Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Year:2008 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (S.N. 7 )|Papers Count:11

Objective: To investigate and compare growth potential as well as aging of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from rat bone marrow tissue and adipose tissue (AT) occurred at epicardial and epididymal regions.Design: Experimental studyAnimals: 10 Wistar RatsProcedures- Rat MSCs occurred at bone marrow and epicardial and epididymal AT were isolated and culture expanded through several successive passages. Differentiation potential along bone, cartilage and adipose cell lineages was used to verify MSC identity of the isolated cells, and then the cells were comparatively investigated in terms of their colonogenic ability, population doubling time and growth curve characteristics. Furthermore, the number of senescent cells at different passages was quantified using senescent- associated (SA) b galactosidase staining method.Results: MSCs from both AT appeared to have more proliferation capacity in culture than those from bone marrow since they exhibited significantly more colony number and shorter PDT value (P<0.05). Epicardial AT-MSCs indicated even more significant proliferation capacity than their epididymal counterparts. With respect to cell aging, marrow: MSCs cultures indicated higher percentages of senescent cells than AT-MSCs (P<0.05). Although the percentages of senescent cells in epididmal AT-MSCs were higher than epicardial ATMSCs but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Taken together we concluded that rat epicardial ATMSCs could be appropriate cells for experimental and preclinical settings since they possess more expansion rate and less percentages of senescent cells in culture.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate and compare grossly and pathologically two surgical techniques of amniotic membrane patching on experimental corneal alkali burn in dogs.Design: Experimental studyAnimals: Fifteen healthy dogsProcedures: The central corneas of the dogs were inflicted by applying a round filter paper, 6.0 mm in diameter, soaked in 1 N NaOH for 60 sec. A corneal alkali burn was made unilaterally in each dog's eye. A total of fifteen dogs were divided into three groups of five each: (A) uncovered as a control group; (B) covered by amniotic membrane (AM) patching with the amnion cell side down sutured around the corneal wound area with 10/0 nylon as AM+suture group; (C) covered by sutureless amniotic membrane patch adhered by 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond) as AM+glue group. Time of surgery and AM persistence were recorded. After 3 weeks eyes enucleated and Samples were monitored by evaluating of most important pathological features.Results: The mean time of surgery in group B was significantly longer than group C. AM persistence in group C was significantly more than group B. Corneal thickness measurements and numbers of epithelial rows showed no significant statistical differences between different groups. Group C has had significant lower degree of corneal vascularization than group A. Stromal edema was most prominent in group A, but statistical analysis revealed no significant statistical differences between groups. Stromal collagen arrangement showed no significant differences. AM patched corneas (group B, C) show lower inflammation, compared with the uncovered one (group A). Among the AM patching groups, the group C revealed the best result.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: use of the sutureless amniotic membrane patching with 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate as a dressing on a corneal alkali burn could induce rapid epithelial healing with less inflammatory response as well as reduce the time of operation in dogs.

Objective: To study the effect of digit amputation on animal survival, and distribution of lesions on limbs, days in milk and parity in operated cows.Design: Retrospective descriptive studyAnimals: Thirteen cows in a dairy herd consisting 1100 lactating Holstein cowsProcedures- Digit amputation by using a loop wire after inducing local intravenousAnesthesiaResults: Digits of 13 cows were amputated during the period of study. Most amputations were done in hind limbs. The average of parity during surgery was 3.3 that were higher from the average of parity in the herd (2.9). Eight cases were recorded in the third or less parities and 5 cases in fourth or more parity. The average of days in milk for all amputated cow is 180.72±136.18 days that in 5 cases it was recorded under 100 DIM and 8 cases is over 100 days.Six out of 13 cows (46.15%) were survived at least one year after surgery and 7 cows (53.85%) were culled after amputation. The main reason for culling in 2 (28.57%) cases was infertility but in other five (71.43%) was complications of the lameness. The average time to culling after surgery in culled animals recorded as 131 days.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Regards to the results, digit amputation can extend lifespan of cows with some incurable digital diseases. Digit amputation may consider as a salvage method in dairy farms. Some factors like the time of surgery, surgical technique and extent of the lesions may affect the outcomes.

Objective: Comparative endoscopic evaluation of two reconstructive methods (R&Y and jejunal loop interposition) after gastrectomy in dogs.Design: Experimental studyAnimals: Ten healthy male dogsProcedures: The animals were divided randomly in two groups. After a 12 hour food with hold and under general anesthesia laparotomy is performed in all dogs. In group A (R&Y), after dissection and resection of all gastric vessels and ligaments the stomach was resected cranially close to cardia and caudally close to pylorus. After gastrectomy duodenal end was closed in a two layer inverting suture pattern. Then a loop of jejunum 20 cm distal to Treitz ligament was identified and resected. End to side anastomosis was performed between the distal jejunal end and remained part of the stomach. The proximal jejunal end was end to side anastomosed to the rest of jejunum. In group B (JLI), gastrectomy was done in the same manner. The 20 cm length of jejunum was resected from a 20 cm distance to Treitz ligament. The proximal end of the jejunal loop was end to side anastomosed to the remained part of the stomach and the distal end was anastomosed to the proximal jejunum. Finally jejunojejunostomy was performed between the two Jejunal parts. 1 month after surgery, esophagoscopic and gastroscopic evaluation was performed to rule out the reflux esophagitis or gastritis.Results: Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy thirty days after operation revealed normal appearance at gastrodeudenal and deudenojejunal anastomotic junctions. There was no report of enterogastric biliary reflux (EBR) in esophagus or alkaline gastritis. A 2 cm to 2 cm ulcerative mass was observed in the remained part of stomach close to gastrojejunal anastomotic site in one patient in group A. Also regurgitation was noticed in the same patient. A 1 cm to 1 cm ulcer was reported in one patient in group B. Morphology of all anastomotic sites was normal. They were all patent and healed normally without any signs of inflammation.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The results of this study showed that the JLI like R&Y technique is a successful method to prevent reflux esophagitis.

Objective: To evaluate the role of autogenous bone marrow (BM), in the healing of experimentally induced burn wound in rats.Design: Experimental in-vivo study.Animals: 20 adult male white New Zealand rabbits.Procedures: Two burn wounds were created under general anesthesia using a 100 W electric soldering iron, heated to the point of redness (about 800oC) on each side of the back, 4 cm apart. 2 mg/kg morphine was injected intramuscularly twice daily for four days to control pain. The scab was removed from the wound 48 hours after the wound creation, when daily rinsing the wounds with normal saline began and continued until the end of the study. 48 hours after the wound creation, 1 ml BM was aspirated from left tibial plateau and injected around the wounds of the treatment group at four points, (0.2 ml at each site). The same amount of normal saline was injected around the wounds of the control group. Half of the animals were sacrificed on day 7 and the rest, on day 14 for biomechanical and histopathological evaluations.Results: Histopathologically, on day seven, both groups showed complete necrosis of epidermis and superficial dermis. There was only a mild infiltration of inflammatory cells in treatment group. On day 14, re-epithelialization could be seen in both groups, but it was more prominent in treatment group.Biomechanically, there was no significant difference between the groups on day seven; whereas, all the biomechanical parameters were significantly more in treatment group, on day 14. It can be concluded that autogenous BM can augment the healing process of burn wounds, experimentally.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Considering the availability and the ease of harvesting BM, this simple and applicable method can be used to exaggerate burn wound healing in any clinical condition.

Objective: In the present study we investigated the isolation protocol, population doubling time (PDT) and the expression of a pluripotential gene by RT-PCR analysis of early transcription factor Nanog in caprine umbilical cord (CUC) Wharton's jelly mesenchymal cells (WJMCs).Design: Experimental in vitro study.Animals: Four mix breed goatProcedures: CUCs were collected from abattoir pregnant uteri and their Wharton's jellies (WJs) were cut into 2×2 mm2 segments for explanting. 8-10 segments were explanted into each 35 mm culture dish. WJ explants were removed 5 days after plating and the remaining adherent cells were cultured for another 5 days. Isolated cells were histochemically assayed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. RT-PCR was used to assess the presence of Nanog mRNA. Besides, in this study the growth kinetic was evaluated for the isolated cells.Results: CUC isolated cells displayed spindle-form and small round-shape with high nucleus. Confluent cells formed colonies that indicated AP activity. Initial seeding concentration of 2×104 CUC-WJMCs resulted in shorter PDT compared to fetal fibroblasts (46.57 vs. 54.29 hours, respectively). Expression of Nanog was undetectable in 9th passage of CUC-WJMCs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: CUC contains an easily obtainable source of mesenchymal cells which exhibit stem cells properties but probably these cells are not pluripotent.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine, xylazine and lidocaine/xylazine combination in eye regional anesthesia.Design: Experimental Study.Animals: Twenty adult goats were randomly designed in 4 groups.Procedures: In group L: 10 ml mixture of lidocaine 2% (5 mg/kg bw) and normal saline, In group LX: 10 ml mixture of lidocaine 2% (5 mg/kg bw), xylazine 2% (0.05 mg/kg bw) and normal saline, In group X: 10 ml mixture of xylazine 2% (0.05 mg/kg bw) and normal saline and In group C: 10 ml of normal saline were injected into the retrobulbar space of left eyes via four point method. Onset and duration of eyelids analgesia and glob analgesia/akinesia were compared between the groups. The images were studied serially and compared anatomically with two dissected head and intact goat skulls.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that eye regional anesthesia have not been observed in group C. In group X, sedative effect of xylazine without complete loss of eyelids and glob anaesthesia was observed. There was no significant difference in onset of eyelids and glob anaesthesia between groups L and LX (p>0.05). Duration of eye regional anesthesia in group LX was significantly more than group L (p<0.05). The animals in groups X and LX were sedated during the study but in group L the animals were alert and nervous.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: According to results of present study, addition of xylazine to lidocaine for retrobulbar block causes a sedative effect and increased duration of eye regional anesthesia.

Objective: to provide a reference anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the goat by using computed tomographic modality.Design: Experimented studyAnimals: Five male Rayini goatsProcedures: CT images were acquired from the head region perpendicular to the hard palate.CT windows were adjusted as necessary to obtain the optimal image for the paranasal sinuses. The images were studied serially and compared anatomically with two dissected head and intact goat skulls.Results: Maxillary, frontal, palatine, lacrimal and conchal sinuses were identified and labeled according to cheek teeth as landmarks.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-The results of this study can help better understanding of paranasal sinuses position and their communications in a live animal.

Case Description: On 23 July 2007, a four-years-old ewe, was referred to Veterinary Clinic of Tabriz Islamic Azad University. The clinical examination revealed lethargy, weight loss and hematuria in clinical examination. Left kidney in external palpation was painful, enlarged and abnormal.Treatment and Outcome: Laparotomy was done for exploratory diagnosis. In laparotomy the left kidney was obviously tumoral. Inspection of abdominal viscera revealed no abnormality. Unilateral nephrectomy was carried out on this animal by local anesthesia after sedation. Histologically, we diagnosed a renal cell carcinoma.Clinical Relevance: As clinical signs of renal cell carcinomas described in humans may or may not be present in domestic and laboratory animal species the only way to find out if a mass is a tumor, could be by doing an exploratory laparatomy, with a biopsy and histological examination. This is an easy procedure that can be performed on a sedated sheep with the help of local anesthesia. We propose radical nephrectomy to the treatment of choice for nonmetstatic renal cell carcinoma.

Case Description: An eleven-year-old Golden retriever male dog (dog I) and a four-year-old neutered Toy Terrier (dog II) were referred to Small Animal Clinic. Dog I was suffered from partial loss of vision and engorgement of episcleral vessels of his right eye and dog II was blind. Intraocular pressure (IOP) of right eye was 37.8 mmHg in dog I and 34.5 and 31.6 mmHg in the right and left eye of dog II that measured by Schiftz tonometer, respectively.Treatment and Outcome: Medical treatment was started to reduce ciliary body secretions and increase drainage. On day 3, surgical treatment were carried out using of Ahmed’s gonioimplant valve AGV S2 and AGV FP7 in right eye of dog I and II, respectively. Post-operative care was carried out with topical and systemic anti-glaucoma, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs. Intraocular pressure was dropped into normal level the day after surgery in both dogs.Clinical Relevance: Authors hope that clinicians examined eyes and be awared strictly about glucoma and consider suitable immediate medical therapy because of preserving and maintaining vision of eye. Moreover operation using of valved gonioimplant (Ahmed’s valve) is preferable for long-term treatment of glaucomatous cases with anti-glaucoma drugs.

Case Description: An eight-year-old, light brown and crossbred stallion in a horse-racing club had two gray skin masses on his left thigh and thoracic inlet with a slow growth since two years ago. The masses were 5×7 cm in size, irregular shaped with some convex parts. Surface bleeding had been reported occasionally. CBC and WBC were within normal values. General clinical examination of the animal revealed no problem.Treatment and Outcome: Under general anesthesia (premedication, induction and maintenance by xylazine and ketamine) two neoplastic masses were excised completely. The lesions were restricted to skin with no subcutaneous tissue involvement. Histopathologic results confirmed cutaneous fibroma based on numerous fibroblasts and collagen fibers. There were no recurrences or any other complications in post-operative monitoring for six months.Clinical Relevance: Treatment of cutaneous fibroma is complete by surgical excision in ablating the tumor masses and preventing re-growth.