p<0/03 respectively). But there was not significant difference between groups in sensation seeking. In semantic processing, there was significant difference among three groups in appraisal, potency and activity components (p<0/001, p<0/001 and p<0/002 respectively). But in the danger component, there was not significant difference among groups.Additionally, there was not significant difference between patient with schizophrenia and major depression in any components of sensory and semantic information processing. As a result, in comparing with normal group, patient with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder process sensory and semantic data differently. Thus, low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensation avoiding are common factors in psychopathology realem. Furthermore, appraisal, potency and activity components are poor in clinical population.

The present study was aimed to compare religious and nonreligious coping strategies in gifted and regular high-school students of Tabriz city.240 gifted and regular students (120 gifted and 120 regular students) from both genders were selected by means of cluster sampling method. The Questionnaire of Approaching Daily Hassles and Stressors was administered to study all types of coping strategies (action and attribution).Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were utilized to data analysis and indicated that there is significant differences between gifted and regular students in all types of active coping strategies except for the personal action. In addition, the results showed significant differences for all types of attributional coping strategies except for the social coping strategy. Thus, regular students endorsed more coping strategies in challenging situations than gifted students. The findings were discussed with regard to the usage of religious coping strategies in negative and health- threatening situations by the students. Studies with nonstudents groups and adult individuals as well as studying therelationship between psychological adjustment components with all types of coping strategies should be considered in the future research.

The purpose of this research was the study of Ryff's Psychological well-being scale (PWB covering six dimensions of well-being: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance).For this aim, 376 undergraduate students were selected randomly from different academic disciplines.Cronbach Alfa and Confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. Goodness-of-fit results were similar to the ones found in the literature. Best solutions were a six-factor model with correlated factors. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) of the subscales were modest to high. So that, Ryff's Psychological well-being scale is efficient test for university students.

Recent study suggests that OCD and MD patients show cognitive and neuropsychological deficits, but some researchers suggest that neuropsychological deficits in OCD, is due to depression comorbidity. Therefore present study, try to investigate this hypothesis that obsessive-compulsive and depressive subclinical patients are different in three components of executive function (inhibition, set shifting and updating of working memory)? To this aim, after screening with SCL-90, 30 depressive and 30 obsessive-compulsive subclinical patients were selected and compared with 30 control healthy subjects.Beck depression Inventory and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory were used to diagnose subjects. OCD subjects that took above score 20 in Beck depression inventory excluded from study.Data analysis showed that there was significant difference between control with OCD and MD groups in inhibition. Also there was significant difference between OCD and MD groups, and severity of deficits in MD was more than OCD people. In set shifting, there was significant difference between control andother two groups, but severity of deficits in MD was more than OCD too. In third dimension, updating, there was significant difference between two patients and control groups, but MD and OCD was similar in deficits.At all, present study finding suggest that both subclinical MD and OCD patients showed deficits in three components of executive function, but MD patients show more deficits in executive function.