TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF PERSIAN LITERATURE (RESEARCHES ON PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 (33) |Papers Count:8

Book Review, which is a form of literary criticism that evaluates a book based on the content, methodology, and goodness and badness of it. Usually, book reviews are according to the critic' s opinion. In most cases, a review is based on the critical analysis of critics. The critics may consider the effects of different factors such as the reputation and credibility of the author, thematic analysis of writing, text, method of processing, reliability and value of the references, approaches, and methods of writing chapters, validity and invalidity of meanings, universality of the text and so on. The authors of this paper have criticized and analyzed the books that have explained Saeb's poetries. Because of the efforts of poets in the Indian style, that Saeb is the best representative of it, for finding new ideas and different contents and crating relationships between tangible and intangible phenomena, this style is a complex one. Hence, his poetry needs to be analyzed and explained accurately. For this need, several authors have written some books and have tried to analyze and explain his poetries. In this paper, we have analyzed and criticized these books regarding the validity of authors' thematic analysis of writing, text, method of processing, reliability and value of the references, approaches, methods of writing chapters, validity and invalidity of meanings, universality of the text and so on.

The story of Siavash in Shahnameh has been discussed more than any stories. Researchers continually have discussed the structure and deep-structure of this story. Especially they have tried to find a deep-structure in the story of Siavash that can explain the multiple structures in this story. In this article we are going to explain the major structure of the story of Siavash based on his diverse deep-structures so that we can able to explain the position and relation of Siavash, Kaykhosrow and Forud in the big scheme of the story of Siavash. The results show the determinant role of four deep-structures in genesis and narrative of the story of Siavash. Among them, the myth of First Prototype of Human is the fundamental deep-structure in the major structure of Siavash story and it plays a key role in genesis of other deep-structures in the big structure of this story. Each of these deep-structures, with their multiple structures, have effective function in shaping of major structure of the story of Siavash. All structures branching from these deep-structures are so interrelated that caused the complexity of structure of the story of Siavash.

In romantic literature of Iraqi style, particularly in Sa’di’s lyric poems, the cruelty and oppression of the sweetheart and the degradation and contempt of the lover in front of her are proposed abundantly. Despite the holiness which the love has in Persian literature, it is sometimes thought of as an obstacle on the way of lover. The research question is: are concepts and aims beyond the worldly love? To answer this question, one-fourth of Sa’di’s lyric poems were examined based on the analysis of political-social dispute. The result of the research represented that with such content-makings, the poet is the representative of the nation. He protests loudly against the cruelty and oppression of the beloved person who can bethe symbol of despotic and autocratic kings. The metaphor of "love is obstacle" indicates the conflict of lover-beloved one’s dispute. The metaphor of "love is trap" shows that the sweetheart attempts to dominate the lover thoroughly. This image conforms to lord and former, or shepherd and herd idea between governors and inferiors. The simile of the beloved person in the position of king and the approach to oppose against her has a more conscious schema in Sa’di’s lyric poems compared to those of other poets. Sa’dibelieves in accepting the obstacle. By this technique, he projects the peace-seeking of the public against the quarreling of the dominant class. Criticism against the power within the framework of love provides this possibility untilSa’di proposes his critical view directly.

Rostam and Sohrab as one of most exciting stories of Persian national epic, has been considered by editors and commentators a long time ago, and publication of numerous books and articles concerning of this poem, particularly about the difficulties of the text proves this claim, however, several of which are college textbooks to explain the lexical and semantic problems which have, in many cases, no consensus and there is still debate in discussion and is being researched. The verses which are disputable in this article have different explanations in manycommentaries. In two lines, distorted words created problems and in the other two cases, transmission of lines is making semantic ambiguity. In this study, along with review of commentators and express ideas and weaknesses aspects of explanations it was trying to solve as much as possible semantic ambiguity of these verses. The main criterion of correction is, the citation of various evidence from the text of Shahnameh, which has ignored in many commentaries

Shahabuddin Mohammad Khrndzy Zydary's Nafthatolmasdoor is considered to be beyond the enduring masterpieces of prose and Metcalf in the seventh century AD. This book ismore a historical-literal one than a literal-historical one. In this book, emotional aspects are represented more than the historical ones. The point of view in this book is first person and is used to express excitement, emotions, and feelings. The link between poetic and form is one of the features that is highlighted in the book. Illusion, as an element of creating form, and simile are delicately used. In total, the use of the element of simile is high and mainly for the purpose of creating emotions. Metaphors are often perceived to be reasonable. The society inside and outside of the author is like an indirect analogy.This article investigates secondary purposes of simile along with three categories of: stylistic look for the artist, the choice of words, and deviating from the norm, according to the analysis of imagery in the text.

Assimilation-purification is an argument has permanently been considered by theologians.Purification is to purify God from all human characteristics and assimilation is to attach human adjectives to God. In order to purify God, Ferdowsi has called God as ' the God of name' of which the name is only remained and in place of assimilation has called him as ' the God of place' which is the place where creation forms and the signs of God's names and adjectives come into being and God turns to be explicable. As some Zarathustra texts show, God, before creation, was only a name, but after creation changes to the owner of place which makes him identifiable.Ferdowsi, also, in the line ' he is beyond name, signs, and guesses' has had purification in his mind, but in the other line: ' the writer of selected substance' points at assimilation and calls God as a painter. This is how he accompanies assimilation with purification.

The aim of this study is to analyze the Intertextual relations and ties in “Rahat al sodur” and“Shahname. The research method is descriptive–analytic based on Gerard Genette’stranstextulaity and intertextuality. The data collection procedureis library based. The research questions are as follows: what kind of intertextuality is presented at “Rahat al sodur”and what is the writer’s purpose of creating these Intertextual relations with “Shahnameh”? The results indicated that the writer's purpose for creating a conscious intetextual relations was to make a letter of policy and advice. He has applied implicit, explicit and tacit Intertextuality to revive and continue the Iranshahrithought, and to legitimize the Seljuk’sTurkmengovernment.

AfzalodinBadilebn Ali KhaqaniShavani, in addition to Divan and Khatmolghareb, has written epistles and letters (Monshaat). The importance of these epistles and letters, beside literary value of them, is that they include important information about poet life. Because of difficulty of this text, the researches about these letters is very limited and finite. The best correction of these epistles and letters is undergone by Mohammad Roushan’ efforts, in turn his correction is indebted to Minovi and Forozanfarguidance and decoding’s. In this essay, we study and survey the record of a few phrases of this correction. I hope this attempt is a step to go forward the attempts of that learned and noble mans.