PEYKE NOOR JOURNAL
Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (SOCIAL SCIENCES)|Papers Count:27

Changing the communication technology and using satellite facilities for T.V. broadcasting are recent reformations that provide the possibility of receiving direct messages from other countries.The effectiveness of this kind of receipt, and the different cultural contents have caused a new field of study in the current era, in the way that a significant part of changes in patterns, attitudes and the young behaviors is evaluated based on these types of telecommunications. The main subject of this research is the model of using satellite networks by young girls. Therefore, a study was done on high school girls of the district 5.The findings show that the young have a great tendency to use satellite networks and families accompany them too. This matter prepare them to accept new behaviors. Highly using, acquaintance with several types of networks and paying attention to the cheerful and musical programs are of characteristics of their behavior.

Regarding to the improvement of the Internet and the ever increasing usage of this modern technology what is going to happen for the traditional medias? On other words, can the Internet be replaced of them? To answer these questions, a measuring research has been done among the high school students in Mashhad in cluster sampling method. There were 403 students who participated in this sampling. In the descriptive part of this research the rate of using different types of mass communication means have been considered among 4 groups of the Internet users and nonusers consisting of both sexes of males and females. However, in the explanatory part, the statistical tests have been investigated by taking statistical T-tests and Man-Whitney tests to analyze the variance. These tests show that the range of using the Internet, satellite and magazine is different among various groups of users and non users. Furthermore, the male and female students’ interests in using mass media means are different and the statistical tests as Pearsonian and Spearman rank correlation coefficient show that there is a direct and meaningful relation among different types of mass media means and using the Internet by the Internet users doesn’t cause a reduction in other mass media means.

Protecting and increasing the absolute and relative advantages through market development, easy accessibility to the raw materials, low labor cost and customers need high investment beyond the country borders. Accomplishing this task requires forces to be dispatched from the guest country to the host country. Studies show that about 16 to 40 percent of individuals going to a new country to do a job, face cultural shock because of incompatibility with the new culture and have to leave the place. However, cultural shock is an inevitable phenomenon and everyone entering a new culture will encounter with it. Therefore, being aware of the cultural shock process and being prepared by intercultural training decrease the negative and undesirable outcomes of this phenomenon. This article presents some strategies for cultural compatibility and management of the cultural shock in the international organizations by analyzing cultural shock and its components and types.

The concept of social security and citizens’ feeling of security as key elements in achieving the predicted aims, have great importance. Citizens’ feeling of security causes the improvement of comfort and reform and enhances the acceptance of responsibility. In this research, citizens’ feeling of security and effective factors are considered. The research is based on a descriptive-analytical method. The measurement tool is a questionnaire to collect data from 382 persons as the samples who have been selected incidentally through clustering and random sampling method. The results show that the citizens’ feeling of security is on an average of 3.1 and the effective factors are age, gender, social origin, social reliability, social satisfaction and social awareness. There are not any meaningful relations between the variables of personal characteristics and the average citizens’ feeling of security. The analysis of multivariable regression model indicates that the variables in the model explain 44 percent of the changes of dependent variable. The variable of social satisfaction has more proportion in explaining the dependent variable.

Although viticulture is apparently an agricultural subject, at a deeper glance, it can be considered as a completely anthropological matter that is associated with every aspects of Kashmar people’s life.As it is mentioned in the essay, all parts of Vine such as leaves, sour grape, grape, raisins, molasses and teyfi are usable and nothing is left unnecessarily and wastefully. Viticulture plays such a significant role in nutrition, economy, housing, rug weaving, culture and animal husbandry of Kashmar that it can obviously be seen in the people’s maxims.

In this research, social confidence has been considered as a concept of social science theoretically and empirically. The social and historical characteristics of the studied population from communal and tribal views, establishment of two great universities (Azad and Payam-e- Noor) and finally the subcultures resulting specialization and also reduction of social confidence to the strangers make the study of Garmsar social confidence one of the most significant preconditions of providing its social development.This matter was investigated through a measuring method and its data has been collected by questionnaire thechnique in a direct interview. The statistical population consists of Garmsar people whose ages are between 15 and 65 years old. The sample size are 200 persons who are selected based on kokran formula.Univariate analysis, mean and frequencies are used for description of the data and the studied variable distribution has been explained by using unidimentional tables.Both bivariate and multivariate explanations has been used to analyze the data and because the variables are in ordinal measurement level, Gamma ranking test is used. In this research the index of social confidence consists of three index of confidence to the people, confidence to the unions and confidence to the organizations. The results show that 63.5 percent of testees have average confidence, about 20.5 percent have low social confidence and only about 16 percent have high social confidence.There are meaningful relations between independent variables of the research (depersonalization, social strangeness, feeling of security, religious beliefs, suitable public morality space, social correlation, life satisfaction and social acceptance) and dependent variables (social trust). The correlation between two variables of social strangeness and social confidence is reversed while the other variables have direct correlation with dependent variables. Three variables of suitable public morality space, life satisfaction and social correlation have the strongest correlation with a dependant variable whereas the least correlation is for the variables of feeling of security, social strangeness and social acceptance. Other variables are between two groups.

Today, employment is one of the important matters in direction of expanding the social and economical activities of women. It makes so many changes in the normative, cultural and valuable family and society structure and affects on the educational system and public/domestic domain of working.Women’s employment and their ability formation play significant roles in society, economical development with national gross revenues, family income level, economical protection of family and management systems. From the social point of view women’s employment, population control, fertilization reduction, increase of family awareness level and changes of family’s attitude towards women’s employment in the public domain of working, play remarkable roles in social development of society. However, there are many biological and personality barriers highlighting physical disabilities and conditions against women’s occupational activities such as cultural barriers, fanaticism, prejudgment, domination of men’s power and inattention to woman’s activity and job in society.Social barriers such as inattention to women’s education, occupational distinctions between men and women, etc. barely affect on the women’s unemployment. Furthermore, economical barriers like unequal payment or different levels of wages, several types of job and occupational exploitation cause instability in the development of women’s employment in society.

In order to analyze social identity, modern sociology has focused its attention on nontraditional sources of identity rather than traditional ones. The traditional identity sources consist of race, age and social class but the nontraditional ones are consumption and social attitudes and life styles. The main question of this essay is “ How can female students define their own social identity in transition era”? Through the critical survey of review of literature done in this research and particularly by emphasis on Anthony Gidden’s idea about modernism and social individual identity in modern time, this general hypothesis is deduced “Because of weakening the basis and traditional structures, girls try to define nontraditional social identity for themselves by accepting nontraditional social roles, conscious introduction of their social circumstances in society and moving towards nontraditional identity sources as a thoughtful and delighted plan”.To test these thesis, several variables such as nontraditional social roles, social consciousness, parents’ education, traditional family’s ideology, social identity, job, university education, and social class were studied on a sample of 389 female students of Gilan University by measuring method. The results show that the Iranian girls try to escape from the traditional social identity defined by men of their patriarch family by emphasizing on untraditional identity sources like education and job. They want to define the untraditional social identities reflexively depending on their own attitudes and definitions.

In current decade, the active population of our country, Iran is passing over 50 millions; therefore, ten million units should be created in our society. Since the crisis of unemployment has factually become the greatest problem of Iran economy, the most important duty of government is to maintain entrepreneurship and job creation. It is particularly the task of Country Higher Education to try increasingly for entrepreneurship because of its recent policies and political orientations towards researches and technology. One of the important aims of Country Higher Education is training expert human forces that are essential for improvement of our society.The general goal of this research is consideration of entrepreneurship capabilities (independence, inner control, progress motivation, risk-taking and creativity) of the students of Babol Technical University and the effects of university education on increasing these capabilities. This is an applied research in which a descriptive-measuring method has been used. A scholar-made questionnaire is used in order to collect data. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire has been estimated about 86 percent. The statistical sample consists of 250 students of Mazandaran University who are selected through classified incidental sampling. The data has been analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software. The results show that the entrepreneurship capabilities of university students in independence, inner control, progress motivation, risk-taking and creativity were beyond the average whereas the risk score was lower than standard score. Also, the university education has not been effective on training the students’ entrepreneurship specifications.

Human-beings are always moving for getting better opportunities in all historical periods and all human groups have always immigrated differently for several reasons. Immigration of these groups will have prejudicial effects on the structure of society because the expert and skillful people play a significant role in development and improvement of their society.This essay analyzes the elites’ immigration in three levels of micro, average and macro by using classical theories, school of contrast, systematic theories, behavioral model, relative deprivation, human capital and structural dual theory. It uses measuring method to investigate the sampling population.The Statistical population of the research consists of 50 persons with MA and PhD degrees from various majors that provide the sufficient residential conditions to stay in the countries which accept the immigrants by using communicative and informative systems. The descriptive and inferential statistics help for description of statistical population and measurement of variables to analyze the data. Based on the analysis of data, variables of social-economical base, age, gender, marital status, social pressure, scientific structure, political participation, ethnic distinction, communicational networks, social security, class gap, welfare facilities, political structure, and lawfulness of society, research facilities and admittance qualifications of elite’s immigration have meaningful relations with elite’s immigration whereas other variables such as business, field of study and social participation do not have any meaningful relations with them.

Nowadays, tourism is one of the worldwide developmental industries that is considered as a way for increasing the national revenue of all countries in all over the world. Rural tourism is one of the most attractive and possibly the most modern branches of this industry. Today, some politics and planners intend tourism as a way towards economical stabilization and rural community development. Also, some others believe that developing rural tourism can be effective to solve the countrymen’s problems and essentially to move the region towards progress and development.Rural tourism industry can be supposed as a sharp edge. If it grows wrongly and irregularly, it not only will be helpless but it will also have irretrievable and destructive effects on social, economical, natural, environmental and other units of rural communities and finally on the whole society.Therefore, an accurate planning and a compatible management for rural tourism are complicated responsibilities since there is too much variety in rural tourism and, on the other hand, it is an informal and arbitrary activity. So, the most important questions which should be treated in the rural management are: How much attention will be paid to the rural tourism and ecotourism to formulate a rural management structure? How can tourism industry be considered as a applicably manageable way for rural development? Moreover, a reciprocal relation between these two parts shows the necessity of paying attention and giving importance to tourism industry in rural management structure as by developing rural tourism, the manager can significantly create a financial source to accomplish his plans. On the other hand, if the management is accurate, the tourism industry will grow and develop basically. The aim of this paper is recognition and determination of the place of rural tourism in both regional and metropolitan management in the country. Furthermore, factors that are effective in rural management structure will be recognized and then analyzed.

This research investigates the range of self-burning in Gilan-e-Gharb from 1379 to 1384. It is a descriptive research and its statistical population consists of people who committed suicide in Gilan-e-Gharb between 1379 and 1384. Because of limited population of the region, almost all of them have been studied.Finally, after some reductions, 410 cases of deadly suicide were reported. And 49 persons had committed self-burning. The research tool was a questionnaire of personal and demographic characteristics which was given to the families of victims. The statistical techniques were frequency distribution and its percentage was basedon the variables indicated in the research. This research shows that the statistics of suicide in Gilan-e-Gharb had extremely been increased between 1379 and 1384. It means that in 1379 the scale of suicide were 52 persons out of 100000 but this range was enhanced about 100 persons out of 100000 in 1384. However, selfburning is now reducing. It means the scale of 20 persons out of 100000 has reached 6/8 persons out of 100000.

The Social Security Act is considered as a new branch of law, and the Social Security Law is an unknown branch in our current law system. Therefore, it needs to be studied widely on social security rules, specially on its criminal rules. One of the most important sections on social security criminal Act is the section 97.The target, in this article is that the mentioned section of the Act should be explained as one of the social security criminal rules, recognized the default of the social security rules, and also extended the social security law literature. In addition, prevention of interring damages to the Fund of Social Security Organization, through suggestions on the reform of the current rules. On the other hands, since this section covers one of the crimes of social security scope, and it is regarded as a specialized subject of the social security, its studying should be done by regarding its details, grounds and conditions of committing of this crime. What are the means and conditions of the crime? Who is the offender? These are the sorts of the questions that this article has dealt with. This study shows that, while the 97 section creates and states the new and specific crimes in this area, its criminal rules are not accordance with the general and specific aims of the legislative.