SEED AND PLANT PRODUCTION JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:32-2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The present study was conducted in split factorial based on RCBD with four replications at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station during 2011-13 cropping seasons, to determine the suitable sowing date in nursery and plant density in farm for improved population of Behbahan onion. Main plots consisted of four planting dates 6 September, 21 September, 6 October and 21 October. Sub plots were combination of three row spacings (20, 30 and 40 cm) and three plant spacings (5, 7.5 and 10 cm) as factorial. Earliest time of bulbing was estimated using bulbing ratio and statistical method of cusmus. In the first year bulbing occurred between photoperiods of 12 h and 3 min (17 March) and 13 h and 16 min. (27 April). In the seconed year bulbing occured between photoperiods of 11 h and 35 min. (1 March) and 12 h and 46 min. (9 April). Bulbs were harvested when 50-80% of top foliage had fallen and collapsd. Planting date of 21 September produced the highest yield (52.62 tha-1), however difference of yield between planting dates of 6 and 21 September was not significant. Planting date of 6 September had the maximum bolted plants (17.5%). By delay in planting date, bolted plants percent was decreased. Yield of plants with 20 cm row spacing (51.52 tha-1) and 5 cm plant spacing (47.92 tha-1) was higher than plants with the other row and plant spacings. Reduced planting density decreased bolted plants percent. According to the results, sowing of improved population of Behbahan onion on 21 September in nursery and transplanting with 20× 5 cm distance (100 plants per m2) is recommended for behbahan area.

To study adaptation of different wheat types to delayed planting, an experiment was conducted in split plot layout with RCBD and three replications at SPII, Karaj during 2005-2007 cropping seasons. Planting dates (12 Oct., 11 Nov. and 11 Dec.) and wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Falat as spring, Toos and Mahdavi as facultative, Soissons and MV-17 as winter cultivars) were in main plots and subplots respectively. Results showed that delayed planting from 12 October to 11 December decreased grain yield (from 7146 to 5665 kgha-1), biological yield (from 18560 to 13410 kgha-1), spike number per square meter (from 551 to 472) and grain number per spike (from 38 to 36.1). Delayed planting from 12 October to 11 December also decreased appeared leaf number at double ridge (6.0 vs. 4.2), vegetative (878 vs. 540 GDD), pre-anthesis reproductive (969 vs 883 GDD), grain filling (815 vs 662 GDD), planting to anthesis (1847 vs 1423), and planting to maturity (2662 vs 2085 GDD) stages. Based on thses results, effects of delayed planting on decrease of plant life cycle occurred via decreasing in all main developmental stages(esp. vegetative stage), but decreasing of vegetative period length in winter type was more than of facultative and spring types ( 400 vs 328 and 278 GDD, respectively) while effect of delayed planting on decrease of pre-anthesis reproductive period length in spring types was more than of facultative and winter types ( 148 vs. 90 and 19 GDD, respectively). Grain filling period in spring, facultative and winter types decreased 125, 173 and 161 GDD, respectively in delayed planting.

In the present study, the effects of four quince rootstocks Quince A, B, C and BA29 were compered with Gonjuni and pear seedling in combination with Shah Miveh, Natanzi and Sebri cultivars. At the end of growing season, growth traits and after fruiting, yield and quality of fruits in each rootstock and cultivar combinations were noted. The results showed that the factors of year and rootstock and their interaction had significant effects on the evaluated traits. The highest rootstock diameter (10.4 cm), cultivar diameter (10.6 cm), grafting :union: (10.7 cm) and tree height (240.7 cm) was observed in grafting combinations of cultivars with Gonjuni and pear seedling rootstocks. The lowest growth in diameter of rootstock (6.4 cm), cultivar (6.97 cm) and grafting: union: (8.1 cm) was observed in combinations between cultivars with Quince A, B and especially Quince C. Cultivars on Gonjuni and pear seedling rootstocks had the highest annual growth (63.1 cm). All three cultivars on Quince rootstocks induced less vegetative growth to tree. Cultivars on quince rootstocks had more yield, and yield to trunk cross sectional area compared with yield and yield to trunk cross sectional area in seedling rootstocks. Vegetative growth and bearing had negative correlations. Rootstock also affected qualitative traits of fruits, so that quince A, B, C and BA29 rootstocks in addition to the induction of precocity, affected other fruit Quality characteristics such as fruit ripening time, fruit uniformity, symmetry, fruit size, flesh quality and fruit marketability. All grafting combinations on Quince rootstocks were compatible excluding Shah Miveh and Natanzi on Quince B.

To study the effect of sowing date on yield, yield components and agronomic traits of oilseed rape promising hybrids and lines, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan during 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot. Four genotypes Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 (Varamin) and L6 (Zabol) were as sub plots and five sowing dates 23 Oct., 11 Nov., 1 Dec., 21 Dec. and 10 Jan., were as main plots. The mean air temperature during germination time for sowing dates 23 Oct., 11 Nov., 1 Dec., 21 Dec. and 10 Jan was 19.5, 14.7, 13.8, 8.8 and 6.8oC in 2010-2011, and 20.5, 15.1, 12.2, 6.8 and 8.56.8oC in 2010-2011, respectively. In both years, seed yield, aboveground dry matter and harvest index decreased with delay in sowing date. In the first year, the first sowing date had the highest (4070 kgha-1) and last sowing date had the lowest (2323 kgha-1) seed yield. Similarly, in the second year, the first sowing date had the highest (4125 kgha-1) and the last sowing date had the lowest (2319 kgha-1) seed yield. The mean seed yield of Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 and L6 was 3534, 3329, 2977 and 3147 kgha-1, respectively. The mean harvest index of Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 and L6 was 30.6, 29.2, 27.9 and 29.1%, respectively.

To evaluate the interaction effects of salinity and methyl jasmonate on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of two cultivars of basil, a pot experemint was carried out using factors of salinity (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM) and spraying methyl jasmonate (0, 5.0 mM) in two commercial cultivars (Rubi and Genove). The results showed that salt treatments had a significant effect on all traits, except the content of carotenoids. With increasing salinity levels up to 90 mM plant height, shoot dry weight, total carbohydrates and relative water content in both cultivars decreased, whereas the weight of the root, electrolyte leakage, proline, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll increased. Methyl jasmonate treatment had a significant effect at 1% level of probability on stem fresh weight, total carbohydrates, prolin and total chlorophyll, and at 5% level of probability on plant height, root fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll a and b, but it was ineffective on other characteristics. The interaction effect of salinity × methyl jasmonate was significant on chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll (P³0.01) and interaction effect of salinity × methyl jasmonate × cultivar was significant on root fresh weight, total carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll (P³0.01), but it was ineffective on other traits. The overall results of this study showed that cultivars of basil had different response to salt stress and use of methyl jasmonate. The application of methyl jasmonate in stress condition improved charactrestics of morphological, biochemical and photosynthetic pigments in the basil.

To evaluate drought tolerance in cultivars and promising lines of grain sorghum, an experiment was conducted as split-plot on randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2013 and 2014. Irrigation treatments were considered the main plot at three levels: irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from the surface evaporation pan (normal irrigation), normal irrigation till flowering and then irrigation after 120 mm evaporation (mild water stress), and water withholding after flowering (severe water stress). Were considered as main plot and five genotypes including cultivars Kimiya and Sepideh and promising lines KGS15, KGS23 and KGS32 as subplot. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that fresh fodder, biological yield and grain yield in irrigation treatments and genotypes for all traits had significant differences at 1 level of probability. Based on Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) indices, KGS23 line and Kimiya cultivar had higher grain yield than mean in all irrigation treatments. These genotypes had also the highest STI and located at zone of high yield potential and low sensitivity to drought in the biplot. Results of biplot analysis and correlation between drought tolerant indices and Ys and Yp showed that STI, GMP and MP were the best indices for selection of the suitable genotypes in drought stress conditions.

Colchicine is a mutagenesis chemical compound that causes many changes in plants by mutation induction. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of application method of colchicine on epigenetic traits and reproductive phase in two yellow and orange flower genotype of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The experiment was arranged in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was two methods of seed immersion for 48 hours and spray in two true leaves stage and the second factor was different colchicine concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 percentage). Flow cytometric studies showed that the colchicine affected polyploidy induction in the foliar spray. In fact, polyploidy induction was increased with increase in concentration of colchicine. The results showed that in both genotypes, lengh and diameter of flower capitol bud, flower capitol diameter, ligulate floret number, ligulate floret length and diameter of inflorescence stem were increased but tubular floret number, plant height and length of inflorescence stem were decreased (P<0.05) in plants obtained in treatment of immersing seeds in cilchicine compared with control, but the length and diameter of pollen grain and pollen- vigorous rate were not affected. Length and diameter of flower capital bud, flower capitol diameter, ligulate floret number, ligulate and pollen- vigorous rate were decreased in foliar spray treatment and tubular floret number, plant height and diameter of pollen grain were increased (P<0.05). Ligulate floret width was similar in both seed immersion and foliar spray treatments compared to the control.