ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:10

Geopolitics is a custom which is based on the geographical strength and priority, political, economical, as well as cultural status of governments. It is on the basis of the dominant politicians and their roles in the society. While in the critical and modern geopolitics we can describe the history based on the insights of those people who have been against governments and their geopolitics behavior. Such situations have knocked the dominant group down and Rutlege has interpreted these kinds of situations as “Anti Geopolitics” or “Bottom-up Geopolitics”.Following the geopolitics logic in using the strict power to impose the values of interest has caused the nations’ resistance and has emerged as “Anti geopolitics” as opposed to “Geopolitics”.The hypothesis of the present study is founded on the basis of the effect rate of the invisible powers in Geopolitical equations and nations’ resistance in comparison with that of the dominant group and their Geopolitics behavior.The present study using a library method of research claims that the situation is very complex. The results show that for empowering people, it is their resistance and wills which can revolve the traditional power equations.

In most developing countries, urban area has many environmental problems. The absence of appropriate collection and disposal of waste, problems associated with providing clean drinking water, the absence of up-to-date collection facilities and treatment of waste water, incorrect allocation of nuisance activities, etc. All are some examples of the most expanded and common environmental problems endangering the lives of citizens.According to the expansion and complexity of the environmental problems and expensive methods for overcoming those problems it will be clear that the best choice is encouraging local people to solve their own environmental problems.Women are almost half of the city population. In accordance with their direct relation with other groups (men and children) they are considered one of the most important groups of any given society. Consequently, their potentials and abilities should be used in the conservation of the urban environment. Hence participation has not been organized in many parts of the world such as Iran. By considering this fact that women through being close to earth and with having the instinct of protecting and nourishing, in a better way can protect their environment , this paper attempts to explain the effective factors on the participation of the urban environment conservation.The findings of this research show that the base and background of this approach (ecofeminism) is very weak and women have little cooperation in the conservation of environment. For the purpose of becoming familiar with the effective factors to increase the women participation, some indicators such as age, education level ,household expenses, length of residence , etc. Have been selected.

Due to inefficiency of pattern of economic growth in determining development in 1990, UNDP for the first time evaluated the concept of human development using three basic indices: rate of literacy, access to facilities needed for a proper life and healthy long life. This study tries to examine human development and human poverty indices in the Middle East countries and evaluate their effects on gender inequality. Descriptive-analytical method is used for this study. Based on the results derived from calculation of human development indices, four countries have high–level human development, fourteen countries have average human development and two countries namely Iraq and Yaman have low-level human development. The Study of relationship between human development indices and gender inequality shows that there is a non-linear relationship between human development indices and women status. The increase in human development indices will decrease inequality between men and women. Also in countries where women have greater role and participation in economic and social fields, human poverty is decreased.

One of the practical and safe strategies which the city planners and authorities adopt to provide suitable dwelling is using the potentiality of the old city tissues. Organizing these tissues causes us to achieve the goal with the least cost and time. The experiences of Iran and the World have shown that with a homogenous planning in a top-down fashion and without people’s interference will be fruitless. Such plans will cause people’s hopelessness and their sense of untruthfulness towards the city authorities. Regarding these facts, it will be useful to consider the ways of the people’s participation at a higher level, their partnership, and empowering the local societies as well as the unarmed forces (Citizens, the private section, owners, etc.) to help develop and rebuild the old tissues of the city. Thus the problem in this study is that “How can we empower the mentioned groups to rebuild and improve the city old tissues?” The analysis of the strategies used in this respect forms the first part of the present research. Then the latest approaches using the experiences of Iran and the World in this regard have been analyzed. Using an experimental research and SPSS data analysis, some practical and useful strategies in this regard have been recommended (a case study of Eslam Abad Shahr in Tehran).The results of the present study show that there are a lot of potentialities to organize people’s cooperation and empower the private sections of the society. If the city authorities provide a good background to share people in the city planning projects, it will be beneficial for rebuilding as well as developing the old city tissues and the goal of providing good dwelling for the people will also be achieved. In this respect the empowering of society counselors, using sports groups, religious people, women associations, etc., are all from the available potentialities which can create a tie between the city authorities and the citizens thereby achieving the city goals.

Malayer as an average city of Hamedan Province has undergone various changes and transformations especially in the change of land utilization which is affected by different factors in its situational standard. This can be due to its vertical as well as horizontal development, more population, rebuilding the neighborhoods, developing the suburbs, etc. Population factors and the policy of different managers during the two decades of 1365 and 1385 have had the most effective role in emerging these changes and have caused the city to move towards the direction in which abandoned lands are decreasing while the built ones are increasing and thereby leading to the physical development of this city.In this research, it has been tried to investigate the process of land utilization change during the two mentioned decades and also the minor changes of each of those utilization will be studied in details. Then trough comparison, the share of each of them in the physical development of the city will be clarified.

Mathematical methods and statistical distribution show clear results in climatical accounts and hydrology and geomorghology, using gama statistical distribution for accounting and determining the precipitation probability in hydrogeomorphology, urban, rural and environmental programings as well as acceptable affairs. In evaluating the Masjed Soleiman station , the probalities of precipitation changers were studied in theorical and exprimental ways and the obtained result was that there is a coordination between both theorical and exprimental probability, 206mm with a probability of 50% and 205/7mm with a probability of 49.37% respectively.

One of the worries of planners is planning and housing policies and a suitable ideal model for the inhabitant's rural programs. Despite the efforts in the development of rural housing, this problem (housing indexes), is still in priority. One of the important ways for awareness of housing situation in the process of rural planning is using the index of housing. These indexes indicate the quantity and quality of a rural housing on one hand, and improved, long-term indexes on the other hand. In this article, the researcher will first concern with a review of the concepts and indexes status in rural housing and then with the most important element.The method used in this paper benefits from data-gathering techniques, documentaries, library sources, and the analysis of the information on the index and the extracted contents of documents and also the design and scientific projects on the rural housing of the rural development programs, document perspective (sanad-e cheshmandaz), are other parts of the method of this article. The evolution of rural housing in the based on understanding and using the housing indexes which will lead to the presentation of a suitable model and development in rural areas.

One of the noticeable slope types is land slide that has affected human life with economic and social destruction. The factors of slope, geological factors, land use and settlements of rural area, deforestation, destruction of agricultural soils can be affected in land slides.Recognition of landslides area and zoning it, could help land use and low hazards in this area. This phenomenon can help environmental planning and managers for the safety lives of settlements and planning management crises.\The aim of this paper is to study physical and humanity factors which affect landslide and to provide a solution.The research method of this paper is descriptive and the result has shown that for the management of landslide, GIS for analyzing data and integrated river basin management are needed. Up to now there have been many studies about landslides phenomena which hava submitted deferent methods for stability in Iran and in the world. It has been found that management crises center in the capital of provinces and important urban areas.