Year:2002 | Volume:17 | Issue:2 (34)|Papers Count:18

"Vamegh and Azra" the love story in Iranian literature has been reported in many ways. Some believe its origin is Greece, some Iranian, and others Arabic. The oldest reports of this story still available are the ones by Onsori and Tarsoosi. Mohamad Lameiy, Ghatili Bokharaie, Sarfi, Keshmiri, Shoaib Joshaghani, Solhi,Moosavinami, Zahir and Hossaini Shirazi. In Hossaini Shirazi's version, for the first time the story has been mingled with the love story of Soad and Salma. The following three topics are further elaborated on in this article. 1. Detecting common elements in Vamegh and Azra and other similar stories. 2. A short report of nine version of Vamegh and Azra available today. 3.Characteristic features of the story by Hosseini Shirazi and its differences with other stories.

Sa'adi's works have been studied for many years. Recently, however, his writings have been critically evaluated in line and along with modem developments in literary criticism. Although Sa'adi's diction and style is clear and straightforward, yet the versatility of topics- such as politics -economics, philosophy, mysticism, ethics and religion- dealt with in his writings has blurred his social position and way of thinking. This paper attempts to prove that Sa'adi was a genuine mystic by critically examining his own words and action and through others relevant documents.

The period between the two world wars was a very sensitive one for Arabs. They got colonized by European countries such as Britain, France and Italy before barely getting released from Otthman despotism. Poets and writes like many other people raised their voices against colonialism. The main themes of the poems were: 1- Objection to the presence of foreigners on their lands.2-Warnings against the tricks of the foreigners and 3- Condemning pseudo- parliamentary elections.

The story of "Zahhak and Fereidun" is one of the well-known Iranian mythology narrated by Ferdowsi in his Shahname. The present study is an attempt to give a new interpretation of this story and its heroes by applying the mythological approach constructed by Jung and his followers. According to Jung the themes of myths and legends are the contents of collective unconscious or archetypes. The archetypes are unknown and unseen but they manifest themselves in myths, dreams and fantasies. The study reveals that by interpreting Zahhak and Fereidun as two manifestations of the movement toward individuation and self integrity, one will possibly have a deeper understanding of some unknown aspects of the myth.

Imam Ali was unrivalled in eloquence and famous in oratory and speech making. His rich, didactic and beautiful speeches were studied by many rhetoricians and literary figures. In the late 4th century, however, a selection of his sermons were collected in a volume called Nahj- al- balâghah (the ways of eloquence) by seyyed Razi. Nahj- al- balâghah in rich in meaning, beautiful in diction and form and full of Imagery. In this article a number of the imageries used in Nahj- al- balâghah are discussed and elaborated on.

Those who study Saadi, have always taken Boostan as a moral and educational book and have searched for its ethical and social values. This is why the skill and literary beauties of this work have been largely ignored. In this written document, some of the poetic beauties of Boostan have been studied to show that the value of this work is not only in its spiritual and deep social subjects but in its literary and skillful way of description. If we look at Boostan from the aesthetics point of view, we will realize that Saadi has not only stated its moral and social values but has also arranged his words with suitable figures of speech with simple and fluent language and has made a literary resurrection in his remarks.

The spread of Modernism in world literature at the beginning of the twentieth century has left its impression on modem Persian literature and specifically on Nima Yushij. The result of this influence is the appearance of a new kind of poetry which tries to present modem man with a new prospective. Thus the new poetry has accepted new forms and rejected traditional forms. Yet this change has not been fully applied in Nima Yushij's poetry and the poet is still sometimes entangled in the intricate web of tradition. One such aspect is his views towards women. Yushij's look at women is very traditional. This study analyzes the works of Nima Yushij in which women are presented and gives a classification of five kinds of women:1-women as -the beloved, 2- women as mothers and wives,3-waiting women, 4- mythical women, and 5- femme fatale. It is argued that based on this analysis his views regarding women are very much backward and traditional in contrast to his views on other aspects, of life.

The music and the meter of poetry have been studied for many years. Thus prosody and rhyming have been recognized as the two basic elements of poetry. This article aims at providing a coherent method of criticism of Persian metrics in conjunction with other critical approaches in stylistics, psychology and linguistics with emphasis on the poems by Khaghani Shervani. Aesthetics of the metrics of Khaghani is given special consideration.

This essay aims at elaborating on the life and the literary character of Seyyed Sadroddin Abolhassan Ali- ebne Nasser Hosseini, the writer of Zubdat- al- Tavâ rīkh. The documents and the sources available indicate that he was a civil servant in Kharazmshahi Government. He was also a chief tax auditor and collector in Neishabur, but later he quitted his jobs and started compiling his works. His important works include Zubdat- al- Tavâ rīkh and Description of Proper Names in Nahj- al- balaghah. A History of Alexander which mainly refers to the events and the incidents during the reign of Mohammad Kharazmshah (nicknamed as the 2nd. Alexander) is another work of his. At the moment, there is no trace of this book and it is not available anywhere.

This essay is designed to discuss imagery in the poems of Nima and the poems of Bidel. Both men have made significant contributions. To modern poetry in Iran. There have been speculations that imagery in the poems of these poets owe much to the fancies of the poets known as Hindi style. We can even think of books that have developed topics based on the relationships between the imagery in modern texts and the texts produced by the Hindi style poets. The essay deals with a number of perspectives. It cites a proportional amounts of poetry taken from both poets. It also uses statistics to elaborate on the images that are similar or different in both poets.

In this article, "Farsi is sugar" is studied from the viewpoint of story- writing techniques. The ultimate goal of the very article is to study the agent of theme, plot, viewpoint and characterization as well as the attitude of Jamal- zadeh- the first contemporary story- writer- toward these agents and the degree of his success in writing a story based on the standards of modem story- writing techniques.

This article aims at elaborating on the contributions of three forces of Arabs, Iranians and Turks to the make- up of the armies of Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. At the early stages of Islam- i. e. during the era of the Prophet and the four Caliphs, the army consisted only of the Arabs who expanded Islam beyond the borders of Arabia. During the era of Umayyad and Abbasid (except the time of Mu'tasem) Iranians played the most important role in the army both is quantity and quality. At the time of Mu'tasem, however, Turks, became the unrivaled and the important constituent of the army. Though this time was short, but it left a significant impact on social and political situations of the Islamic Empire.

In evaluating translations and commentaries of the Glorious Qur'an, it is of utmost importance to make sure that the quoted Qur'anic verses are reported with accuracy. This matter is so important that commentators and scholars of Qur'anic studies have tried to record the different readings in order to avoid any modifications in the verses. The Kashf al- Asrar commentary which was edited by the late Ali Asghar Hekmat in 1331, contains a good number of mistakes although he and his assistants did their best. This edition has been reprinted many times but the mistakes have remained. The researcher has selected a sample of the mistakes and has brought examples from the Glorious Qur'an to correct these mistakes. The mistakes have been of 3 types: 1) mixed up verses, 2) added or deleted words to the verses and 3) typographical mistakes.

This paper attempts to extract the common themes in Sa'di's works and Ghabusnamih of Onsor- AL- Moali. A lot of Sa'di's readers believe that many of the themes in Sa'di's are original. This paper tries to elaborate on this point. In this comparative study some selected themes of these two writers orators are contrasted and efforts are made to trace the points to their origins.

Through history, in different sources of Zoroastrian and Non-Zoroastrian, Iranians Non- Iranians and Zoroastrians have been called with different names and titles by the natives and non- natives. The goal of this paper is to review and verify the historical development of these names along with their various semantic loads and values in which the interactions among the majority and the minority along with their interpretations of these common names are tacitly illustrated.

The significance of Eqbal's poetry is not in promoting physical forces to achieve national independence, but to enlighten people to establish Islamic Alliances. One of the important themes in Eqbal's works is Ali and his attributes of «being Heidari» in which life is seen the center of universe.