Rostaniha
Year:2003 | Volume:4 | Issue:3-4|Papers Count:14

Based on the floristic study of rust fungus flora (Uredinales) of Golestan National Park, located in the Northeast of Iran, 68 rust taxa were recognized. Of these, one subspecies and five species viz. Phragmidium sanguisorbae subsp. mediterraneum on Sanguiosorba minor, fuccinia difformis on Galium aparine, P. jasmini on Jasminum fruticans, P. rhytismoides on Thalictrum isopyroides, Uromyces mogianensis on Fritillaria gibbosa and U. transcaspicus on Astragalus citrinus are recorded as new additions to Iranian rust flora. Moreover, Thalictrum isopyroides and Fritillaria gibbosa are recorded as new hosts (Matrix Nova) for Puccinia rhytismoides and Uromyces mogianensis, respectively.

In this study 14 specimens belonging to Karaj mycoflora were examined. According to the results, two form- species; Diplosporonema delastrei, on Silene latifolia subsp. persica and Piggotia ulmi, on Ulmus sp. are reported with new names. For some of the identified fungal specimens, new hosts (matrix nova) are introduced. Moreover, many taxa such as, Marssonina kriegeriana on Salix sp., Septoria polygonorum on Polygonum persicaria, Stagonospora dolosa on Phragmites communis, Platychora ulmi on Ulmussp., Polystigmina sp. on Cerasus sp. and Ramularia decisions on Rumex sp., are studied and documented as less - known form - species.

To study the phylogenetic relationships between Erysiphe s. lat. And Microsphaera, the nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA including 5.88 rDNA gene were determined for 23 taxa. The results showed that Erysiphe. section Erysiphe and Microsphaera are closely related and clustered together with strong bootstrap support (100%). All of taxa belonging to this group produce conidia singly. Whereas, these genera are distinguished by the morphology of appendages which is dichotomously branched in Microsphaera and mycelioid in Erysiphe. Erysiphe. sect. Golovinomyces and Erysiphe. sect. Galeopsidis, both of which are well characterized by conidia produced in chains, formed two different groups. The percentages of sequence divergence ranged from 2 to 7.8% between Microsphaera and Erysiphe. sect. Erysiphe. In contrast, there was high diversity between E. sect. Erysiphe and two other Erysiphe sections (18.5-22.4%). Moreover, divergence between E. sect. Golovinomyces and Erysiphe. sect. Galeopsidis was also high (17.3-18.7%), which is similar to those between distantly related genera. These results show that Erysiphe. sect. Erysiphe is closely related to Microsphaera more than to two other sections of Erysiphe.

A new Alcea species A. ilamica (Malvaceae), is described from Dam province of Iran. The new species belongs to the sect. Pterocarpa. Differences from other Iranian species and its geographical distribution are discussed. SEM study of penicillate hairs showed that, A. ilamica is very similar to A. aucheri but has advanced characters. Illustrations and a distribution map are given.

In continuation of studies on Alternaria species, some 500 isolates were obtained from seeds, soil and plant parts from various localities of Iran. Prior to morphological examination, pure cultures were obtained by single conidium and single chain methods. Descriptions for each taxon are based on cultures developed on potato carrot agar. Inoculated plates were incubated at 23-25°C under a cool white fluorescent light/dark cycle of ca. 8/16 hrs. Microscopic examinations were carried out after 5-7 days. Conidiophores, conidia and sporulation patterns were studied and recorded. Seven species of Alter aria are introduced and described in the present investigation, five of which (A. chlamydospora, A. cinereariae, A. infectoria, A. mouchaccae and A. porri) are new to the mycoflora of Iran. Other two species, A. brassicae and A. japonicae, that have been reported from Iran previously, are described here with.

Cytological information is absolutely lacking for the Iranian moss flora (Bryophytes). The present research, dealing with cytological studies on the following five species (including two expressions and one variety) of Iranian mosses, namely, Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. "brevipes" expression (n=20), A. riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. ''pennellii'' expression (n=9, 9+m, 9+2m), A. serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G. (n=20), Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens. in Lange var. protensum (Brid.) Bryhn ex Grout (n=10), Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. (n=12+m) and Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. in B.S.G. (n=11) is performed for the first time in Iran. The first three species (plus two expressions and one variety) belong to the order Hypnales and the family Amblystegiaceae. O. intricatum is placed in the said order but the family Entodontaceae (according to some authors it is considered under a different family of the same order i.e. Hypnaceae), and lastly, F. taxifolius included in the order Fissidentales and the family Fissidentaceae.In the present study, fertile moss specimens were collected from the northern provinces of the country during spring and summer. Capsules with very light brown opercula were fixed in 1:3 acetic alcohol for about 24 hrs. and meiotic chromosomes were studied by squashing (tapping) and heating the sporogenous tissue in 2% acetocarmine. Prepared slides were observed under the microscope to count the chromosome numbers and then photomicrographs were taken from each slide.

Effect of various NaCI treatments (0,50, 100,200, and 300 mM) at different growth and development stages (tillering, boot swellen, flowering and anthesis) in two wheat cultivars (Ghods: salt - sensitive, Boolani: salt - resistant) on SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern of leaf proteins was studied under greenhouse conditions. Generally, in response to salinity treatments, the decrease in protein synthesis in Ghods was more than that of Boolani and the increase of protein bands in Boolani was more than that of Ghods. Therefore, it seemed that Boolani had more ability in maintaining its leaf proteins in response to salt. Thus, from biochemical point of view, Boolani was introduced as a cultivar with more resistance to salinity stress.