ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2010 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:10

Generally, the evaluation of 'urban land use' reflects a clear and expressive picture of urban perspective as well as the allocation of urban areas for various purposes in a city during a specific period of time with different goals of urban development. In the present study, theories and practical procedures of using urban areas in Iran and the world have been investigated. Using a comparative study, the researchers also analyzed this issue in Dehdasht too.The obtained results show that the city has developed both physically and structurally during the last fifteen years. Therefore, population increase has caused imbalance in using urban areas. Thus it seems essential to create a balance, take the necessary measures, and determine the appropriate strategies in order to prevent the further expansion of the city and at the same time preserving the nearby areas. The quantitative evaluation of land use considering the taxes and the existing criteria as well as its qualitative evaluation concerning the adaptation matrixes, capacity, desirability, dependency, and the scientific analysis of the study proves that many of the existing uses are qualitatively and quantitatively imbalanced and do not match with the standards and scientific criteria. In the main body of the article, the ways of balancing and organizing the urban areas use have been fully stated.

During the last few decades, the East Azarbayejan has been facing with population immigration due to social, political, economic, and especially geographical factors. In the past fifty years more than 1, 800, 000 of the people in Azarbayejan have emigrated to other provinces. As a result, the immigration rate has gone up from 101, 000 persons in 1345 to 153, 000 persons in 1385. Therefore, this province is ranked first in our country as far as immigration rate is concerned.The purpose of the present study is to analyze the immigration status in the East Azarbayejan province and to determine various economic, social, political, and geographical causes which affect the immigration of people from East Azarbayejan province. The method used in the study is a descriptive one and the authentic statistical sources have been introduced in case the reader needs to verify the authenticity of the data.The results show that large rural population, low income from agricultural activities, reduced productivity, rainfed lands, intensified droughts of the past, weak industrial foundation and services in urban centers, and lack of employment opportunities in rural areas have been all effective in the immigration of people from this area.

Urban management has been a stating point to provide the citizens with peace, social welfare, and to meet their needs. One of the principal issues in urban management is building public places to satisfy the emotional needs of citizens. These buildings are usually planned on the basis of cultural, economical, social, as well as technical indexes. Also, site location choices in proportion with the utilities of the site, potentialities of the site, physical heterogeneity, and use are considered as other indicators of planning such buildings.In this study, it has been attempted to analyze the characteristics of Tehran municipality, 18th district considering socio-cultural, and ethnic heterogeneity indicators while locating and founding buildings with appropriate uses, whereby creating a suitable and lively environment to standardize and improve the life condition in Tehran. The method used in this study for evaluation and site location is GIS technique.

Each scientific study requires employing methods, instruments, and going through special stages. In the present study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used. This system is usually used for urban planning, site location, and other urban applications, but it is not appreciated in appropriate distribution of usages.The main purpose of the present study was to determine the best places for founding postal service centers in Semnan. The researchers used GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).Since there were no criteria for establishing the centers, the related literature was first analyzed and the required data were gathered to form the hypothesis. Using AHP model the mentioned criteria were ranked and seven of them were selected as the optimal ones. Then after combining the obtained maps, the present situation and the location of the existing postal service centers were analyzed and the foundation of other centers was proposed.

There are various climatic zones and different climates in our country. Traditional architecture has been used to find ways and approaches to provide human with welfare. One of the symbols of sustainable architecture is Iranian traditional architecture which has been able to address ecological issues and energy efficiency because of its low initial prices and its current functional buildings. While studying traditional and local constructions, engineers pay more attention to the use of renewable energies such as airflow, light, sunshine, and so on. Also they have attempted to reduce the negative effects of construction on environment as much as they can. The main point in modern architecture is overusing non-renewable (fossil) energy which is resulted by the use of inappropriate materials, their transportation, and wrong construction planning using thermal cooling equipments in accordance with the existing climate. The characteristics of traditional Iranian architecture in Sanandaj and cold climate have been the focus of the present study, whereby the relationship between old architecture, optimal use of energy, and environmental sustainability have been mentioned.

Locating and Finding appropriate places is one of the most important issues in waste disposal system of a city. Saqez with a population of 140,000 people is one of the largest cities in Kurdistan province. Due to population increase as well as changes in people’s consumption habits the amount of garbage has been recently increased in the city. Despite this problem, there is not an appropriate way of solid waste disposal in the city.The main purpose of the present research was to study the role of geomorphic agents in site location for solid waste disposal. Having the advantages of geographic information system technology and remote sensing techniques, the present article has focused on the best sites which can be selected for garbage disposal. First, important factors in site selection for garbage disposal were considered, then thirteen layers were digitized and weighed on the basis of the existing standards. The standards include slope, erosion, land instability, water, underground water in wells, protected areas, airport, vegetation lines, electricity lines, as well as distance from city and populated areas. At the other stage, the mentioned layer was entered EDRISI and Arc GIS software, specific database formation was prepared using multi criteria decision models such as hierarchical process and weighted linear combination. The obtained results indicated that the two mentioned methods could locate four different places in the south of Saqez at the first stage and a final place last for garbage disposal of the city. Finally, considering the overlaps between the models in Arc GIS environment, the best place for garbage disposal in Saqez is an area of 74 hectares which can accommodate more than 130 tons of garbage per day for at least twenty years.

Nowadays cities benefit from two geographical (natural, social, and economical environments) and artificial (man-made environment, and architecture) symbols. Mankind has always been trying to change these two symbols for the sake of his daily activities or earning his life and establishing a dwelling both as an interest and as a shelter. During this process green areas, jungles, and gardens have been changed into skyscrapers and buildings. Bricks, cement, and metallic plates have replaced for attractive views of nature. Today’s citizens have a sad feeling while they see that they have fallen far from the beauties and quietness of nature.To solve this problem, industrialists have developed the green roof technology. Urban planners and architects use it as a ‘back to nature’ process. Green roof is a method to convert the rough, dry, and cold parts of the city into green spots. Besides green roofs can create micro-climatic zones which reduce pollution and improve the living conditions of the citizens.This process is highly advantageous for cities like Tehran which is located in a 730 sq. km. of land delimited by mountains and deserts.67.9 percent of the city is occupied by buildings and about thirteen million people live in this city. Green roofs are good means for reducing these problems of Tehran.

Development is an exponential phenomenon which requires basis changes in cultural and social structures on one hand and economic growth and reducing poverty on the other hand. Imbalance and high concentration are from characteristics of the Third World Countries. These characteristics are the results of polar growth policies according to which some locations are strategic while others are marginal. Urban planning faces with issues such as understanding and analyzing the potentialities as well as the determination of the development level of a given city. Making a balance in the city system is considered as one of the effective approaches in space organization and achieving the desired goals.Totally, the purpose of the present study was to determine the level of development of Naeen in Esfahan using the latest statistics of developmental factors. To fulfill this goal, the researchers used a taxonomy model in which thirty variables like cultural, sanitation, and institutional had been chosen. The researchers also used a descriptive analytical research method. Some of the results show that facilities and services have been concentrated in the center of the province.