Roshd-e-Fanavari
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:30|Papers Count:8

Organizations have always been influenced by internal and external factors and are trying to implement their strategies based on these factors. One of the tools which help the organizations to develop these strategies is the use of SWOT table. Using this table, the strengths and weaknesses in the areas of internal factors, and also threats and opportunities in different areas of external factors can be differentiated and the related strategies can be formulated. Designing strategies couldn't be always applicable, indeed the best strategy for the goals of the organization should be chosen by one of the related tools. In order to achieve the best strategy, first of all, the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities were determined. Then, seven strategies for attaining goals in Science and Technology Parks were chosen. In the rest of the paper, by MCDM technique and fuzzy ANP network analysis selected it was tried to find the best strategy. Finally, considering the various strategies and comparison table, the strategy of making an agreement between Science, Research and Technology Ministry, Industrial and Hygiene Ministry, and banks for the purpose of supporting technicians was selected.

Science and technology parks are one of the effective structures in technology development. As a consequence, development of knowledge-based economy and professional employment has been considered by many countries. The goal of many of these new structures is to organize an active environment for creation or development of technology chains for product orientation research, developing fields as a result of group work, and supporting purposeful activities of researchers, innovators and companies working in selected fields of technology. On the other hand, each organization requires some major factors that should be necessarily provided in order to achieve its goals. In fact, for each organization, there are fields of activity which should be performed in the best way, in order to achieve its defined goals. These factors, which called critical success factors are in management literature, are inseparable components of organizational success in achieving goals. Science and technology parks, similar to other organizations or institutes, need to provide these factors in order to achieve their goals. The purpose of this research is to identify these factors for khorasan Razavi science and Technology Park, and to specify their relative priority from experts' point of view, who are familiar with topics related to science parks. For this purpose, after interviewing with experts in this park, 48 factors were identified and categorized in 4 groups. In the next step, these factors were compared by experts. After analyzing the results, their priority in each group as well as their overall ranking was presented by using Friedman test. The factors are ordered as, supporting of knowledge based institutions in order to produce technology, human resource factors, factors related to development of technology Infrastructures and factors related to development of tech-based centers.

The answer to the question of technology development using internally developed types of cooperation with other companies or to buy the technology, is one of the main aspects of a firm's technology strategy. After deciding on the technology development strategy, many firms, in different stages of their life cycle, according to market requirements and corporate objectives and strategies, use different ways for technology acquisition. Successful presence in the market for each firm requires the acquisition of technology in the best way. Therefore, identification of technology acquisition strategies and strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is of great importance. One of the important issues raised in this context is choosing the right combination of strategies through various strategies, so that the firm can benefit maximum gain. There are also different methods for the acquisition of technology and technological cooperation in each Strategy. These methods vary according to the type of organization needs, technology content and types of the transaction. Some of these methods are more efficient and more effective. One of the methods and tools that can determine the degree of relevance between technology acquisition strategy and organization situation is to identify the location of organization on its lifecycle curve. This paper is based on a comparative study based on the combination of two concepts, organization lifecycle and technology acquisition strategies. Based on these concepts, potential strategies for major firms in each of the stages of life cycle will be introduced. The purpose of this paper is to establish the correspondence between the firms’ conditions in each of the stages of its life cycle, and to extract general conditions for the adoption of main strategies that is required for technology acquisition.

In the present era, innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development, improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand, the development of innovation in each country requires a capital formation to secure the necessary financing. All countries, developing one's in particular, can through flow of foreign direct investments attract financial resources and transfer of technology to create a platform for innovation to grow and thrive. Therefore considering the important role of innovation and foreign direct investment in increasing the competitive strength, this study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investments and innovative visions in Iran's economy compared to Visions Countries during the period between 1995 and 2008. The results of experimental studies indicate the existence of a two way relationship between foreign direct investment and innovation in these countries. Amongst these countries: Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia have been most successful in attracting foreign direct investment and in the development of innovative components, while Yemen and Tajikistan have shown the weakest performance. Moreover, based on the results, the status of the Visions Countries in terms of innovation and direct investment indicators is not satisfactory compared to the rest of the world. This may be attributed to problems of absorption capacity, inconsistencies between macro-economic policies and education and research policies.

Nowadays organizational knowledge is one of the most important capitals of organizations that its efficient management will promote organizations multilaterally. Knowledge management (KM) is a powerful tool to achieve competitive advantages that the experience has shown that using it in the universities has a lot of advantages. but an important problem before implementing KM project, is to identify and determine these factors, in universities. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify and determine the priorities of these factors in universities. This research includes two main phases, that in the first phase 10 main factors and 37 sub factors were determined, by studying the previous KM readiness evaluations models and counseling with experts about the factors in universities. In the second phase, a fuzzy decision matrix is used for determining the priority and importance of factors in view of research experts. Fuzzy sets are used to interpret the subjective evaluations in accordance with the linguistic information. After implementing of the proposed method, "top management support" and "proper knowledge sharing between members" factors, have the highest priority, and also "non formalization" and "decentralization" factors have the lowest priority. Factors identified in this study and prioritization of them, can serve as guide for universities to prioritize and adjust the KM activities.

Much debate in the field of intellectual property rights and its role in economic development is going on. This paper discuss about the effects of four stronger factors on innovation that can be affected by IPRs in developing countries. These economic variables that affected by IPR include, FDI, trade and innovation, public health, genetic resources and traditional knowledge. In this paper, innovation is defined base on OECD statements. Innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), process, new marketing method or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations. Where the cost of research is high and there is much risk for the return of the investment, countries use different strategies to encourage the innovation. Implementing a strong IPR regime is an important way to motivate researchers and firms for R & D activities. An empirical study has been conducted on 118 countries, both developing and developed countries. It is concluded that stronger IPR does not have direct effect on economic growth or increasing innovation in developing countries while a direct and strong relationship between these variables are visible in developed countries. The positive role of IPR in the economy of developing countries must be accounted. In addition, these countries are under the pressure of developed countries to strength their IPR regime, so the countries must develop their IPR law in a manner to prepare the most effective way for improving their economy.

The patent system at national level fulfills several functions and objectives, among which encouraging public disclosure of filed patent applications is an important one. In all technologically advanced countries, patent applications are publicly disclosed after 18 month from the filing date, regardless of whether a patent has been or will be granted. Therefore, one needs to ask why disclosing information contained in patent applications is important at national level. How the society benefits from it? In this paper, we examine patent disclosure as a primary function of patent system. Then we investigate both de jure and de facto patent disclosure in Iran. Based on a recent research in the field, we argue that although Iranian legislators have consciously promoted patent disclosure, the practice is well outside international accepted norms and standards. We finally argue that in absence of corrective measures, the Iranian patent system continued to be ineffective and fails to play its due role in the country's science and technology development.

In today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is one of the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations requires sources of innovation and the current competitive advantages and internal resources are not sufficient for competitiveness. So technological collaboration is an effective tool for developing competitive advantage, which eliminates the gap between current and desired capabilities. This makes the technological collaboration as an engine of growth and productivity in local and international markets and also as one of the most important management tools for improving the competitiveness of organizations and strategic maneuvers in complex and dynamic environments. In recent years, collaboration has been expanded so that five hundred first-class international businesses, have more than sixty percent of strategic alliances. These collaborations are not always necessarily successful and the failure rate has been reported seventy to eighty percent. These failures led to scientific experts' efforts for finding solutions to increase the effectiveness of collaborations, appropriate methods of collaboration, reduce the risks of collaboration and identifying Success Factors. In this paper, after literature review, success factors of technological collaboration are introduced. Understanding these factors provides useful insight for managers and policy makers.