QOM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL
Year:2011 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors; the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are on the increase nowadays. Helicobacter pylori(H.Pylori) causes chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cycloocygenase-2 (COX-2) is the central enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway to prostaglandins. Studies from different laboratories suggested that over-expression of COX-2 was detected in colon and other tumors. To obtain direct evidence concerning this relationship, we investigated the immunohistochemical findings of gastric mucosa using an animal model of gastric cancer induced by H. pylori in sprague dawley rat. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned into three groups(n=5). Those of experimental group2 were given MNU. one week after completion of MNU administration, rats in experimental groups 1 were inoculated with H. pylori three times every other day. Rats in control group (group 3) received neither MNU nor H. pylori. Rats of group’s 1, 2, and control group were maintained on standard diets throughout the experiment. Rat were weighed and sacrificed under anesthesia with ether at 20 weeks after infection. One half of the excised stomachs, were fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin and were cut into approximately six strips, which were processed by standard methods, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry for Cox-2 protein detection. To confirm H. pylori infection, samples (3-mm2) of stomach mucosa transferred to appropriate medium and Colonies were identified by characteristic Gram’s stain morphology, and by urease, catalase, and oxidase activity sample was also placed into the gel of a rapid urease test kit. Results: Data showed a significant decrease of animal body weight in experimental groups compared with control group. Histopathological studies showed severe infiltration of the lamina propria and submucusaal layer by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells appeared in the antrum, with an increase in epithelial cell proliferation, and the infiltration of focal oesophageal. Control animals showed no abnormal findings throughout the entire observation period. COX-2 protein was expressed in experimental groups but there were no evidence of cox-2 protein expression in control group. Conclusion: Data showed that the H. pylori caused significant decrease of body weight in experimental group. In addition, histological studies showed evidence of metaplasia in rat stomach. Immunohistochemichas studies showed cox-2 protein expression occurred during early stage of metaplasia induction.

Background and Objectives: Hearing loss is the most frequent sensory disorder affecting 1 in 500 neonates with more than 50% of inherited cases. This trait is a very heterogeneous disorder and happens due to genetic or environmental causes or both. More than 46 genes may be involved in non-syndromic hearing loss. Recently, DFNB59 gene has been shown to cause deafness in some Iranian populations. The aim of this study was to determine the role of DFNB59 gene mutations causing deafness in a group of 130 deaf pupils in Fars province. Methods: This descriptive-laboratory based study investigated the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations using PCR-SSCP/HA strategy. Results: Two different DFNB59 polymorphism including 874G>A and 793C>G were found in 1 and 9 of 130 patients studied respectively. However, no DFNB59 mutation was identified. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the association of DFNB59 mutations with deafness in Fars province is very low.

Background and Objectives: An important cause of delayed recovery from abdominal surgery is delay in return of bowel Function. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chewing sugar free gum after elective Cesarean-delivery on return of bowel function in primiparous women in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 120 patients, who were scheduled for elective cesarean were randomly allocated to 2 groups of gum-chewing group (n=60) and control group (n=60) postoperatively. The patients in the gum-chewing group chewed postoperatively sugar free gum 4 times daily as soon as they recovered from anesthesia till the time they passed flatus or defecated. Control group recieved routine postoperative dietary management. The mean scores of postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal bowel sounds, passage of flatus, defecation and sensation of bowel movement were compared between the two groups. The data were then analyzed using chi square and t-test.

Background and Objectives: Breast self examination (BSE) is an easy and inexpensive method to screen breast cancer and unlike Mammography, BSE performing is widely possible in developing countries. The incidence rate of breast cancer is higher in developed countries but it is being increased in developing countries such as Iran as a result of lifestyle change and reproductive pattern similar to those in western countries thus affecting Iranian women at a younger age and at advanced stages. Due to the fact that BSE should perform monthly after the age 20, the aim of the present study was to determine instruction effect on students’ knowledge and attitude of female students upon BSE. Methods: 174 students were selected by cluster random sampling and questionnaires were completed by interview. After that an instructional program was planned for them with the model being presented through live lecture. Finally the same questionnaires were completed again after 4 months by interview. The data were then analyzed by S.P.S.S software (ver10).Results: The mean scores of students’ knowledge and attitude were significantly increased after education.

Background and Objectives: Cannabinoids produce a wide array of effects on different species and interact with different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In the present study, the effects of histaminergic and cannabinoidregic systems as well as their interactions on anxiety-related behaviors were examined on mice. Methods: In this study, at first mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine. They were then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed one mm above CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus. After that, seventeen groups of animals were tested with hole board apparatus for measuring anxiety behavior. For the statistical analysis, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's test were used. Results: Intra-CA1 injection of WIN55, 212-2 (0.1, 0.5mg/mice) did not modify anxiety-related behaviors in mice. But administration of AM251 (25 and 50ng/mice), histamine or ranitidine (5mg/mice) induced anxiogenic-like response. Also, co-administration of WIN55, 212-2 with histaminergic agents, decreased the anxiogenic-like response of histamine, but not that of ranitidine. Co-administration of an ineffective dose of AM251 with histaminergic drugs did not alter the response induced by these drugs. In all the experiments, locomotor activity was not significantly changed. Conclusion: These results showed that there may be a partial interaction between the cannabinoidergic and the histaminergic systems of the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety-like behaviors.

Background and Objectives: Recently, interest has increased in the potential employment of embryonic stem cells for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which has been considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Due to their pluripotent differentiation potential, the finding that they do not induce carcinoma and the fact that they do not raise the ethical concerns connected with human embryonic stem cells, human amniotic epithelial cells are considered to be a very promising cell source. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FGF8 and Shh on the expression of dopaminergic markers from human amniotic epithelial cells. Methods: In this study, we examined the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in vitro from AECs using the expression of several markers including TH, DAT and DbH. For dopaminergic differentiation, sonic hedgehog (Shh) and FGF8 were added to cultures and the cultures were allowed to differentiate for 21 days. Analysis of AECs derived dopaminergic neurons was performed at the TH, DAT, b-tubulin III and DbH expression levels by immunocitochemistry. The significance of the data was tested by Student's t-test (between two groups) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-test.

Background and Objectives: Among several methods for the treatment of wrist-fingers motor function impairment after stroke, splinting is a method commonly used as complementary option. But there are so many controversies surrounding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mobilizing and immobilizing splints on wrist-fingers motor function after stroke. Methods: In this experimental study, 31 stroke patients were selected and divided randomly into three groups including: mobilizing splint, immobilizing splint and control group. Participants in intervention groups wore their own splints for eight weeks, five days per week and on average six hours per day. Motor function was measured at baseline and the eighth week by fugl-meyer (FM) scale. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare scores of FM scale between three groups. Results: Data analysis showed significant increase in motor function only in mobilizing splint group (p=0/001) and this increase was significant compared with other groups (p=0/001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, using a mobilizing splint compared with immobilizing splint could have better functional results for treating wrist and finger motor impairment in post-stroke patients.

Background and Objectives: Despite decades of dramatic progress in their treatment and prevention, infectious diseases remain a major cause of death and debility responsible for worsening the living conditions of millions of people around the world. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiologic features of patients admitted with infectious disases at Kamkar Hospital in Qom. Methods: A routine data base study was carried out to obtain relevant data from medical records of patients admitted with infectious diseases at the Kamkar Hospital during summer 2007. The epidemiologic features of patients were obtained and analyzed using chi-square, t-test and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Results: Out of 2907 admitted cases at the Kamkar hospital 331 (11.3%) pertained to infectious diseases. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infection, septicemia and pneumonia; 61cases (18.4%), 48cases (14.5%) and 45cases (13.6%), respectively. The most common involved systems were respiratory tract and urogenital tract, with each one having 73cases (22.05%). Conclusion: This study confirms the continuing importance of infectious diseases especially urinary tract infection, septicemia and pneumonia in Qom, which requires more research to be done to better identify their epidemiology and pathogenesis.

Background and Objectives: Nasal congestion is a problem in which many person with migraine headache are involved and can induce misdiagnosis in these patients. Many of these patients with nasal congestion believe that the cause of their headache is due to the sinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of nasal congestion in episodes of migraine headache. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 131 patients which were diagnosed by neurologists based on standard criteria to have had migraine. Sampling was done through non-probability in hand method. The data were gathered with regard to age, sex, type of headache and presence of nasal congestion for each patient. They were then analyzed by chi-square and Fisher’s exact test.

Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with various misleading clinical manifestations. One of them is the involvement of central nervous system which has a broad range of clinical manifestations. Improvement of knowledge among medical professionals about its different clinical presentation can lead them to better diagnosis and treatment. Case Report: In this report, we presented a neurobrucellosis patient with chief complaint of 4 month-nausea and vomiting.