JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES
Year:2000 | Volume:10 | Issue:34-35|Papers Count:7

The Iranian Academy of Persian language and literature finally published it proposal on Persian orthography in Esfand 1378 (March 2000). After six years of discussion and research, and carrying out a public opinion poll even though the proposed orthography has a more moderate style than itspreviously drafted version and the existing letter styles in use, it is still vague and inconsistent and has deficiencies and mistakes which totally amount to sixty instances. The mistakes of the published proposal, in the chapter "the Characteristics of Persian Orthography", mostly concern the descriptions which have been inadequately expressed. The most important mistake in the chapter titled" Orthography Signs" is the order of the letters of Persian alphabet where the Hamzeh (the Arabic "consonant alef) precedes alef and the letter "a". The mistakes of the chapter titled "the Spelling of Some Words, Suffixes and Prefixes" include the inconsistency of rules and their ambiguity in describing all similar instances of application. The mistakes in the chapter about subject pronouns (in the Persian language these are the suffixes-m, -y, -yam (or-yim), -yad and -nad which are attached to the verb) concern the mixing of the rules of the verb "ast" (present tense of the verb to be ") with the otherfive subject pronouns attached to the verb. The mistakes in the two chapters "Possessive Pronouns and Object Pronouns" and "The Indefinite Article, Infinitive Article and Relative Article" (all of which is represented by the suffix" -ya " in the Persian language) consist of deficiencies in applying grammatical rules. The mistakes in the chapter titled "the Usage of Hamzeh (the Arabic "consonant alef) mostly include inconsistencies in presenting the rules, expressing numerous rules and exceeding the standards of the prevailing style of Persian orthography. The mistakes of the chapter titled "the Terminology, Syntax and Expressions Derived from the Arabic Language" mostly consist of incomplete rules. The chapter "Compound Words" is the chapter in which the Academy has made the greatest number of orthographic mistakes. The most important mistake is that the scientific logic of orthography and the Persian language have not been observed and this has resulted in much in consistency. Besides the instances mentioned above there are many other disputable points in Persian orthography which have not been made clear in this orthography proposal on Persian.

This paper tries to compare some verses of Hadiqa published by Mr. Modarres Razawi in 1330 A.H. with the oldest MS. version of Hadiqa that was written in 552 A.H. An attempt is made to confirm this theory that Hadiqa has two different versions. The first time around it was written in 10.000 verses and at another occasion in 5000 verses by Sanai himself this is one of the most important reasons of numerous glaring errors in reading and understanding Hadiqa. In the present study the correct forms of some of the typographical mistakes of Hadiqa are given and the paper comes to the conclusion that a need is felt for another correction of Hadiqa in order to clarify the ambiguities prevalent in the existing versions

Science and Persian language are two important and intertwined phenomena. Therefore, there must be an effort to endear and protect them both. Unfortunately there are signs indicating that there has not been much effort in this regard and the existing research has not lead to any significant outcome. In this paper, after introducing the necessary characteristics of a Persian scientific writing, the content of an announcement calling for paper, as a representative of all Persian scholarly writings, is analyzed and the extent of it being systematic, controlled, and Persian-friendly is determined. The conclusion has been that the sample writing has not been as protective of neither science nor Persian language as it should have been. At the end, the root of the problem is mentioned and some further areas of research and instruction are suggested

Among the black and white pages of Abbassi history, sometimes the names of some poets who have chosen isolation and whose faces are hidden behind the ruling cruelty and ruthlessness of the time attract our attention. They are awaiting a saviour to remove the dust of loneliness from their faces and introduce them to the future generations. One of these unknown poets in Dicoljen who was born in 161 of Hijrat in Hems. He is a Shiite who expressed his Alavi thoughts openly in his poems in the difficult era of Abbassi and expressed his hatered towards the cruels and those who got the leadership forcefully and he did it through his writings and rhymes in poetry. During his life Dicoljen did not go to Baghdad which was the dream land of poets and writers and instead of filling his Divan with the admiration of the Caliphs he decorated it by admiring and appreciating AhIe bait, (Holy households). Because of this happening all of the history books admit that he was Shiite. Although he did not travel out of, his own city yet in literary fields he was not ignorant of new schools and he was the innovator of a kind of poetry called " Takheer" which later became the foundation of "Movashahat" poems. In the present article the mentioned dimensions in Dicoljens life are thoroughly dealt with and the poet is introduced with reference to his poems.

Language like any other phenomenon, changes. Language change, ranging from the smallest to the largest units, is a natural process. Various factors are involved in this process, the description of which is beyond the scope of this paper. Certain changes occuring in the structure of consonants and vowels, are technically termed "shortening". This aspect of language has been understudied by the experts. The present paper is intended to deal with the shortening of consonants in Persian from a morphological point of view. Also, an attempt is made to infer and generalize certain rules for the phenomenon at hand. It goes without saying that any discussion on language goes beyond description, and requires evidence and analysis. For this reason in order to aviod mere description examples and evidence are also provided.