ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:33|Papers Count:10

in the past few decades housing problems in our country has become one of the main challenges in economic and social development planning, and the importance of paying attention to housing and planning towards sustainable urban development in the framework of national, regional and urban planning is felt more than ever hoping to solve residents’ problems using knowledge and planning techniques, hence, providing a quiet and green environment, along with the comfort and well-being for them. For this purpose, this paper investigates the demographic indicators (total Population, number of families, family size and the growth rate of urban population) and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of Zanjan city housing to understand its housing situation. Furthermore, after predicting the population in 1410 (2030), housing needs to be identified in a 20 year period according to the statistics and existing studies and following the past process of housing construction and it’s demand (using logistic model). The research type and method used in the current research are applied - developmental and Descriptive- analytical, respectively. According to the available statistics, particularly, field research, it is attempted to investigate the housing situation of Zanjan city in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators of past and present times. The results represents the growing trend of situation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of Zanjan city, particularly, the relatively appropriate growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators at 1375-1390 (1995-2010). Results showed that, by predicting population family size decrease will be observed when 60091Residential units are predicted to be needed, therefore, from housing units estimated presently (according to the past trend of housing development), nearly 48905 units will be needed to be constructed. This number of housing units satisfy approximately 81.38 percent of housing demands.

Environmental pollution and the price volatility of fossil energy sources that are used in power plants made us turn to alternative energy source. The use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy, can be the best option for power supply in power generation plants. Suitable site for the construction of power plants due to the location impact on the amount and cost of energy production and transport is essential. Hormozgan Province's population and industrial growth has started moving astonishingly. This province has a great potential to exploit the plants converting solar energy into electrical energy. The criteria used in previous research to locate the radiation was distance from road and slope of the ground; while, in this study the sundial measures, the slope away from populated areas, distance from roads, distance from transmission lines, land use and limitations layer criteria for locating the plant are considered. The decision rule via TOPSIS is used. Based on this method 18584443816 square kilometer of land area of province was recognized very suitable class to build a solar power plant. The results of this method were evaluated using ground control. This implied fulfilling all the selection criteria at a quite appropriate and satisfactory levels and ended up with areas of most appropriate for establishing and developing power plant projects.

Following the land revisions acts in 1960s and the consequent urban growth, cities observed high growth in building cities following which comprehensive urban plans were prepared and approved. But since these plans had not enough ability to solve these problems because of the lack of accurate and correct attention to urban problems detailed plans were prepared and approved in 1970s. Urban detailed plans were prepared for extending building city criteria, development of cities and harmonizing different parts of city. Inefficiency of urban development plans including detailed urban plans with existing realities emerges in social phenomenon of cities. One of these problems is changing land uses which are formed in contrary with criteria and regulations of detailed planes, legally and illegally followed in cities. Result of these changes are imbalance in urban services and continued decline of urban environment quality. This shows inability of detailed plan in development based on the existing planning. This research tries to determine changes in approved land uses in Hamadan through library studies, distributing questionnaire between target society during 2002 to 2012 and their causes were analyzed using SPSS, ARC GIS and AUTO CAD software. In studying causes of changing urban land uses the highest share belongs to economic and legal factors which could be because of lack of sustainable income resources in municipalities and strong administrative guarantee in urbanization regulations.

In recent decades, the cities of Iran, like many third world cities, caught the dramatic transformation, so that the trend of urban growth in the economic, social, ugly unbridled growth, regional and national level in many of the cities of the country due to lack of proper policies and miss planning in construction and misuse of knowledge-based urban lands happened. Marand as a medium city in East Azerbaijan like many large urban cities are not exempted from this events. Survey data shows that during the last 55 years the city population has grown nearly 9 times along with which the unchecked expansion of the city has also resulted. Therefore, the physical expansion 26 times the present city has caused problems such as degradation of agricultural land around the city, environmental problems, and the lack of infrastructure facilities .Hence, the rapid development of non-standard shape and physical disorders which resulted in a heterogeneous city built. This paper using entropy model of Holdern and use of statistical analyzes of how growth and physical spatial expansion of the city during the years (1390-1335) has happened, attempts the discussion of the pressing problems in the site of the research. The present research has used fieldwork and document analysis as method for data collection. Based on Holdern model 67 percent of the physical development of the city happened between 1390-1335(1956-2011) in terms of the population growth and 33 percent horizontal growth ending with the city dispersion (Sprawl), also happened at the same time. These are due to the lack of oversight and control of city development by managers and the lack of a written plan for the physical development of the city.

Traffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical structure and quality of pathways and streets, and the transformation states, leads to vehicle compressibility in communicative routes. Kerman as one of the metropolises in Iran is not an exception. Since one of main traffic problems of Kerman is related to cultural issue for encouraging people to use Foot Bridge, the main objective of this research is to study the existing bridge’s condition and analyze its efficiency. In an analytical and descriptive research through testing the null hypothesis, the quantitative results of which was verified by the collected qualitative data, the researcher attempted to determine the perception of the citizens of the efficiency of the existing footbridges. The findings revealed that citizens believes that existing structure of footbridge can't be helpful in reducing the traffic density in communicative routes in Kerman.

In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the location of fire stations in Hamadan through using cluster analysis approach. For this purpose, according to theory, a conceptual model is presented as the main parameters of the 8 criteria to locate fire stations provided. All of these measures in the next stage were produced in GIS spatial layers. For the next step, using the Delphi method, 8 benchmarks in accordance with the ideas of expertise were rated and ranked. The combined weight of all layers of the information were specified and according to the weight gained by each layer and a map of the 8 benchmarks was developed. The researchers deployed the cluster analysis model to achieve the target spots, Delphi for weighting and evaluation models. They further used various techniques while manipulating layers to make decision such as buffering and density in order to produce each of the layers of gis for each of the eight criteria used. According to the map developed, three spots to create a new station were proposed. The three spots in the central, western and eastern parts of the city are the needed ones if the new station are to be built.

The holy religion of Islam regarded the issue of social security as a very important principle in man’s life and considered all other subjects depended upon security. Today, the most crucial issue in urbanism is social security. In Holy Quran and Imams’ Tradition, security is given a very special position. The methodology in this research is descriptive analytical and the data are gathered through library and documentary sources. However, in this paper, the researchers investigated the concept of city and social security from religious teachings’ viewpoints (Quran and Tradition) and in this regard, the key indexes of social security and secure city from the viewpoints of Quran and Tradition, principles and threatening factors as well as social security solutions are studied.

In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world especially in big cities. One of the solution given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and the region climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold period; then there will be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that in cold period the most and in hot period the lowest energy hit the building. In this research, for the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, the case study, first the climate information collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center for a period of 40 years, then, the data processed by Q-BASIC and EXCEL soft wares. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. The results of this research showed that vertical surfaces with the orientations of +150 and - 150 south-western absorb the most amount and surfaces with the orientations +15 and -15 north-eastern and western lowest energy in cold and hot months of the year. The highest difference of radiated energy in hot and cold periods in vertical surfaces is in +135 southeastern and -135 south-western. According to the research results the best orientation for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle.