ARYA Atherosclerosis
Year:2015 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 (SPCIAL1)|Papers Count:7

BACKGROUND: Limited information exists from the dietary pattern of children and adolescents particularly in developing countries. We aimed to detect major dietary patterns and their association with socio-demographic characteristics of Iranian adolescents.METHODS: Healthy Heart Promotion from Childhood as one of the “Isfahan Healthy Heart Program”, Iran, projects was conducted in adolescents aged 11-18 years in Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak, Iran, districts, selected randomly by multistage sampling. This survey was conducted on 1997 adolescents in 2007. Dietary intake was assessed annually using a 50-item food frequency questionnaire in both communities.RESULTS: Four major dietary patterns labeled “prudent diet,” fast food diet, “animal fat diet,” and “Mediterranean diet” were identified. We found a significant inverse relationship between prudent and animal fat dietary patterns with age and fast food and animal fat dietary patterns with being a boy. However, a positive relationship between fast food dietary pattern and age; prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns with being boy were detected (all P<0.050). While urbanization and TV watching correlated positively with the fast food diet, an inverse relationship between urbanization and other dietary patterns were found (all P<0.050). The animal fat and fast food dietary patterns inversely associated with nutrition knowledge; however, healthy diet had a positive relationship with it (P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The study suggests that socio-demographic characteristics and physical activity are related to dietary patterns in Iranian adolescents.

BACKGROUND: It is now hypothesized whether restricted salt intake can be a potential precursor to renal dysfunction in mild hypertension state. We aimed to study the association between salt intake and renal function in patients with mild hypertension.METHODS: One hundred consecutive hypertensive Iranian patients (with systolic blood pressure 140-160 mmHg and/or diastolic 90-100 mmHg) who were referred to the hypertension research center, Isfahan, Iran, between 2011 and 2014 for screening of hypertension were assessed. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine (Cr) and creatinine clearance (CrCl). Daily salt intake was assessed on the basis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion.RESULTS: There was no association between the amounts of sodium intake and serum Cr concentration (r=0.138, P=0.174), however, an association was revealed between sodium intake and value of CrCl (r=0.303, P=0.003). Multivariable linear regression model showed that sodium intake could effectively predict renal function assessed by CrCl (Beta=0.070, P=0.016).CONCLUSION: There is an association between sodium intake and reservation of renal function in mild hypertension state and thus by restriction of dietary salt intake, reserving renal function, and preventing appearance and progression of renal insufficiency in higher degrees of hypertension can be facilitated.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP) in Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.METHODS: A total of 40 patients with T2D, 35-68 years old, were assigned to two groups in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus planetarium A7 and those in control group consumed 200 ml/day of soy milk for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and BP measurements were performed according to standard protocols. For detecting within-group differences paired-sample t-tests was used and analysis of covariance was used for determining any differences between two groups. (The trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, identifier: IRCT: IRCT201405265062N8).RESULTS: In this study, we failed to find any significant changes between probiotic soy milk and soy milk in term of body mass index (26.65±0.68 vs.26.33±0.74, P=0.300) and waist to hip ratio (1.49±0.08 vs.1.54±0.1 P=0.170). Although soy milk did not have any effect on BP, probiotic soymilk significantly decreased systolic (14.7±0.48 vs.13.05±0.16 P=0.001) and diastolic BP (10±0.7 vs.9.1±1 P=0.031).CONCLUSION: In our study, probiotic soy milk in comparing with soy milk did not have any beneficial effects on anthropometric measures in these patients. We need more clinical trial for confirming the effect of probiotic foods on anthropometric measure in diabetic patients. However, probiotic soy milk decreased systolic and diastolic BP significantly.

BACKGROUND: Potato as a high glycemic index food has different effects on healthy nutritional status. In the current study, we investigated the association between potato consumption and obesity and blood pressure among adolescent girls.METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 205 girls (11-13 years old) in 2013 who were selected by systematic cluster random sampling from schools of all regions of Isfahan, Iran. Dietary intakes were collected by 53-items food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were done based on a standard protocol.RESULTS: Adolescents that consumed all kinds of potato more than once per week had significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (prevalence of overweight and obesity was 86.7 and 13.3%; P<0.0010 in more than once per week and less than once per week groups, respectively) as well as prevalence of abdominal obesity in more than once per week consumption group was higher than less than once per week consumption group (78.2 vs. 21.8%; P<0.001). Potato consumption (as independent variables) increased body mass index and waist circumference (as dependent variables) in crude and adjusted regression models (P<0.050). Mean blood pressure was not significantly different among lower and higher potato consumers.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested a positive association between potato consumption and obesity. We did not find any association between potato consumption and blood pressure in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Soy milk (SM) and its fermented products are identified as rich sources of bioactive compounds helping to manage and to reduce the risk of chronic disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of SM and probiotic SM (PSM) consumption on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in diabetic Wistar rats.METHODS: Probiotic SM was prepared by fermentation of the plain SM with a native strain of Lactobacillus plantarum.20 streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic Wistar rats were divided into two groups based on the type of administered SM (SM group and PSM group). The animals were fed with 1 ml/day of either soy or PSM for 21 days. The serum lipoprotein levels were analyzed at baseline and the end of the intervention period.RESULTS: HDL-C increased significantly in PSM group. Furthermore, this group showed more percent of change in increased HDL-C in compression with SM group (P<0.050). Regarding LDL-C level, rats fed with SM was not significantly different from the PSM group (P>0.050); though, this biomarker was reduced in both group.CONCLUSION: Probiotic SM could modulate blood lipoprotein levels. Thus, it may be considered in managing diabetes complications and atherosclerotic risks.

BACKGROUND: To determine the average intake of soy products and its association with sociodemographic, general and health characteristics, and dietary quality indices among the population of Isfahan, Iran.METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 491 subjects in 2013-2014, grocery stores, nuts stores, chain stores, and supermarkets from different areas of Isfahan Municipality were visited. Shop owners were asked to report the amounts of soy products sales (soy nut, processed soy protein, soy milk and soy yogurt). Furthermore, a food frequency questionnaire was completed from 496 customers by an experienced nutritionist. Mean sales and intake of soy products and dietary intakes including dietary quality indices and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) as well as anthropometric and socio-demographic variables were assessed.RESULTS: Soy protein and soy yogurt are the highest [673±81 (g/month)] and lowest [420±148 (g/month)] purchased soy products, respectively. While soy nut [63±10 (g/month)] was consumed to the lowest amount, soy protein [236±39 (g/month)] was the most consumed soy product. Subjects with higher consumption of soy products were older and had higher intake of protein, vitamin C, zinc and iron, and lower intake of whole grains, legumes, and vegetables as well as greater values of MAR and dietary diversity score as well as nutrient adequacy ratio for vitamin C.CONCLUSION: Soy protein is the most purchased and consumed soy product among people living in Isfahan. More intakes of whole grains and vegetables among those with higher consumption of soy foods could define greater quantities of zinc, iron and vitamin C in the diet. Soy consumption had a reverse correlation with body mass index.

BACKGROUND: White rice is considered as a staple food in most population in the world, and there may be an association between rice intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. The present article was reviewed the correlation between rice intake and CVD and some of its risk factors.METHODS: We searched in PubMed, Google scholar, and SCOPUS to February 2015 by using several keywords such as low and high density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, CVD or risks, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, lipid profile, and refined grains or rice and white rice. Finally, 14 studies were included in our systematic review.RESULTS: There was found a positive association between white rice intake and risk factors of CVD including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it seems that there is no any significant correlation between white rice consumption and incidence of CVD and its mortality.CONCLUSION: Finding from available data suggested the important roles of higher white rice consumption on CVD risk factors.